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@Alexey-N-Chernyshov
Last active October 6, 2023 18:37
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Example of client/server with select().
// Simple example of client.
// Client prints received messages to stdout and sends from stdin.
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "message.h"
peer_t server;
void shutdown_properly(int code);
void handle_signal_action(int sig_number)
{
if (sig_number == SIGINT) {
printf("SIGINT was catched!\n");
shutdown_properly(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
else if (sig_number == SIGPIPE) {
printf("SIGPIPE was catched!\n");
shutdown_properly(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
}
int setup_signals()
{
struct sigaction sa;
sa.sa_handler = handle_signal_action;
if (sigaction(SIGINT, &sa, 0) != 0) {
perror("sigaction()");
return -1;
}
if (sigaction(SIGPIPE, &sa, 0) != 0) {
perror("sigaction()");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int get_client_name(int argc, char **argv, char *client_name)
{
if (argc > 1)
strcpy(client_name, argv[1]);
else
strcpy(client_name, "no name");
return 0;
}
int connect_server(peer_t *server)
{
// create socket
server->socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (server->socket < 0) {
perror("socket()");
return -1;
}
// set up addres
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(SERVER_IPV4_ADDR);
server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_LISTEN_PORT);
server->addres = server_addr;
if (connect(server->socket, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) != 0) {
perror("connect()");
return -1;
}
printf("Connected to %s:%d.\n", SERVER_IPV4_ADDR, SERVER_LISTEN_PORT);
return 0;
}
int build_fd_sets(peer_t *server, fd_set *read_fds, fd_set *write_fds, fd_set *except_fds)
{
FD_ZERO(read_fds);
FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, read_fds);
FD_SET(server->socket, read_fds);
FD_ZERO(write_fds);
// there is smth to send, set up write_fd for server socket
if (server->send_buffer.current > 0)
FD_SET(server->socket, write_fds);
FD_ZERO(except_fds);
FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, except_fds);
FD_SET(server->socket, except_fds);
return 0;
}
int handle_read_from_stdin(peer_t *server, char *client_name)
{
char read_buffer[DATA_MAXSIZE]; // buffer for stdin
if (read_from_stdin(read_buffer, DATA_MAXSIZE) != 0)
return -1;
// Create new message and enqueue it.
message_t new_message;
prepare_message(client_name, read_buffer, &new_message);
print_message(&new_message);
if (peer_add_to_send(server, &new_message) != 0) {
printf("Send buffer is overflowed, we lost this message!\n");
return 0;
}
printf("New message to send was enqueued right now.\n");
return 0;
}
/* You should be careful when using this function in multythread program.
* Ensure that server is thread-safe. */
void shutdown_properly(int code)
{
delete_peer(&server);
printf("Shutdown client properly.\n");
exit(code);
}
int handle_received_message(message_t *message)
{
printf("Received message from server.\n");
print_message(message);
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if (setup_signals() != 0)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
char client_name[256];
get_client_name(argc, argv, client_name);
printf("Client '%s' start.\n", client_name);
create_peer(&server);
if (connect_server(&server) != 0)
shutdown_properly(EXIT_FAILURE);
/* Set nonblock for stdin. */
int flag = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_GETFL, 0);
flag |= O_NONBLOCK;
fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_SETFL, flag);
fd_set read_fds;
fd_set write_fds;
fd_set except_fds;
printf("Waiting for server message or stdin input. Please, type text to send:\n");
// server socket always will be greater then STDIN_FILENO
int maxfd = server.socket;
while (1) {
// Select() updates fd_set's, so we need to build fd_set's before each select()call.
build_fd_sets(&server, &read_fds, &write_fds, &except_fds);
int activity = select(maxfd + 1, &read_fds, &write_fds, &except_fds, NULL);
switch (activity) {
case -1:
perror("select()");
shutdown_properly(EXIT_FAILURE);
case 0:
// you should never get here
printf("select() returns 0.\n");
shutdown_properly(EXIT_FAILURE);
default:
/* All fd_set's should be checked. */
if (FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &read_fds)) {
if (handle_read_from_stdin(&server, client_name) != 0)
shutdown_properly(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &except_fds)) {
printf("except_fds for stdin.\n");
shutdown_properly(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (FD_ISSET(server.socket, &read_fds)) {
if (receive_from_peer(&server, &handle_received_message) != 0)
shutdown_properly(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (FD_ISSET(server.socket, &write_fds)) {
if (send_to_peer(&server) != 0)
shutdown_properly(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (FD_ISSET(server.socket, &except_fds)) {
printf("except_fds for server.\n");
shutdown_properly(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
printf("And we are still waiting for server or stdin activity. You can type something to send:\n");
}
return 0;
}
#ifndef MESSAGE_H
#define MESSAGE_H
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
/* Maximum bytes that can be send() or recv() via net by one call.
* It's a good idea to test sending one byte by one.
*/
#define MAX_SEND_SIZE 100
/* Size of send queue (messages). */
#define MAX_MESSAGES_BUFFER_SIZE 10
#define SENDER_MAXSIZE 128
#define DATA_MAXSIZE 512
#define SERVER_IPV4_ADDR "127.0.0.1"
#define SERVER_LISTEN_PORT 33235
// message --------------------------------------------------------------------
typedef struct {
char sender[SENDER_MAXSIZE];
char data[DATA_MAXSIZE];
} message_t;
int prepare_message(char *sender, char *data, message_t *message)
{
sprintf(message->sender, "%s", sender);
sprintf(message->data, "%s", data);
return 0;
}
int print_message(message_t *message)
{
printf("Message: \"%s: %s\"\n", message->sender, message->data);
return 0;
}
// message queue --------------------------------------------------------------
typedef struct {
int size;
message_t *data;
int current;
} message_queue_t;
int create_message_queue(int queue_size, message_queue_t *queue)
{
queue->data = calloc(queue_size, sizeof(message_t));
queue->size = queue_size;
queue->current = 0;
return 0;
}
void delete_message_queue(message_queue_t *queue)
{
free(queue->data);
queue->data = NULL;
}
int enqueue(message_queue_t *queue, message_t *message)
{
if (queue->current == queue->size)
return -1;
memcpy(&queue->data[queue->current], message, sizeof(message_t));
queue->current++;
return 0;
}
int dequeue(message_queue_t *queue, message_t *message)
{
if (queue->current == 0)
return -1;
memcpy(message, &queue->data[queue->current - 1], sizeof(message_t));
queue->current--;
return 0;
}
int dequeue_all(message_queue_t *queue)
{
queue->current = 0;
return 0;
}
// peer -----------------------------------------------------------------------
typedef struct {
int socket;
struct sockaddr_in addres;
/* Messages that waiting for send. */
message_queue_t send_buffer;
/* Buffered sending message.
*
* In case we doesn't send whole message per one call send().
* And current_sending_byte is a pointer to the part of data that will be send next call.
*/
message_t sending_buffer;
size_t current_sending_byte;
/* The same for the receiving message. */
message_t receiving_buffer;
size_t current_receiving_byte;
} peer_t;
int delete_peer(peer_t *peer)
{
close(peer->socket);
delete_message_queue(&peer->send_buffer);
}
int create_peer(peer_t *peer)
{
create_message_queue(MAX_MESSAGES_BUFFER_SIZE, &peer->send_buffer);
peer->current_sending_byte = -1;
peer->current_receiving_byte = 0;
return 0;
}
char *peer_get_addres_str(peer_t *peer)
{
static char ret[INET_ADDRSTRLEN + 10];
char peer_ipv4_str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &peer->addres.sin_addr, peer_ipv4_str, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
sprintf(ret, "%s:%d", peer_ipv4_str, peer->addres.sin_port);
return ret;
}
int peer_add_to_send(peer_t *peer, message_t *message)
{
return enqueue(&peer->send_buffer, message);
}
/* Receive message from peer and handle it with message_handler(). */
int receive_from_peer(peer_t *peer, int (*message_handler)(message_t *))
{
printf("Ready for recv() from %s.\n", peer_get_addres_str(peer));
size_t len_to_receive;
ssize_t received_count;
size_t received_total = 0;
do {
// Is completely received?
if (peer->current_receiving_byte >= sizeof(peer->receiving_buffer)) {
message_handler(&peer->receiving_buffer);
peer->current_receiving_byte = 0;
}
// Count bytes to send.
len_to_receive = sizeof(peer->receiving_buffer) - peer->current_receiving_byte;
if (len_to_receive > MAX_SEND_SIZE)
len_to_receive = MAX_SEND_SIZE;
printf("Let's try to recv() %zd bytes... ", len_to_receive);
received_count = recv(peer->socket, (char *)&peer->receiving_buffer + peer->current_receiving_byte, len_to_receive, MSG_DONTWAIT);
if (received_count < 0) {
if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
printf("peer is not ready right now, try again later.\n");
}
else {
perror("recv() from peer error");
return -1;
}
}
else if (received_count < 0 && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK)) {
break;
}
// If recv() returns 0, it means that peer gracefully shutdown. Shutdown client.
else if (received_count == 0) {
printf("recv() 0 bytes. Peer gracefully shutdown.\n");
return -1;
}
else if (received_count > 0) {
peer->current_receiving_byte += received_count;
received_total += received_count;
printf("recv() %zd bytes\n", received_count);
}
} while (received_count > 0);
printf("Total recv()'ed %zu bytes.\n", received_total);
return 0;
}
int send_to_peer(peer_t *peer)
{
printf("Ready for send() to %s.\n", peer_get_addres_str(peer));
size_t len_to_send;
ssize_t send_count;
size_t send_total = 0;
do {
// If sending message has completely sent and there are messages in queue, why not send them?
if (peer->current_sending_byte < 0 || peer->current_sending_byte >= sizeof(peer->sending_buffer)) {
printf("There is no pending to send() message, maybe we can find one in queue... ");
if (dequeue(&peer->send_buffer, &peer->sending_buffer) != 0) {
peer->current_sending_byte = -1;
printf("No, there is nothing to send() anymore.\n");
break;
}
printf("Yes, pop and send() one of them.\n");
peer->current_sending_byte = 0;
}
// Count bytes to send.
len_to_send = sizeof(peer->sending_buffer) - peer->current_sending_byte;
if (len_to_send > MAX_SEND_SIZE)
len_to_send = MAX_SEND_SIZE;
printf("Let's try to send() %zd bytes... ", len_to_send);
send_count = send(peer->socket, (char *)&peer->sending_buffer + peer->current_sending_byte, len_to_send, 0);
if (send_count < 0) {
if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
printf("peer is not ready right now, try again later.\n");
}
else {
perror("send() from peer error");
return -1;
}
}
// we have read as many as possible
else if (send_count < 0 && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK)) {
break;
}
else if (send_count == 0) {
printf("send()'ed 0 bytes. It seems that peer can't accept data right now. Try again later.\n");
break;
}
else if (send_count > 0) {
peer->current_sending_byte += send_count;
send_total += send_count;
printf("send()'ed %zd bytes.\n", send_count);
}
} while (send_count > 0);
printf("Total send()'ed %zu bytes.\n", send_total);
return 0;
}
// common ---------------------------------------------------------------------
/* Reads from stdin and create new message. This message enqueues to send queueu. */
int read_from_stdin(char *read_buffer, size_t max_len)
{
memset(read_buffer, 0, max_len);
ssize_t read_count = 0;
ssize_t total_read = 0;
do {
read_count = read(STDIN_FILENO, read_buffer, max_len);
if (read_count < 0 && errno != EAGAIN && errno != EWOULDBLOCK) {
perror("read()");
return -1;
}
else if (read_count < 0 && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK)) {
break;
}
else if (read_count > 0) {
total_read += read_count;
if (total_read > max_len) {
printf("Message too large and will be chopped. Please try to be shorter next time.\n");
fflush(STDIN_FILENO);
break;
}
}
} while (read_count > 0);
size_t len = strlen(read_buffer);
if (len > 0 && read_buffer[len - 1] == '\n')
read_buffer[len - 1] = '\0';
printf("Read from stdin %zu bytes. Let's prepare message to send.\n", strlen(read_buffer));
return 0;
}
#endif /* MESSAGE_H */
// Simple example of server with select() and multiple clients.
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "message.h"
#define MAX_CLIENTS 10
#define NO_SOCKET -1
#define SERVER_NAME "server"
int listen_sock;
peer_t connection_list[MAX_CLIENTS];
char read_buffer[1024]; // buffer for stdin
void shutdown_properly(int code);
void handle_signal_action(int sig_number)
{
if (sig_number == SIGINT) {
printf("SIGINT was catched!\n");
shutdown_properly(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
else if (sig_number == SIGPIPE) {
printf("SIGPIPE was catched!\n");
shutdown_properly(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
}
int setup_signals()
{
struct sigaction sa;
sa.sa_handler = handle_signal_action;
if (sigaction(SIGINT, &sa, 0) != 0) {
perror("sigaction()");
return -1;
}
if (sigaction(SIGPIPE, &sa, 0) != 0) {
perror("sigaction()");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/* Start listening socket listen_sock. */
int start_listen_socket(int *listen_sock)
{
// Obtain a file descriptor for our "listening" socket.
*listen_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (*listen_sock < 0) {
perror("socket");
return -1;
}
int reuse = 1;
if (setsockopt(*listen_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &reuse, sizeof(reuse)) != 0) {
perror("setsockopt");
return -1;
}
struct sockaddr_in my_addr;
memset(&my_addr, 0, sizeof(my_addr));
my_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(SERVER_IPV4_ADDR);
my_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_LISTEN_PORT);
if (bind(*listen_sock, (struct sockaddr*)&my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) != 0) {
perror("bind");
return -1;
}
// start accept client connections
if (listen(*listen_sock, 10) != 0) {
perror("listen");
return -1;
}
printf("Accepting connections on port %d.\n", (int)SERVER_LISTEN_PORT);
return 0;
}
void shutdown_properly(int code)
{
int i;
close(listen_sock);
for (i = 0; i < MAX_CLIENTS; ++i)
if (connection_list[i].socket != NO_SOCKET)
close(connection_list[i].socket);
printf("Shutdown server properly.\n");
exit(code);
}
int build_fd_sets(fd_set *read_fds, fd_set *write_fds, fd_set *except_fds)
{
int i;
FD_ZERO(read_fds);
FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, read_fds);
FD_SET(listen_sock, read_fds);
for (i = 0; i < MAX_CLIENTS; ++i)
if (connection_list[i].socket != NO_SOCKET)
FD_SET(connection_list[i].socket, read_fds);
FD_ZERO(write_fds);
for (i = 0; i < MAX_CLIENTS; ++i)
if (connection_list[i].socket != NO_SOCKET && connection_list[i].send_buffer.current > 0)
FD_SET(connection_list[i].socket, write_fds);
FD_ZERO(except_fds);
FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, except_fds);
FD_SET(listen_sock, except_fds);
for (i = 0; i < MAX_CLIENTS; ++i)
if (connection_list[i].socket != NO_SOCKET)
FD_SET(connection_list[i].socket, except_fds);
return 0;
}
int handle_new_connection()
{
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
memset(&client_addr, 0, sizeof(client_addr));
socklen_t client_len = sizeof(client_addr);
int new_client_sock = accept(listen_sock, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &client_len);
if (new_client_sock < 0) {
perror("accept()");
return -1;
}
char client_ipv4_str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &client_addr.sin_addr, client_ipv4_str, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
printf("Incoming connection from %s:%d.\n", client_ipv4_str, client_addr.sin_port);
int i;
for (i = 0; i < MAX_CLIENTS; ++i) {
if (connection_list[i].socket == NO_SOCKET) {
connection_list[i].socket = new_client_sock;
connection_list[i].addres = client_addr;
connection_list[i].current_sending_byte = -1;
connection_list[i].current_receiving_byte = 0;
return 0;
}
}
printf("There is too much connections. Close new connection %s:%d.\n", client_ipv4_str, client_addr.sin_port);
close(new_client_sock);
return -1;
}
int close_client_connection(peer_t *client)
{
printf("Close client socket for %s.\n", peer_get_addres_str(client));
close(client->socket);
client->socket = NO_SOCKET;
dequeue_all(&client->send_buffer);
client->current_sending_byte = -1;
client->current_receiving_byte = 0;
}
/* Reads from stdin and create new message. This message enqueues to send queueu. */
int handle_read_from_stdin()
{
char read_buffer[DATA_MAXSIZE]; // buffer for stdin
if (read_from_stdin(read_buffer, DATA_MAXSIZE) != 0)
return -1;
// Create new message and enqueue it.
message_t new_message;
prepare_message(SERVER_NAME, read_buffer, &new_message);
print_message(&new_message);
/* enqueue message for all clients */
int i;
for (i = 0; i < MAX_CLIENTS; ++i) {
if (connection_list[i].socket != NO_SOCKET) {
if (peer_add_to_send(&connection_list[i], &new_message) != 0) {
printf("Send buffer was overflowed, we lost this message!\n");
continue;
}
printf("New message to send was enqueued right now.\n");
}
}
return 0;
}
int handle_received_message(message_t *message)
{
printf("Received message from client.\n");
print_message(message);
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if (setup_signals() != 0)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
if (start_listen_socket(&listen_sock) != 0)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
/* Set nonblock for stdin. */
int flag = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_GETFL, 0);
flag |= O_NONBLOCK;
fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_SETFL, flag);
int i;
for (i = 0; i < MAX_CLIENTS; ++i) {
connection_list[i].socket = NO_SOCKET;
create_peer(&connection_list[i]);
}
fd_set read_fds;
fd_set write_fds;
fd_set except_fds;
int high_sock = listen_sock;
printf("Waiting for incoming connections.\n");
while (1) {
build_fd_sets(&read_fds, &write_fds, &except_fds);
high_sock = listen_sock;
for (i = 0; i < MAX_CLIENTS; ++i) {
if (connection_list[i].socket > high_sock)
high_sock = connection_list[i].socket;
}
int activity = select(high_sock + 1, &read_fds, &write_fds, &except_fds, NULL);
switch (activity) {
case -1:
perror("select()");
shutdown_properly(EXIT_FAILURE);
case 0:
// you should never get here
printf("select() returns 0.\n");
shutdown_properly(EXIT_FAILURE);
default:
/* All set fds should be checked. */
if (FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &read_fds)) {
if (handle_read_from_stdin() != 0)
shutdown_properly(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (FD_ISSET(listen_sock, &read_fds)) {
handle_new_connection();
}
if (FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &except_fds)) {
printf("except_fds for stdin.\n");
shutdown_properly(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (FD_ISSET(listen_sock, &except_fds)) {
printf("Exception listen socket fd.\n");
shutdown_properly(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (i = 0; i < MAX_CLIENTS; ++i) {
if (connection_list[i].socket != NO_SOCKET && FD_ISSET(connection_list[i].socket, &read_fds)) {
if (receive_from_peer(&connection_list[i], &handle_received_message) != 0) {
close_client_connection(&connection_list[i]);
continue;
}
}
if (connection_list[i].socket != NO_SOCKET && FD_ISSET(connection_list[i].socket, &write_fds)) {
if (send_to_peer(&connection_list[i]) != 0) {
close_client_connection(&connection_list[i]);
continue;
}
}
if (connection_list[i].socket != NO_SOCKET && FD_ISSET(connection_list[i].socket, &except_fds)) {
printf("Exception client fd.\n");
close_client_connection(&connection_list[i]);
continue;
}
}
}
printf("And we are still waiting for clients' or stdin activity. You can type something to send:\n");
}
return 0;
}
@Globik
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Globik commented May 28, 2018

Why are the listen_sock and the client_sock not non_block?

@johnmiketaylor
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Is the file message.h available anywhere so that I can run this code?
thanks!

@aleparedes00
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Is the file message.h available anywhere so that I can run this code?
thanks!

It's inside file common.h

@dibhar
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dibhar commented Jan 29, 2019

How can I compile this code?

@simpyparveen
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How can I compile this code?
Compile:-
gcc client.c -o client
gcc server.c -o server

Run:-
./server
./client 127.0.0.1

Before this, include common.h in both client.c and server.c

@elephantjohn
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How can I compile this code?

replace "message.h" to "common.h" in client.c and server.c;
then run:
gcc client.c -o client
gcc server.c -o server

@MehdiQaos
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why you defined the functions in the header file

@Muyin-Yao
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Muyin-Yao commented Oct 9, 2022

Is this implementation ever removing from the connection_list? If a peer exit, would it still be present in the connection_list?

Edit: reuse happen in line 151 of server.c code.

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