Check Database, table and columns character set in mysql

gistfile1.sql

SELECT default_character_set_name FROM information_schema.SCHEMATA S
WHERE schema_name = "database_name";

show FULL columns from table_name;

For Schemas:

SELECT default_character_set_name FROM information_schema.SCHEMATA S
WHERE schema_name = "schemaname";
For Tables:

SELECT CCSA.character_set_name FROM information_schema.`TABLES` T,
       information_schema.`COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY` CCSA
WHERE CCSA.collation_name = T.table_collation
  AND T.table_schema = "schemaname"
  AND T.table_name = "tablename";
For Columns:

SELECT character_set_name FROM information_schema.`COLUMNS` C
WHERE table_schema = "schemaname"
  AND table_name = "tablename"
  AND column_name = "columnname";