C++ examples.cpp

// - - Hello World - -

#include <iostream> //For input and output.
using namespace std; //"std::cout" into "cout".
int main(){
	cout<<"Hello, world!\n";
	return 0;
}

/*C version:
#include "stdio.h"
int main(int argc,char*argv[]){
	printf("Hello, world!");
	return 0;
}
*/

// - - Input and output strings - -

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main(){
	string input;
	cout<<"Enter: ";
	//cin>>input; //"cin" extraction always considers spaces as terminating.
	getline(cin,input);
	cout<<"Your input: "<<input<<endl;
	
	cout<<"Character codes: ";
	for(int i=0;i<input.length();i++){
		cout<<hex<<(int)input[i];
		if(i!=input.length()-1){cout<<", ";}
	}
	return 0;
}

// - - Pointers - -

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
/*
	"&" is the address-of operator, and can be read simply as "address of",
	"*" is the dereference operator, and can be read as "value pointed to by".
*/
int main(){
	//Example 1:
	
	int foo=53;
	cout<<"foo: "<<foo<<"; &foo: "<<&foo<<endl;
	
	int*bar; cout<<"int* bar;"<<endl;
	cout<<"bar: "<<bar<<"; &bar: "<<&bar<<endl;
	
	bar=&foo; cout<<"bar = &foo; (bar points at foo's address)"<<endl;
	cout<<"bar: "<<bar<<"; *bar: "<<*bar<<"; &bar: "<<&bar<<endl;
	
	//Example 2:
	
	char myValue[]="Hello!";
	//Store the address as an unsigned integer type and has exactly the size of a pointer.
	uintptr_t address=reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(&myValue);
	//Note that in C and C++, single quotes identify a single character, while double quotes create a string literal. 
	cout<<"\nThe value of address "<<&myValue<<" is \""<<(char*)myValue<<"\".";
	return 0;
}