Arduino LCD VU Meter

fix_ftt.cpp

#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#include "fix_fft.h"
#include <WProgram.h>

/* fix_fft.c - Fixed-point in-place Fast Fourier Transform  */
/*
  All data are fixed-point short integers, in which -32768
  to +32768 represent -1.0 to +1.0 respectively. Integer
  arithmetic is used for speed, instead of the more natural
  floating-point.

  For the forward FFT (time -> freq), fixed scaling is
  performed to prevent arithmetic overflow, and to map a 0dB
  sine/cosine wave (i.e. amplitude = 32767) to two -6dB freq
  coefficients. The return value is always 0.

  For the inverse FFT (freq -> time), fixed scaling cannot be
  done, as two 0dB coefficients would sum to a peak amplitude
  of 64K, overflowing the 32k range of the fixed-point integers.
  Thus, the fix_fft() routine performs variable scaling, and
  returns a value which is the number of bits LEFT by which
  the output must be shifted to get the actual amplitude
  (i.e. if fix_fft() returns 3, each value of fr[] and fi[]
  must be multiplied by 8 (2**3) for proper scaling.
  Clearly, this cannot be done within fixed-point short
  integers. In practice, if the result is to be used as a
  filter, the scale_shift can usually be ignored, as the
  result will be approximately correctly normalized as is.

  Written by:  Tom Roberts  11/8/89
  Made portable:  Malcolm Slaney 12/15/94 malcolm@interval.com
  Enhanced:  Dimitrios P. Bouras  14 Jun 2006 dbouras@ieee.org
  Modified for 8bit values David Keller  10.10.2010
*/


#define N_WAVE	256    /* full length of Sinewave[] */
#define LOG2_N_WAVE 8	/* log2(N_WAVE) */




/*
  Since we only use 3/4 of N_WAVE, we define only
  this many samples, in order to conserve data space.
*/



const prog_int8_t Sinewave[N_WAVE-N_WAVE/4] PROGMEM = {
0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21,
24, 28, 31, 34, 37, 40, 43, 46,
48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 65, 68,
71, 73, 76, 78, 81, 83, 85, 88,
90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104,
106, 108, 109, 111, 112, 114, 115, 117,
118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 124,
125, 126, 126, 127, 127, 127, 127, 127,

127, 127, 127, 127, 127, 127, 126, 126,
125, 124, 124, 123, 122, 121, 120, 119,
118, 117, 115, 114, 112, 111, 109, 108,
106, 104, 102, 100, 98, 96, 94, 92,
90, 88, 85, 83, 81, 78, 76, 73,
71, 68, 65, 63, 60, 57, 54, 51,
48, 46, 43, 40, 37, 34, 31, 28,
24, 21, 18, 15, 12, 9, 6, 3,

0, -3, -6, -9, -12, -15, -18, -21,
-24, -28, -31, -34, -37, -40, -43, -46,
-48, -51, -54, -57, -60, -63, -65, -68,
-71, -73, -76, -78, -81, -83, -85, -88,
-90, -92, -94, -96, -98, -100, -102, -104,
-106, -108, -109, -111, -112, -114, -115, -117,
-118, -119, -120, -121, -122, -123, -124, -124,
-125, -126, -126, -127, -127, -127, -127, -127,

/*-127, -127, -127, -127, -127, -127, -126, -126,
-125, -124, -124, -123, -122, -121, -120, -119,
-118, -117, -115, -114, -112, -111, -109, -108,
-106, -104, -102, -100, -98, -96, -94, -92,
-90, -88, -85, -83, -81, -78, -76, -73,
-71, -68, -65, -63, -60, -57, -54, -51,
-48, -46, -43, -40, -37, -34, -31, -28,
-24, -21, -18, -15, -12, -9, -6, -3, */
};






/*
  FIX_MPY() - fixed-point multiplication & scaling.
  Substitute inline assembly for hardware-specific
  optimization suited to a particluar DSP processor.
  Scaling ensures that result remains 16-bit.
*/
inline char FIX_MPY(char a, char b)
{
  
  //Serial.println(a);
 //Serial.println(b);
  
  
    /* shift right one less bit (i.e. 15-1) */
    int c = ((int)a * (int)b) >> 6;
    /* last bit shifted out = rounding-bit */
    b = c & 0x01;
    /* last shift + rounding bit */
    a = (c >> 1) + b;

	  /*
	  Serial.println(Sinewave[3]);
	  Serial.println(c);
	  Serial.println(a);
	  while(1);*/

    return a;
}

/*
  fix_fft() - perform forward/inverse fast Fourier transform.
  fr[n],fi[n] are real and imaginary arrays, both INPUT AND
  RESULT (in-place FFT), with 0 <= n < 2**m; set inverse to
  0 for forward transform (FFT), or 1 for iFFT.
*/
int fix_fft(char fr[], char fi[], int m, int inverse)
{
    int mr, nn, i, j, l, k, istep, n, scale, shift;
    char qr, qi, tr, ti, wr, wi;

    n = 1 << m;

    /* max FFT size = N_WAVE */
    if (n > N_WAVE)
	  return -1;

    mr = 0;
    nn = n - 1;
    scale = 0;

    /* decimation in time - re-order data */
    for (m=1; m<=nn; ++m) {
	  l = n;
	  do {
		l >>= 1;
	  } while (mr+l > nn);
	  mr = (mr & (l-1)) + l;

	  if (mr <= m)
		continue;
	  tr = fr[m];
	  fr[m] = fr[mr];
	  fr[mr] = tr;
	  ti = fi[m];
	  fi[m] = fi[mr];
	  fi[mr] = ti;
    }

    l = 1;
    k = LOG2_N_WAVE-1;
    while (l < n) {
	  if (inverse) {
		/* variable scaling, depending upon data */
		shift = 0;
		for (i=0; i<n; ++i) {
		    j = fr[i];
		    if (j < 0)
			  j = -j;
		    m = fi[i];
		    if (m < 0)
			  m = -m;
		    if (j > 16383 || m > 16383) {
			  shift = 1;
			  break;
		    }
		}
		if (shift)
		    ++scale;
	  } else {
		/*
		  fixed scaling, for proper normalization --
		  there will be log2(n) passes, so this results
		  in an overall factor of 1/n, distributed to
		  maximize arithmetic accuracy.
		*/
		shift = 1;
	  }
	  /*
	    it may not be obvious, but the shift will be
	    performed on each data point exactly once,
	    during this pass.
	  */
	  istep = l << 1;
	  for (m=0; m<l; ++m) {
		j = m << k;
		/* 0 <= j < N_WAVE/2 */
		wr =  pgm_read_word_near(Sinewave + j+N_WAVE/4);

/*Serial.println("asdfasdf");
Serial.println(wr);
Serial.println(j+N_WAVE/4);
Serial.println(Sinewave[256]);

Serial.println("");*/


		wi = -pgm_read_word_near(Sinewave + j);
		if (inverse)
		    wi = -wi;
		if (shift) {
		    wr >>= 1;
		    wi >>= 1;
		}
		for (i=m; i<n; i+=istep) {
		    j = i + l;
		    tr = FIX_MPY(wr,fr[j]) - FIX_MPY(wi,fi[j]);
		    ti = FIX_MPY(wr,fi[j]) + FIX_MPY(wi,fr[j]);
		    qr = fr[i];
		    qi = fi[i];
		    if (shift) {
			  qr >>= 1;
			  qi >>= 1;
		    }
		    fr[j] = qr - tr;
		    fi[j] = qi - ti;
		    fr[i] = qr + tr;
		    fi[i] = qi + ti;
		}
	  }
	  --k;
	  l = istep;
    }
    return scale;
}

/*
  fix_fftr() - forward/inverse FFT on array of real numbers.
  Real FFT/iFFT using half-size complex FFT by distributing
  even/odd samples into real/imaginary arrays respectively.
  In order to save data space (i.e. to avoid two arrays, one
  for real, one for imaginary samples), we proceed in the
  following two steps: a) samples are rearranged in the real
  array so that all even samples are in places 0-(N/2-1) and
  all imaginary samples in places (N/2)-(N-1), and b) fix_fft
  is called with fr and fi pointing to index 0 and index N/2
  respectively in the original array. The above guarantees
  that fix_fft "sees" consecutive real samples as alternating
  real and imaginary samples in the complex array.
*/
int fix_fftr(char f[], int m, int inverse)
{
    int i, N = 1<<(m-1), scale = 0;
    char tt, *fr=f, *fi=&f[N];

    if (inverse)
	  scale = fix_fft(fi, fr, m-1, inverse);
    for (i=1; i<N; i+=2) {
	  tt = f[N+i-1];
	  f[N+i-1] = f[i];
	  f[i] = tt;
    }
    if (! inverse)
	  scale = fix_fft(fi, fr, m-1, inverse);
    return scale;
} 

fix_ftt.h

#ifndef FIXFFT_H
#define FIXFFT_H

#include <WProgram.h>




/*
  fix_fft() - perform forward/inverse fast Fourier transform.
  fr[n],fi[n] are real and imaginary arrays, both INPUT AND
  RESULT (in-place FFT), with 0 <= n < 2**m; set inverse to
  0 for forward transform (FFT), or 1 for iFFT.
*/
int fix_fft(char fr[], char fi[], int m, int inverse);



/*
  fix_fftr() - forward/inverse FFT on array of real numbers.
  Real FFT/iFFT using half-size complex FFT by distributing
  even/odd samples into real/imaginary arrays respectively.
  In order to save data space (i.e. to avoid two arrays, one
  for real, one for imaginary samples), we proceed in the
  following two steps: a) samples are rearranged in the real
  array so that all even samples are in places 0-(N/2-1) and
  all imaginary samples in places (N/2)-(N-1), and b) fix_fft
  is called with fr and fi pointing to index 0 and index N/2
  respectively in the original array. The above guarantees
  that fix_fft "sees" consecutive real samples as alternating
  real and imaginary samples in the complex array.
*/
int fix_fftr(char f[], int m, int inverse);




#endif 

lcd_vu.pde

#include <fix_fft.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(4,5,6,7,8,9);
#define AUDIOPIN 5

byte bar2[8] = {
  B00000,
  B00000,
  B00000,
  B00000,
  B00000,
  B11111,
  B11111,
};
byte bar3[8] = {
  B00000,
  B00000,
  B00000,
  B00000,
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
};
byte bar4[8] = {
  B00000,
  B00000,
  B00000,
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
};
byte bar5[8] = {
  B00000,
  B00000,
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
};
byte bar6[8] = {
  B00000,
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
};
byte bar7[8] = {
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
  B11111,
};

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  
  lcd.createChar(0, bar2);
  lcd.createChar(1, bar3);
  lcd.createChar(2, bar4);
  lcd.createChar(3, bar5);
  lcd.createChar(4, bar6);
  lcd.createChar(5, bar7);
  
  lcd.begin(16, 2);
  lcd.noAutoscroll();
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.print("LCDvu! ");
  lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
  lcd.write('_');
  lcd.write(0);
  lcd.write(1);
  lcd.write(2);
  lcd.write(3);
  lcd.write(4);
  lcd.write(5);

  lcd.write(5);
  lcd.write(5);
  lcd.write(5);
  lcd.write(5);
  lcd.write(5);
  lcd.write(5);
  lcd.write(5);

  lcd.setCursor(7, 0);
  lcd.write('_');
  lcd.write(0);
  lcd.write(1);
  lcd.write(2);
  lcd.write(3);
  lcd.write(4);
  lcd.write(5);

  delay(2000);
}

void display_level(int col, int level) {
  
  lcd.setCursor(col,1);
  switch(level) {
    case 0:
      lcd.write(' '); 
      lcd.setCursor(col,0);
      lcd.write(' '); 
      break;
    case 1: 
      lcd.write('_'); 
      lcd.setCursor(col,0);
      lcd.write(' '); 
      break;
    case 2: 
      lcd.write(0); 
      lcd.setCursor(col,0);
      lcd.write(' '); 
      break;
    case 3: 
      lcd.write(1); 
      lcd.setCursor(col,0);
      lcd.write(' '); 
      break;
    case 4: 
      lcd.write(2); 
      lcd.setCursor(col,0);
      lcd.write(' '); 
      break;
    case 5: 
      lcd.write(3); 
      lcd.setCursor(col,0);
      lcd.write(' '); 
      break;
    case 6: 
      lcd.write(4); 
      lcd.setCursor(col,0);
      lcd.write(' '); 
      break;
    case 7: 
      lcd.write(5); 
      lcd.setCursor(col,0);
      lcd.write(' '); 
      break;
    case 8: 
      lcd.write(5); 
      lcd.setCursor(col,0);
      lcd.write('_'); 
      break;
    case 9: 
      lcd.write(5); 
      lcd.setCursor(col,0);
      lcd.write(0); 
      break;
    case 10: 
      lcd.write(5); 
      lcd.setCursor(col,0);
      lcd.write(1); 
      break;
    case 11: 
      lcd.write(5); 
      lcd.setCursor(col,0);
      lcd.write(2); 
      break;
    case 12: 
      lcd.write(5); 
      lcd.setCursor(col,0);
      lcd.write(3); 
      break;
    case 13: 
      lcd.write(5); 
      lcd.setCursor(col,0);
      lcd.write(4); 
      break;
    case 14: 
      lcd.write(5); 
      lcd.setCursor(col,0);
      lcd.write(5); 
      break;
  }
    
}

char im[128], data[128];
int data_avgs[16];
int i=0,val;

void loop() {

  for (i=0; i < 128; i++){
    val = analogRead(AUDIOPIN);
    data[i] = val;
    im[i] = 0;
  }

  fix_fft(data,im,7,0);
  
  for (i=0; i< 64;i++){
    // this gets the absolute value of the values in the array, so we're only dealing with positive numbers
    data[i] = sqrt(data[i] * data[i] + im[i] * im[i]);
  }


  // average bars together
  for (i=0; i<16; i++) {
    data_avgs[i] = data[i*4] + data[i*4 + 1] + data[i*4 + 2] + data[i*4 + 3]; // average together
    data_avgs[i] = map(data_avgs[i], 0, 30, 0, 15); // remap values
  }

  for (i=0; i<16; i++) {
    display_level(i, data_avgs[i]);
  }
  delay(25);
}