test.rb

begin
  require "bundler/inline"
rescue LoadError => e
  $stderr.puts "Bundler version 1.10 or later is required. Please update your Bundler"
  raise e
end

gemfile(true) do
  source "https://rubygems.org"
  # Activate the gem you are reporting the issue against.
  gem "activerecord", "5.1.0"
  gem "sqlite3"
end

require "active_record"
require "minitest/autorun"
require "logger"

# Ensure backward compatibility with Minitest 4
Minitest::Test = MiniTest::Unit::TestCase unless defined?(Minitest::Test)

# This connection will do for database-independent bug reports.
ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(adapter: "sqlite3", database: ":memory:")
ActiveRecord::Base.logger = Logger.new(STDOUT)

ActiveRecord::Schema.define do
  create_table :users, force: true do |t|
  end

  create_table :profiles, force: true do |t|
    t.integer :user_id
  end

  create_table :profile_translations, force: true do |t|
    t.integer :profile_id
  end
end

class ProfileTranslation <  ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :profile
  has_one :user, through: :profile
end

# models/profile.rb
class Profile <  ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :user
  has_many :profile_translations, foreign_key: 'profile_id'
end

# models/user.rb
class User <  ActiveRecord::Base
  has_one :profile
  has_many :profile_translations, through: :profile
end

class BugTest < Minitest::Test
  def test_association_stuff
    user = User.create!
       profile = Profile.create!

       user.profile = profile
       user.save!

       user.profile.profile_translations  << ProfileTranslation.create!
       user.profile.profile_translations  << ProfileTranslation.create!

      assert_raises { ProfileTranslation.joins(:profile).includes(:user, :profile) }
  end
end