function that adds the capability to go back to any directory named X using cd. Just put it into ~/.bashrc

cdb.sh

function cdb() {
    #suppress all output and run the original cd with all given arguments
    command cd $@ &>/dev/null

    #If the original ran successfully, do an early exit
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
        return
    fi

    START_DIR="$PWD"

    while [[ $PWD != '/' && $PWD != **"/$1" ]]; do
        command cd ..;
    done

    if [ "$PWD" = '/' ]; then
        command cd "$START_DIR"
        command cd "$1"
    fi
}

Bug:

cd

doesn't work anymore, instead you have to do:

cd ~

I'll have to fix that.

Instead of having if-branches for every edgecase, i could just run cd with the given input and only apply the special behaviour on failure.