modelinheritance.d

struct ModelA {
    class Animal {
        TypeInfo eat() {
            return typeid(typeof(this));
        }
        Food eatsFood() {
            return null;
        }
        mixin fixCast!();
    }
    class Dog : Animal {
        override TypeInfo eat() {
            return typeid(typeof(this));
        }
        TypeInfo bark() {
            return typeid(typeof(this));
        }
        TypeInfo bite() {
            return typeid(typeof(this));
        }
        override Food eatsFood() {
            return new Food();
        }
    }
    class Food {
        mixin fixCast!();
    }
}

struct ModelB {
    class Animal {
        mixin inherit!ModelA;
    }
    class Dog : Animal {
        mixin inherit!ModelA;
        TypeInfo bark() {
            return typeid(typeof(this));
        }
        Food eatsFood() {
            return new Food();
        }
    }
    class Food {
        mixin inherit!ModelA;
    }
}

unittest {
    // Implicit conversions to ModelA:
    ModelB.Dog a = new ModelB.Dog();
    ModelA.Dog b = a;
    ModelB.Animal c = a;
    ModelA.Animal d = c;

    assert(a !is null);
    assert(b !is null);
    assert(c !is null);
    assert(d !is null);
    
    assert(a == b);
    assert(a == c);
    assert(a == d);
    assert(b == c);
    assert(b == d);
    assert(c == d);
    
    // Methods are inherited from the corresponding class in the base model:
    assert(a.eat() == typeid(ModelA.Dog));
    assert(b.eat() == typeid(ModelA.Dog));
    assert(c.eat() == typeid(ModelA.Dog));
    assert(d.eat() == typeid(ModelA.Dog));

    // bark() is overridden in ModelB.Dog, so that's the version what's being called:
    assert(a.bark() == typeid(ModelB.Dog));
    assert(b.bark() == typeid(ModelB.Dog));

    // bite(), however, is not overridden, so ModelA's version is used:
    assert(a.bite() == typeid(ModelA.Dog));
    assert(b.bite() == typeid(ModelA.Dog));
    
    // Managed to fix casting from ModelA to ModelB:
    assert(cast(ModelB.Dog)d !is null);
    assert(cast(ModelB.Animal)d !is null);
    
    // 
    ModelB.Food food1 = a.eatsFood;
    ModelA.Food food3 = b.eatsFood;
    ModelA.Food food4 = d.eatsFood;
    
    // Can't do - ModelB.Animal does not override eatsFood(),
    // so this is ModelA.Animal's eatsFood() method.
    //ModelB.Food food2 = c.eatsFood;
}

mixin template fixCast() {
    static if (!__traits(hasMember, typeof(this), "_hasFixCast")) {
        enum _hasFixCast = true;
        inout(T) opCast(T)() inout if (is(T == class)) {
            auto tmp = _opCastImpl(typeid(T));
            return *cast(inout(T)*)&tmp;
        }
        
        inout(void)* _opCastImpl(TypeInfo_Class) inout {
            return null;
        }
    }
}

mixin template inherit(ParentModel) {
    static assert(is(typeof(this) == class), "inherit only works for classes");
    static assert(__traits(hasMember, ParentModel, typeof(this).stringof), "inherit works only for models matching the same class structure");

    alias ThisClass = typeof(this);
    alias ParentClass = __traits(getMember, ParentModel, typeof(this).stringof);
    
    static assert(__traits(hasMember, ParentClass, "_opCastImpl"), "Base model class doesn't correctly implement `opCast`. Please use `mixin fixCast!();` in `"~ParentClass.stringof~"`");
    
    
    private inout(ParentClass) _getProxyParentImpl() inout {
        if (_proxyParent !is null) {
            return _proxyParent;
        }
    
        import std.typecons : AutoImplement;
        
        static class Base : ParentClass {
            ThisClass zis;
            this(inout(ThisClass) a) inout {
                zis = a;
            }
            
            // Manually check if we're casting ThisClass or a supertype, otherwise return null.
            override inout(void)* _opCastImpl(TypeInfo_Class t) inout {
                auto thisType = typeid(ThisClass);
                while (thisType !is null && thisType != t) {
                    thisType = thisType.base;
                }
                
                if (!t) return null;
                union A {
                    ThisClass a;
                    void* b;
                }
                inout(A) a = {zis};
                return a.b;
            }
            
            override bool opEquals(Object o) {
                if (*cast(void**)&o == *cast(void**)&zis) return true;
                auto tmp = this;
                return *cast(void**)&o == *cast(void**)&tmp;
            }
            
            override size_t toHash() @trusted nothrow {
                return zis.toHash();
            }
        }
        
        // AutoImplement should only implement methods that are overridden in ThisClass.
        template What(alias func) {
            import std.algorithm.comparison : among;
            
            enum funcName = __traits(identifier, func);
            static if (funcName.among(__traits(allMembers, ThisClass))) {
                alias thisFunc = __traits(getMember, ThisClass, __traits(identifier, func));
                enum What =  __traits(isVirtualFunction, func) &&
                             __traits(isVirtualFunction, thisFunc);
            } else {
                enum What = false;
            }
        }
        
        // AutoImplement should forward calls to ThisClass where it defines an override.
        template How(T, alias func) {
            import std.format : format;
            enum How = q{return zis.%1$s(args);}
                .format(__traits(identifier, func));
        }
        auto tmp = new inout(AutoImplement!(Base, How, What))(this);
        // Ugly as fuck. I'm sorry.
        *cast(ParentClass*)&_proxyParent = *cast(ParentClass*)&tmp;
        return tmp;
    }
    
    ParentClass _proxyParent;
    
    import std.traits : BaseClassesTuple;
    static if (__traits(hasMember, BaseClassesTuple!ThisClass[0], "_getProxyParent")) {
        override inout(ParentClass) _getProxyParent() inout {
            return _getProxyParentImpl();
        }
    } else {
        inout(ParentClass) _getProxyParent() inout {
            return _getProxyParentImpl();
        }
    }
    alias _getProxyParent this;
    
    override bool opEquals(Object o) {
        auto zis = _getProxyParent();
        if (*cast(void**)&o == *cast(void**)&zis) return true;
        auto tmp = this;
        return *cast(void**)&o == *cast(void**)&tmp;
    }
}