Passing the password to sudo on stdin

sudo-password-stdin.txt

# if you prepend spaces your password is not saved in ~/.bash_history
# (assuming you have the default configuration)
# Options:
#   * `--stdin/-S` read the password from stdin
#   * `-v` is used to refresh the credentials cache without issuing a command
#   * `-p ''` mutes the prompt

# using echo
sudo -p '' --stdin -v  < <(echo '<password>')

# using printf
printf '<password>\n' | sudo --stdin -p '' -v