Pointers and references in C++: what happens when c is an alias to the pointer b

pointers_and_references_alias_to_pointer.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void change_val(int &z);

int main() {
    int a = 1;
    int *b = &a;
    int &c = *b;
    cout << "c is an alias of whatever b points to\n";
    cout << "a=" << a << ", b=" << b << ", *b=" << *b << ", c=" << c << endl;
    // prints: a=1, b=0x7fffd3bf5de8, *b=1, c=1
  
    change_val(c);
    cout << "changing c also changes what b points to, which is an alias of a\n";
    cout << "a=" << a << ", b=" << b << ", *b=" << *b << ", c=" << c << endl;
    // prints: a=2, b=0x7fffd3bf5de8, *b=2, c=2
  
    change_val(*b);
    cout << "in a similar manner, changing what b points to also changes a and c\n";
    cout << "a=" << a << ", b=" << b << ", *b=" << *b << ", c=" << c << endl;
    // prints: a=3, b=0x7fffd3bf5de8, *b=3, c=3
}

void change_val(int &z) {
    z++;
}