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3D spinning donut in Python. Based on the pseudocode from: https://www.a1k0n.net/2011/07/20/donut-math.html
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import numpy as np | |
screen_size = 40 | |
theta_spacing = 0.07 | |
phi_spacing = 0.02 | |
illumination = np.fromiter(".,-~:;=!*#$@", dtype="<U1") | |
A = 1 | |
B = 1 | |
R1 = 1 | |
R2 = 2 | |
K2 = 5 | |
K1 = screen_size * K2 * 3 / (8 * (R1 + R2)) | |
def render_frame(A: float, B: float) -> np.ndarray: | |
""" | |
Returns a frame of the spinning 3D donut. | |
Based on the pseudocode from: https://www.a1k0n.net/2011/07/20/donut-math.html | |
""" | |
cos_A = np.cos(A) | |
sin_A = np.sin(A) | |
cos_B = np.cos(B) | |
sin_B = np.sin(B) | |
output = np.full((screen_size, screen_size), " ") # (40, 40) | |
zbuffer = np.zeros((screen_size, screen_size)) # (40, 40) | |
cos_phi = np.cos(phi := np.arange(0, 2 * np.pi, phi_spacing)) # (315,) | |
sin_phi = np.sin(phi) # (315,) | |
cos_theta = np.cos(theta := np.arange(0, 2 * np.pi, theta_spacing)) # (90,) | |
sin_theta = np.sin(theta) # (90,) | |
circle_x = R2 + R1 * cos_theta # (90,) | |
circle_y = R1 * sin_theta # (90,) | |
x = (np.outer(cos_B * cos_phi + sin_A * sin_B * sin_phi, circle_x) - circle_y * cos_A * sin_B).T # (90, 315) | |
y = (np.outer(sin_B * cos_phi - sin_A * cos_B * sin_phi, circle_x) + circle_y * cos_A * cos_B).T # (90, 315) | |
z = ((K2 + cos_A * np.outer(sin_phi, circle_x)) + circle_y * sin_A).T # (90, 315) | |
ooz = np.reciprocal(z) # Calculates 1/z | |
xp = (screen_size / 2 + K1 * ooz * x).astype(int) # (90, 315) | |
yp = (screen_size / 2 - K1 * ooz * y).astype(int) # (90, 315) | |
L1 = (((np.outer(cos_phi, cos_theta) * sin_B) - cos_A * np.outer(sin_phi, cos_theta)) - sin_A * sin_theta) # (315, 90) | |
L2 = cos_B * (cos_A * sin_theta - np.outer(sin_phi, cos_theta * sin_A)) # (315, 90) | |
L = np.around(((L1 + L2) * 8)).astype(int).T # (90, 315) | |
mask_L = L >= 0 # (90, 315) | |
chars = illumination[L] # (90, 315) | |
for i in range(90): | |
mask = mask_L[i] & (ooz[i] > zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]]) # (315,) | |
zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]] = np.where(mask, ooz[i], zbuffer[xp[i], yp[i]]) | |
output[xp[i], yp[i]] = np.where(mask, chars[i], output[xp[i], yp[i]]) | |
return output | |
def pprint(array: np.ndarray) -> None: | |
"""Pretty print the frame.""" | |
print(*[" ".join(row) for row in array], sep="\n") | |
if __name__ == "__main__": | |
for _ in range(screen_size * screen_size): | |
A += theta_spacing | |
B += phi_spacing | |
print("\x1b[H") | |
pprint(render_frame(A, B)) |
Thank you very much, iijwpy! I enjoy my donut much better now. Stay blessed!
miih cant run it
My doughnut is not spinning :(. I'm getting snapshots for each timestamp.
if youre using VS code , then you have to put the terminal on fullscreen when you run the code. (click the red circled button in the pic attached). And it runs smoothly
for me terminal dosent show up anything after running it yk how to fix?
Tap on the blue circled button then you will see the terminal
Nice
Nice
thnx :)
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@Duxedough
For sure! Follow this instructions:
Complete "slowed" code :