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| # Backend Engineering Fundamentals: The Master Checklist | |
| ## Pillar 1: The Internet & Communication | |
| The foundational rules of how data moves across the web. | |
| * **HTTP/HTTPS Lifecycle** | |
| * **DNS Resolution:** How a domain name (like `google.com`) is translated into an IP address. | |
| * **TCP Handshake:** The 3-way handshake (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK) that establishes a reliable connection. | |
| * **TLS/SSL Handshake:** How HTTPS encrypts data in transit to prevent packet sniffing. | |
| * **The Request/Response Cycle:** The anatomy of an HTTP request (Method, Headers, Body) and response (Status Code, Headers, Body). |