Asynchronous Triggers Using Service Broker (more info: https://eitanblumin.com/2018/10/31/advanced-service-broker-sample-asynchronous-triggers/ )

Asynchronous_Triggers_ServiceBroker_Example.sql

USE AdventureWorks2008R2
GO
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
IF OBJECT_ID('Purchasing.usp_AT_uPurchaseOrderDetail', 'P') IS NOT NULL
	DROP PROCEDURE Purchasing.usp_AT_uPurchaseOrderDetail;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE Purchasing.usp_AT_uPurchaseOrderDetail
	@inserted	XML,
	@deleted	XML = NULL
AS
    SET NOCOUNT ON;

    BEGIN TRY
        IF EXISTS ( SELECT NULL FROM @inserted.nodes('inserted/row') AS T(X) )
        BEGIN
			-- Insert record into TransactionHistory 
            INSERT INTO [Production].[TransactionHistory]
                ([ProductID]
                ,[ReferenceOrderID]
                ,[ReferenceOrderLineID]
                ,[TransactionType]
                ,[TransactionDate]
                ,[Quantity]
                ,[ActualCost])
            SELECT 
                inserted.[ProductID]
                ,inserted.[PurchaseOrderID]
                ,inserted.[PurchaseOrderDetailID]
                ,'P'
                ,GETDATE()
                ,inserted.[OrderQty]
                ,inserted.[UnitPrice]
            FROM
            (
				SELECT
					  X.query('.').value('(row/PurchaseOrderID)[1]', 'int') AS PurchaseOrderID
					, X.query('.').value('(row/PurchaseOrderDetailID)[1]', 'int') AS PurchaseOrderDetailID
					, X.query('.').value('(row/ProductID)[1]', 'int') AS ProductID
					, X.query('.').value('(row/OrderQty)[1]', 'smallint') AS OrderQty
					, X.query('.').value('(row/UnitPrice)[1]', 'money') AS UnitPrice
				FROM @inserted.nodes('inserted/row') AS T(X)
			) AS inserted 
            INNER JOIN [Purchasing].[PurchaseOrderDetail] 
            ON inserted.[PurchaseOrderID] = [Purchasing].[PurchaseOrderDetail].[PurchaseOrderID];

            -- Update SubTotal in PurchaseOrderHeader record. Note that this causes the 
            -- PurchaseOrderHeader trigger to fire which will update the RevisionNumber.
            UPDATE [Purchasing].[PurchaseOrderHeader]
            SET [Purchasing].[PurchaseOrderHeader].[SubTotal] = 
                (SELECT SUM([Purchasing].[PurchaseOrderDetail].[LineTotal])
                    FROM [Purchasing].[PurchaseOrderDetail]
                    WHERE [Purchasing].[PurchaseOrderHeader].[PurchaseOrderID] 
                        = [Purchasing].[PurchaseOrderDetail].[PurchaseOrderID])
            WHERE [Purchasing].[PurchaseOrderHeader].[PurchaseOrderID] 
                IN (
					SELECT inserted.[PurchaseOrderID]
					FROM (
							SELECT
								  X.query('.').value('(row/PurchaseOrderID)[1]', 'int') AS PurchaseOrderID
							FROM @inserted.nodes('inserted/row') AS T(X)
						) AS inserted
					);

            UPDATE [Purchasing].[PurchaseOrderDetail]
            SET [Purchasing].[PurchaseOrderDetail].[ModifiedDate] = GETDATE()
            FROM (
					SELECT
						  X.query('.').value('(row/PurchaseOrderID)[1]', 'int') AS PurchaseOrderID
						, X.query('.').value('(row/PurchaseOrderDetailID)[1]', 'int') AS PurchaseOrderDetailID
					FROM @inserted.nodes('inserted/row') AS T(X)
				) AS inserted
            WHERE inserted.[PurchaseOrderID] = [Purchasing].[PurchaseOrderDetail].[PurchaseOrderID]
                AND inserted.[PurchaseOrderDetailID] = [Purchasing].[PurchaseOrderDetail].[PurchaseOrderDetailID];
        END;
    END TRY
    BEGIN CATCH
        -- Since we're in an Asynchronous Trigger, rolling back an update operation
        -- is a lot more complicated than in a regular trigger.
        -- For now, for this scenario we'll take the risk of having partial data.

        EXECUTE [dbo].[uspLogError];
    END CATCH;
GO
ALTER TRIGGER [Purchasing].[uPurchaseOrderDetail] ON [Purchasing].[PurchaseOrderDetail] 
AFTER UPDATE AS 
BEGIN
    DECLARE @Count int;

    SET @Count = @@ROWCOUNT;
    IF @Count = 0 
        RETURN;

    SET NOCOUNT ON;

    BEGIN TRY
        IF UPDATE([ProductID]) OR UPDATE([OrderQty]) OR UPDATE([UnitPrice])
        BEGIN
			DECLARE
				@inserted	XML,
				@deleted	XML;
			
			SELECT @inserted =
				( SELECT * FROM inserted FOR XML PATH('row'), ROOT('inserted') );
			
			SELECT @deleted = 
				( SELECT * FROM deleted FOR XML PATH('row'), ROOT('deleted') );
			
			EXECUTE SB_AT_Fire_Trigger 'Purchasing.usp_AT_uPurchaseOrderDetail', @inserted, @deleted;
			
        END;
    END TRY
    BEGIN CATCH
        EXECUTE [dbo].[uspPrintError];

        -- Rollback any active or uncommittable transactions before
        -- inserting information in the ErrorLog
        IF @@TRANCOUNT > 0
        BEGIN
            ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;
        END

        EXECUTE [dbo].[uspLogError];
    END CATCH;
END;
GO
/*
====================================================

					Test script

====================================================
*/
-- See the data before the update
SELECT *
FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderDetail
WHERE PurchaseOrderID = 8

-- Update the data without actually performing any change
UPDATE
	Purchasing.PurchaseOrderDetail
SET ProductID = ProductID
WHERE PurchaseOrderID = 8

-- Wait 5 seconds
WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:05';

-- See the updated data (ModifiedDate should be updated)
SELECT *
FROM Purchasing.PurchaseOrderDetail
WHERE PurchaseOrderID = 8
GO

SELECT *
FROM SB_AT_ServiceBrokerLogs

SELECT *
FROM sys.conversation_endpoints

/* -- cleanup closed conversations (SQL Server eventually does this automatically)
declare @q uniqueidentifier;
select @q = conversation_handle from sys.conversation_endpoints where state='CD';
end conversation @q with cleanup
*/

Asynchronous_Triggers_ServiceBroker_Setup.sql

/*
===========================================================================
Service Broker Sample 2: Asynchronous Triggers
===========================================================================
 This script creates a set of objects that allow
 the easy implementation and usage of Asynchronous Triggers.
 Usage:
	1. Run this script on the database where you want the asynchronous trigger(s).
	
	2. Create a stored procedure which will receive the following two parameters:
		@inserted XML,
		@deleted XML
	   This procedure will be responsible for parsing the inserted/deleted data
	   and executing the actual trigger logic based on that data.
	   
	3. Inside the actual table trigger, use the following code:
			DECLARE
				@inserted	XML,
				@deleted	XML;
				
			SELECT @inserted =
				( SELECT * FROM inserted FOR XML PATH('row'), ROOT('inserted') );
			
			SELECT @deleted = 
				( SELECT * FROM deleted FOR XML PATH('row'), ROOT('deleted') );
			
			EXECUTE SB_AT_Fire_Trigger '{YourProcedureName}', @inserted, @deleted;
		
	   But replace {YourProcedureName} with the name of the procedure you've
	   created in step 2.
	   
You may review script SB_AT_Sample for an AdventureWorks2008R2 example.
===========================================================================
Copyright:	Eitan Blumin (C) 2013
Email:		eitan@madeira.co.il
Source:		www.madeira.co.il
Disclaimer:
	The author is not responsible for any damage this
	script or any of its variations may cause.
	Do not execute it or any variations of it on production
	environments without first verifying its validity
	on controlled testing and/or QA environments.
	You may use this script at your own risk and may change it
	to your liking, as long as you leave this disclaimer header
	fully intact and unchanged.
===========================================================================
*/
-- Creation of the table to hold SB logs
IF OBJECT_ID('SB_AT_ServiceBrokerLogs') IS NULL
BEGIN
	CREATE TABLE SB_AT_ServiceBrokerLogs
	(
		LogID			BIGINT		IDENTITY(1,1)	NOT NULL,
		LogDate			DATETIME					NOT NULL DEFAULT (GETDATE()),
		SPID			INT							NOT NULL DEFAULT (@@SPID),
		ProgramName		NVARCHAR(255)				NOT NULL DEFAULT (APP_NAME()),
		HostName		NVARCHAR(255)				NOT NULL DEFAULT (HOST_NAME()),
		ErrorSeverity	INT							NOT NULL DEFAULT (0),
		ErrorMessage	NVARCHAR(MAX)				NULL,
		ErrorLine		INT							NULL,
		ErrorProc		SYSNAME						NOT NULL DEFAULT (COALESCE(ERROR_PROCEDURE(),OBJECT_NAME(@@PROCID),'<unknown>')),
		QueueMessage	XML							NULL,
		PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED (LogID)
	);
	CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX IX_SB_AT_ServiceBrokerLogs ON SB_AT_ServiceBrokerLogs (LogDate ASC) WITH FILLFACTOR=100;
	PRINT 'Table SB_AT_ServiceBrokerLogs Created';
END
ELSE
	TRUNCATE TABLE SB_AT_ServiceBrokerLogs
GO
IF OBJECT_ID('SB_AT_HandleQueue') IS NOT NULL DROP PROCEDURE SB_AT_HandleQueue
RAISERROR(N'Creating SB_AT_HandleQueue...',0,0) WITH NOWAIT;
GO
-- This procedure is activated to handle each item in the Request queue
CREATE PROCEDURE SB_AT_HandleQueue
AS
	SET NOCOUNT ON;
	SET ARITHABORT ON
	DECLARE @msg XML
	DECLARE @DlgId UNIQUEIDENTIFIER
	DECLARE @Info nvarchar(max)
	DECLARE @ErrorsCount int
	SET @ErrorsCount = 0

	-- Set whether to log verbose status messages before and after each operation
	DECLARE @Verbose BIT = 1
	
	-- Allow 10 retries in case of service broker errors
	WHILE @ErrorsCount < 10
	BEGIN
		
		BEGIN TRANSACTION
		BEGIN TRY
			-- Make sure queue is active
			IF EXISTS (SELECT NULL FROM sys.service_queues 
					   WHERE NAME = 'SB_AT_Request_Queue'
					   AND is_receive_enabled = 0)
				ALTER QUEUE SB_AT_Request_Queue WITH STATUS = ON;

			-- handle one message at a time
			WAITFOR
			(
				RECEIVE TOP(1)
					@msg		= convert(xml,message_body),
					@DlgId		= conversation_handle
				FROM dbo.SB_AT_Request_Queue
			);
			
			-- exit when waiting has been timed out
			IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0
			BEGIN
				IF @@TRANCOUNT > 0
					ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;
				BREAK;
			END
			
			-- Retreive data from xml message
			DECLARE
				@ProcedureName	VARCHAR(1000),
				@inserted		XML,
				@deleted		XML
			
			SELECT
				@ProcedureName		= x.value('(/Request/ProcedureName)[1]','VARCHAR(1000)'),
				@inserted			= x.query('/Request/inserted/inserted'),
				@deleted			= x.query('/Request/deleted/deleted')
			FROM @msg.nodes('/Request') AS T(x);
			
			-- Log operation start
			IF @Verbose = 1
				INSERT INTO SB_AT_ServiceBrokerLogs(ErrorSeverity,ErrorMessage,QueueMessage)
				VALUES(0,'Starting Process',@msg);
			
			-- Encapsulate execution in TRY..CATCH
			-- to catch errors in the specific request
			BEGIN TRY
			
				-- Execute Request
				EXEC @ProcedureName @inserted, @deleted;
			
			END TRY
			BEGIN CATCH
			
				-- log operation fail
				INSERT INTO SB_AT_ServiceBrokerLogs(ErrorSeverity,ErrorMessage,ErrorLine,ErrorProc,QueueMessage)
				VALUES(ERROR_SEVERITY(),ERROR_MESSAGE(),ERROR_LINE(),ERROR_PROCEDURE(),@msg);
				
			END CATCH
			
			-- commit
			IF @@TRANCOUNT > 0
				COMMIT TRANSACTION;
			
			-- Log operation end
			IF @Verbose = 1
				INSERT INTO SB_AT_ServiceBrokerLogs(ErrorSeverity,ErrorMessage,ErrorProc,QueueMessage)
				VALUES(0,'Finished Process',OBJECT_NAME(@@PROCID),@msg);
			
			-- Close dialogue
			END CONVERSATION @DlgId;

			-- reset xml message
			SET @msg = NULL;
		END TRY
		BEGIN CATCH
		
			-- rollback transaction
			-- this will also rollback the extraction of the message from the queue
			IF @@TRANCOUNT > 0
				ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;
			
			-- log operation fail
			INSERT INTO SB_AT_ServiceBrokerLogs(ErrorSeverity,ErrorMessage,ErrorLine,ErrorProc,QueueMessage)
			VALUES(ERROR_SEVERITY(),ERROR_MESSAGE(),ERROR_LINE(),ERROR_PROCEDURE(),@msg);
			
			-- increase error counter
			SET @ErrorsCount = @ErrorsCount + 1;
			
			-- wait 5 seconds before retrying
			WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:05'
		END CATCH
	
	END
GO
IF OBJECT_ID('SB_AT_CloseDialogs') IS NOT NULL DROP PROCEDURE SB_AT_CloseDialogs
RAISERROR(N'Creating SB_AT_CloseDialogs...',0,0) WITH NOWAIT;
GO
-- This procedure is activated to handle each item in the Response queue
CREATE PROCEDURE SB_AT_CloseDialogs
AS
	SET NOCOUNT ON;
	SET ARITHABORT ON
	DECLARE @MsgType SYSNAME
	DECLARE @msg XML
	DECLARE @DlgId UNIQUEIDENTIFIER
	DECLARE @Info nvarchar(max)
	DECLARE @ErrorsCount int
	SET @ErrorsCount = 0
	
	-- Set whether to log verbose status messages before and after each operation
	DECLARE @Verbose BIT = 0

	-- Allow 10 retries in case of service broker errors
	WHILE @ErrorsCount < 10
	BEGIN
		
		BEGIN TRY
			-- Make sure queue is active
			IF EXISTS (SELECT NULL FROM sys.service_queues 
					   WHERE NAME = 'SB_AT_Response_Queue'
					   AND is_receive_enabled = 0)
				ALTER QUEUE SB_AT_Response_Queue WITH STATUS = ON;

			-- handle one message at a time
			WAITFOR
			(
				RECEIVE TOP(1)
					@msg		= CONVERT(xml, message_body),
					@MsgType	= message_type_name,
					@DlgId		= conversation_handle
				FROM dbo.SB_AT_Response_Queue
			);
			
			-- exit when waiting has been timed out
			IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0
				BREAK;
			
			-- If message type is end dialog or error, end the conversation
			IF (@MsgType = N'http://schemas.microsoft.com/SQL/ServiceBroker/EndDialog' OR
				@MsgType = N'http://schemas.microsoft.com/SQL/ServiceBroker/Error')
			BEGIN
				END CONVERSATION @DlgId;

				IF @Verbose = 1
					INSERT INTO SB_AT_ServiceBrokerLogs(ErrorSeverity,ErrorMessage,ErrorProc,QueueMessage)
					VALUES(0,'Ended Conversation ' + CONVERT(nvarchar(max),@DlgId),OBJECT_NAME(@@PROCID),@msg);
			END
			ELSE IF @Verbose = 1
				INSERT INTO SB_AT_ServiceBrokerLogs(ErrorSeverity,ErrorMessage,ErrorProc,QueueMessage)
				VALUES(0,'Unknown Message from ' + CONVERT(nvarchar(max),@DlgId),OBJECT_NAME(@@PROCID),@msg);

			-- reset variables
			SET @MsgType = NULL;
			SET @msg = NULL;
		END TRY
		BEGIN CATCH
		
			-- log operation fail
			INSERT INTO SB_AT_ServiceBrokerLogs(ErrorSeverity,ErrorMessage,ErrorLine,ErrorProc)
			VALUES(ERROR_SEVERITY(),ERROR_MESSAGE(),ERROR_LINE(),ERROR_PROCEDURE());
			
			-- increase error counter
			SET @ErrorsCount = @ErrorsCount + 1;
			
			-- wait 5 seconds before retrying
			WAITFOR DELAY '00:00:05'
		END CATCH
	
	END
GO
DECLARE @SQL nvarchar(max)

-- Enable service broker
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.databases WHERE database_id = DB_ID() AND is_broker_enabled = 0)
BEGIN
	SET @SQL = 'ALTER DATABASE [' + DB_NAME() + '] SET NEW_BROKER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE';
	EXEC(@SQL);
	PRINT 'Enabled Service Broker for DB ' + DB_NAME();
END
GO
-- Drop existing objects

IF EXISTS (SELECT NULL FROM sys.services WHERE NAME = '//SB_AT/ProcessReceivingService')
	DROP SERVICE [//SB_AT/ProcessReceivingService];

IF EXISTS (SELECT NULL FROM sys.services WHERE NAME = '//SB_AT/ProcessStartingService')
	DROP SERVICE [//SB_AT/ProcessStartingService];
	
IF EXISTS (SELECT NULL FROM sys.service_queues WHERE NAME = 'SB_AT_Request_Queue')
	DROP QUEUE dbo.SB_AT_Request_Queue;

IF EXISTS (SELECT NULL FROM sys.service_queues WHERE NAME = 'SB_AT_Response_Queue')
	DROP QUEUE dbo.SB_AT_Response_Queue;
	
IF EXISTS (SELECT NULL FROM sys.service_contracts WHERE NAME = '//SB_AT/Contract')
	DROP CONTRACT [//SB_AT/Contract];

IF EXISTS (SELECT NULL FROM sys.service_message_types WHERE name='//SB_AT/Message')
	DROP MESSAGE TYPE [//SB_AT/Message];
GO
-- Create service broker objects

RAISERROR(N'Creating Message Type...',0,0) WITH NOWAIT;
CREATE MESSAGE TYPE [//SB_AT/Message]
	VALIDATION = WELL_FORMED_XML;

RAISERROR(N'Creating Contract...',0,0) WITH NOWAIT;
CREATE CONTRACT [//SB_AT/Contract] 
	([//SB_AT/Message] SENT BY ANY);

RAISERROR(N'Creating Response Queue...',0,0) WITH NOWAIT;
CREATE QUEUE dbo.SB_AT_Response_Queue
	WITH STATUS=ON,
	ACTIVATION (
		PROCEDURE_NAME = SB_AT_CloseDialogs,	-- sproc to run when queue receives message
		MAX_QUEUE_READERS = 10,					-- max concurrent instances
		EXECUTE AS SELF
		);	

RAISERROR(N'Creating Request Queue...',0,0) WITH NOWAIT;
CREATE QUEUE dbo.SB_AT_Request_Queue
	WITH STATUS=ON,
	ACTIVATION (
		PROCEDURE_NAME = SB_AT_HandleQueue,		-- sproc to run when queue receives message
		MAX_QUEUE_READERS = 10,					-- max concurrent instances
		EXECUTE AS SELF
		);
		
RAISERROR(N'Creating Recieving Service...',0,0) WITH NOWAIT;
CREATE SERVICE [//SB_AT/ProcessReceivingService]
	AUTHORIZATION dbo
ON QUEUE dbo.SB_AT_Request_Queue ([//SB_AT/Contract]);

RAISERROR(N'Creating Sending Service...',0,0) WITH NOWAIT;
CREATE SERVICE [//SB_AT/ProcessStartingService]
	AUTHORIZATION dbo
ON QUEUE dbo.SB_AT_Response_Queue ([//SB_AT/Contract]);
GO
IF OBJECT_ID('SB_AT_Fire_Trigger') IS NOT NULL DROP PROCEDURE SB_AT_Fire_Trigger;
RAISERROR(N'Creating SB_AT_Fire_Trigger...',0,0) WITH NOWAIT;
GO
-- This procedure sends items to the queue for asynchronous triggers
CREATE PROCEDURE SB_AT_Fire_Trigger
	@ProcedureName	VARCHAR(1000),
	@inserted		XML = NULL,
	@deleted		XML = NULL
AS
	SET NOCOUNT ON;

	DECLARE @msg XML
	
	-- build the XML message
	SET @msg = (SELECT
					ProcedureName	= @ProcedureName,
					inserted		= @inserted,
					deleted			= @deleted
				FOR XML PATH('Request'))
	
	DECLARE @DlgId UNIQUEIDENTIFIER
	
	BEGIN DIALOG @DlgId
		FROM SERVICE [//SB_AT/ProcessStartingService]
		TO SERVICE '//SB_AT/ProcessReceivingService',
		'CURRENT DATABASE'
		ON CONTRACT [//SB_AT/Contract]
	WITH ENCRYPTION = OFF;
	
	-- send the message
	SEND ON CONVERSATION @DlgId
	MESSAGE TYPE [//SB_AT/Message] (@msg);
	
	PRINT N'Started SB_AT process on dialogId ' + ISNULL(convert(varchar(100),@DlgId),'(null)');
	
GO

Hi @EitanBlumin , sproc SB_AT_HandleQueue is erroring, not sure why? It has to do with that end conversation inside the try/catch.

This worked: use the sproc below instead of END CONVERSATION @handle in your sproc SB_AT_HandleQueue . I'm on SQL SERVER 2014.

create procedure SB_AT_EndConversation (
    @handle uniqueidentifier
)
As
begin
    declare @sql varchar(8000) = 'end conversation ''' +  convert(varchar(max),@handle) + '''';
    exec (@sql)
end