Europia79/nes.sh

## nes.sh
#!/bin/bash
# NES Flips Wrapper by Europia79
##########################################
#                 README                 #
##########################################
# (1) This script requires Linux, Mac, or Git-for-Windows:
#		https://gitforwindows.org/
#		https://git-scm.com/download/win
# (2) This script also requires Floating IPS (flips) v1.31:
#		https://github.com/Alcaro/Flips
#		https://www.romhacking.net/utilities/1040/
#		https://www.smwcentral.net/?a=details&id=11474&p=section
# (3) Add the flips directory to your PATH environment variable:
#		https://gist.github.com/nex3/c395b2f8fd4b02068be37c961301caa7
# (4) Alternatively, if you cannot change your PATH environment, then
#       you can instead, copy flips to your ~/Git/usr/bin/ folder.
##########################################
#                CONSTANTS1              #
##########################################
# add line numbers in debug mode (bash set -x ./nes.sh):
PS4='+ \e[0;33m${LINENO}\e[0m::'
# echo "${D2B[$(( x & 0x80 ))]}"
D2B=({0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1}{0..1})
#  7z??'.="37 7A BC AF 27 1C"
CMAGIC_7Z="377ABCAF271C"
#     PK..="50 4B 03 04"
CMAGIC_ZIP="504B0304"
#     BPS1="42 50 53 31"
PMAGIC_BPS="42505331"
#     UPS1="55 50 53 31"
PMAGIC_UPS="55505331"
#      XDELTA="D6 C3 C4 00"
PMAGIC_XDELTA="D6C3C400"
#   NINJA2="4E 49 4E 4A 41 32"
PMAGIC_RUP="4E494E4A4132"
#     NES.="4E 45 53 1A"
RMAGIC_NES="4E45531A"
#     FDS.="46 44 53 1A"
RMAGIC_FDS="4644531A"
#     UNIF="55 4E 49 46"
RMAGIC_UNF="554E4946"
global_args=("$@")
declare -i arg_count_nes_cli=0
declare -a CLEANUP_FILES=()
# grep -n "^function " nes.sh | sed 's/^/# /g' | sed 's/:function /::/g' | sed 's/() {/()::/g'
##########################################
#         FUNCTION MENU: (Ctl+G)         #
##########################################
# 138::pause()::
# 143::close()::
# 152::close_now()::
# 158::close_delay()::
# 163::pipeout()::
# 168::die()::
# 172::die_now()::
# 177::die_delay()::
# 182::cleanupValidation()::
# 189::cleanup()::
# 195::onExit()::
# 205::displayFunctionMenu()::
# 209::displayVersion()::
# 222::displayHelp()::
# 276::displayCompressionSupport()::
# 286::displayPatchSupport()::
# 295::displayRomSupport()::
# 314::showAllFileTypes()::
# 336::ERROR_INVALID_FILE_FOR()::
# 349::ERROR_INVALID_BPS()::
# 353::ERROR_INVALID_NES()::
# 357::ERROR_INVALID_FDS()::
# 360::get_bytesize()::
# 363::is_16bytes()::
# 366::has_rom_header()::
# 369::is_rom_header()::
# 373::get_magic_num()::
# 376::has_zip_magic()::
# 379::has_bps_magic()::
# 382::has_nes_magic()::
# 385::has_fds_magic()::
# 388::has_unf_magic()::
# 391::has_tmp_ext()::
# 394::has_bps_ext()::
# 397::has_nes_ext()::
# 400::has_fds_ext()::
# 403::has_unf_ext()::
# 406::is_zip()::
# 409::is_bps()::
# 413::is_nes()::
# 416::is_fds()::
# 419::is_unf()::
# 422::extract_bps_crc32()::
# 425::extract_ups_crc32()::
# 428::extract_zip_crc32()::
# 431::calculate_crc32()::
# 434::get_crc32()::
# 443::get_nes_hashes()::
# 451::get_nes_hash()::
# 456::get_hash()::
# 459::get_all_hashes()::
# 468::parseInput()::
# 481::parseFullpath()::
# 506::getFile()::
# 513::getDirectory()::
# 520::getBase()::
# 527::getExtention()::
# 534::getFileTypeExt()::
# 581::isFileType()::
# 596::getFileType()::
# 610::encode_header()::
# 646::decode_header()::
# 677::get_bps_header()::
# 684::get_nes_header_hex()::
# 696::get_nes_header_binary()::
# 702::get_header()::
# 715::save_romheader_tofile()::
# 744::get_temp_no_header()::
# 764::echo_header()::
# 780::print_header()::
# 784::echo_manifest()::
# 797::print_manifest()::
# 800::has_manifest()::
# 803::save_manifest()::
# 815::insert_manifest()::
# 820::insert_header()::
# 823::insert_from()::
# 828::insert()::
# 839::apply_patch()::
# 878::create_patch()::
# 911::windows_fix()::
# 933::getFileType_ReturnValues_Comment()::
# 988::FILETYPE_CONSTANTS()::
# 1094::require_args()::
# 1097::onStartupClientsideValidation()::
##########################################
#            CONTROL FUNCTIONS           #
##########################################
# PAUSE
function pause() {
	read -rsn1 -p "Press any key to continue..."
	echo ""
}
# CLOSE
function close() {
	if [ $# -eq 0 ]
	then
		close_now $?
	else
		close_now $1
	fi
}
# CLOSE_NOW
function close_now() {
	local status=0
	if [ -n "$1" ] && (( $1 + 0  > 0 )); then status=$1; fi
	exit $status
}
# CLOSE_DELAY
function close_delay() {
	pause
	close $1
}
# PIPEOUT
function pipeout() {
	printf "%s" $*
	close 0
}
# DIE
function die() {
	die_now "$1"
}
# DIE_NOW
function die_now() {
	printf "Aborted: %s\n" "$"; echo ""
	close 1
}
# DIE_DELAY
function die_delay() {
	printf "Aborted: %s\n" "$1"; echo ""
	pause
	close 1
}
function cleanupValidation() {
	printf "\e[1;36m"
	find . -type f -name "*.tmp" -printf "WARNING: Not removed: %p\n"
	find . -type f -name "header*" -printf "WARNING: Not removed: %p\n"
	printf "\e[0m"
}
# Remove specific files before dying onError/onExit.
function cleanup() {
	for cfile in "$@"
	do
		rm -vf -- "${cfile}"
	done
}
function onExit() {
	printf "\e[1;33m%s\e[1;31m\n" "onExit() cleanup..." >&2
	cleanup "${CLEANUP_FILES[@]}"
	printf "\e[1;33m%s\e[0m\n" "...done." >&2
	cleanupValidation
} >&2
trap onExit EXIT
##########################################
#            DISPLAY METHODS             #
##########################################
function displayFunctionMenu() {
	grep -n "^function " nes.sh | sed 's/^/# /g' | sed 's/:function /::/g' | sed 's/() {/()::/g'
}
# displayVersion
function displayVersion() {
cat << VERSION_EOF
Flips NES Wrapper: (nes.sh): by Europia79
./nes.sh revision: r1.31
       for
----flips version: v1.31

You have Floating IPS (flips) version:

VERSION_EOF
flips --version
}
# displayHelp
function displayHelp() {
cat << HELP_EOF
Allows the use of a BPS manifest to save & restore NES headers:
Which allows patches to automatically & seemlessly work with ANY NES ROM.

Usage:
  ./nes.sh [options] [--] <parameters>

Options:
  -a, --apply             apply patch (w/ automatic NES header detection)
  -c, --create            create patch (w/ automatic NES header detection)
  -d, --has-header
  -e, --echo-header       echo entire BPS Header in DEBUG format
  -f, --echo-manifest     echo only BPS manifest metadata as Hex
  -g, --get-filetype      print filetype for given File
  -i, --is-filetype       compare filetype for File with given type
  -j, --get-alltypes      print all supported filetypes for Patches, ROMs, & Compression
  -n, --insert-manifest   insert manifest (as header) into a ROM
  -p, --print-manifest    print manifest from patch file
  -q, --has-manifest
  -r, --print-header      decode & print BPS patch file header
  -s, --save-manifest     save manifest to file [header.nes]
  -t, --get-temp          given Rom.nes, creates Rom.tmp without a header
  -x, --get-hash          extract CRC32 from .bps OR calculate for file
  -z, --get-all-hashes    prints all hash info for every every file given
  -h, --help              display this help
  -u, --menu              display all functions & methods
  -v, --version           display the version

Example: Create Patch:
  ./nes.sh -c Baserom.nes Hack.nes Patch.bps
  --Detects NES Header & saves it into the Patch.bps manifest.

Example: Apply Patch:
  ./nes.sh -a Patch.bps Baserom.nes Hack.nes
  --Automatically detects manifest in Patch.bps.
  --Automatically & temporarily removes header from Baserom.nes (if necessary).
  --Automatically applies header (from manifest) to Hack.nes.

Other Examples:
  ./nes.sh -e Patch.bps
  ./nes.sh -p Patch.bps
  ./nes.sh -s Patch.bps <header.nes>
  ./nes.sh -i 'Baserom.ext' nes && echo true || echo false

Warning:
  FileType 'nes' refers specifically to Headered NES ROMs (iNes1/iNes2).
  FileType 'nes' does not refer to '.unh' or '.unf': See option -j for more info.

HELP_EOF
}
# DISPLAY FORMAT
dformat=".%-10s %s\n"
# DISPLAY COMPRESSION SUPPORT
function displayCompressionSupport() {
	local -a keys=( $( echo ${!qFILE_TYPE_COM[@]} | tr ' ' $'\n' | sort ) )
	for key in "${keys[@]}"
	do
		local value="${qFILE_TYPE_COM[$key]}"
		# shellcheck disable=SC2059
		printf "$dformat" "$key" "$value"
	done
}
# DISPLAY PATCH SUPPORT
function displayPatchSupport() {
	local -a keys=( $( echo ${!qFILE_TYPE_DIF[@]} | tr ' ' $'\n' | sort ) )
	for key in "${keys[@]}"
	do
		local value="${qFILE_TYPE_DIF[$key]}"
		printf "$dformat" "$key" "$value"
	done
}
# DISPLAY ROM SUPPORT
function displayRomSupport() {
	local -a keys=( $( echo ${!qFILE_TYPE_ROM[@]} | tr ' ' $'\n' | sort ) )
	for key in "${keys[@]}"
	do
		local value="${qFILE_TYPE_ROM[$key]}"
		if [[ $value = "declare -a"* ]]
		then
			eval "$value"
			for k in "${!array[@]}"
			do
				local v="${array[$k]}"
				printf "$dformat" "$key" "$v"
			done
		else
			printf "$dformat" "$key" "$value"
		fi
	done
}
# DISPLAY ALL SUPPORTED FILETYPES
function showAllFileTypes() {
cat << TABLE_HEADER
##########################################
#           -g, --get-filetype           #
##########################################
#-----------------------------------------
file:       type:
TABLE_HEADER
cat << COM_SUPPORT
#------------COMPRESSED-FILES-------------
COM_SUPPORT
displayCompressionSupport
cat << DIF_SUPPORT
#--------------PATCH-FILES----------------
DIF_SUPPORT
displayPatchSupport
cat << ROM_SUPPORT
#----------------ROM-FILES----------------
ROM_SUPPORT
displayRomSupport
}
# ERROR_INVALID_FILE_FOR "calling_function" "${filename}" "${actual_header}" "${expected_header}" ".ext"
function ERROR_INVALID_FILE_FOR() {
cat << FILETYPE_ERROR
'$1():' Invalid $5 file with unknown header:
---------Filename: $2
------File Header: $3
--Expected Header: $4

FILETYPE_ERROR
}
##########################################
#              FILE  METHODS             #
##########################################
# ERROR_INVALID_BPS "calling_function" "${bps_file}" "${bps_header}"
function ERROR_INVALID_BPS() {
	ERROR_INVALID_FILE_FOR "$1" "$2" "$3" "${PMAGIC_BPS}" ".bps"
}
# ERROR_INVALID_NES "calling_function" "${nes_file}" "${nes_header}"
function ERROR_INVALID_NES() {
	ERROR_INVALID_FILE_FOR "$1" "$2" "$3" "${RMAGIC_NES}" ".nes"
}
# ERROR_INVALID_FDS "calling_function" "${fds_file}" "${fds_header}"
function ERROR_INVALID_FDS() {
	ERROR_INVALID_FILE_FOR "$1" "$2" "$3" "${RMAGIC_FDS}" ".fds"
}
function get_bytesize() {
	wc -c < "$1"
}
function is_16bytes() {
	(( $(get_bytesize "$1")+0 == 16 ))
}
function has_rom_header() {
	has_nes_magic "$1" || has_fds_magic "$1"
}
function is_rom_header() {
	has_rom_header "$1" && is_16bytes "$1"
}
# return_val=$(get_magic_num "${file1}")
function get_magic_num() {
	xxd -p -l 4 "$1" | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'
}
function has_zip_magic() {
	[[ ${CMAGIC_ZIP} = $(get_magic_num "$1") ]]
}
function has_bps_magic() {
	[[ ${PMAGIC_BPS} = $(get_magic_num "$1") ]]
}
function has_nes_magic() {
	[[ ${RMAGIC_NES} = $(get_magic_num "$1") ]]
}
function has_fds_magic() {
	[[ ${RMAGIC_FDS} = $(get_magic_num "$1") ]]
}
function has_unf_magic() {
	[[ ${RMAGIC_UNF} = $(get_magic_num "$1") ]]
}
function has_tmp_ext() {
	[[ "tmp" = $(getExtention "$1") ]]
}
function has_bps_ext() {
	[[ "bps" = $(getExtention "$1") ]]
}
function has_nes_ext() {
	[[ "nes" = $(getExtention "$1") ]]
}
function has_fds_ext() {
	[[ "fds" = $(getExtention "$1") ]]
}
function has_unf_ext() {
	[[ "unf" = $(getExtention "$1") ]]
}
function is_zip() {
	has_zip_magic "$1"
}
function is_bps() {
	has_bps_magic "$1"
}
# Only worry about .nes roms that are actually HEADERED.
function is_nes() {
	has_nes_magic "$1"
}
function is_fds() {
	has_fds_magic "$1"
}
function is_unf() {
	has_unf_magic "$1"
}
function extract_bps_crc32() {
	tail -c12 "$1" | xxd -ps -l 4
}
function extract_ups_crc32() {
	tail -c12 "$1" | xxd -ps -l 4
}
function extract_zip_crc32() {
	xxd -ps -s 14 -l 4 "$1"
}
function calculate_crc32() {
	cat "$1" | gzip -1 -c | tail -c8 | xxd -ps -l 4
}
function get_crc32() {
	magic_num=$(get_magic_num "$1")
	case ${magic_num} in
		${PMAGIC_BPS}) extract_bps_crc32 "$1";;
		${PMAGIC_UPS}) extract_ups_crc32 "$1";;
		${CMAGIC_ZIP}) extract_zip_crc32 "$1";;
		*) calculate_crc32 "$1";;
	esac
}
function get_nes_hashes() {
	local -a hashes=()
	hashes[0]=$(calculate_crc32 "$1")
	temp=$(get_temp_no_header "$1")
	hashes[1]=$(calculate_crc32 "${temp}")
	rm -f -- "${temp}"
	declare -p hashes
}
function get_nes_hash() {
	local return_val=$(get_nes_hashes "$1")
	eval "${return_val}"
	echo "${hashes[1]}"
}
function get_hash() {
	get_crc32 "$1"
}
function get_all_hashes() {
	local -n hash_array=$1
	for i in "${!files[@]}"
	do
		local hash=$(get_hash "${files[$i]}")
		hash_array[$i]="${hash}"
	done
}
# Null Check for function arguments: $* $1 $2 etc.
function parseInput() {
	local PARSED_INPUT=""
	if [ -n "$1" ]
	then
		PARSED_INPUT="$1"
	else
		die "$(basename $0): function argument cannot be NULL"
	fi
	echo "${PARSED_INPUT}"
}
# $(parseFullpath _RETURN_VAR "${__INPUT_VAL}")
# _RETURN_VAR: $1 = A named reference to the array used to store the return values.
# __INPUT_VAL: $2 = the input string.
function parseFullpath() {
	local -n returnvar=$1
	local input_path=$(parseInput "$2")
	# Convert backslashes on \Windows\ to foward slashes: /Windows/
	local FULLPATH="${input_path//\\//}"
	# [0] Strip longest match of */ from start
    local file="${FULLPATH##*/}"
	# [1] Substring from 0 thru pos of filename
    local dir="${FULLPATH:0:${#FULLPATH} - ${#file}}"
	[ -z "${dir}" ] && dir="."
	# [2] Strip shortest match of . plus at least one non-dot char from end
    local base="${file%.[^.]*}"
	# [3] If we have an extension and no base, it's really the base
    local ext="${file:${#base} + 1}"
    if [ -z "${base}" ] && [ -n "${ext}" ]
	then
        base=".${ext}"
        ext=""
    fi
	returnvar[0]="${file}"
	returnvar[1]="${dir}"
	returnvar[2]="${base}"
	returnvar[3]="${ext}"
}
# gets the entire Filename including extention.
function getFile() {
	local -a path_array=()
	local file_input=$(parseInput "$1")
	parseFullpath path_array "${file_input}"
	echo "${path_array[0]}"
}
# gets the Directory, or, "." if none.
function getDirectory() {
	local -a path_array=()
	local dir_input=$(parseInput "$1")
	parseFullpath path_array "${dir_input}"
	echo "${path_array[1]}"
}
# get only the base Filename without the extention.
function getBase() {
	local -a path_array=()
	local base_input=$(parseInput "$1")
	parseFullpath path_array "${base_input}"
	echo "${path_array[2]}"
}
# gets the Extention without the period.
function getExtention() {
	local -a path_array=()
	local ext_input=$(parseInput "$1")
	parseFullpath path_array "${ext_input}"
	echo "${path_array[3]}"
}
# Requires a File parameter, but allows a String arg for Testing purposes.
function getFileTypeExt() {
	local T=""
	if [ -f "$1" ]
	then
		T=$(getFileType "$1")
	else
		T="$1"
	fi
	local extension=""
	if [[ $T = data ]]
	then
		extension=$(getExtention "$1")
		echo "${extension}"
		return 0
	fi
	for key in "${!qFILE_TYPE[@]}"
	do
		local val="${qFILE_TYPE[$key]}"
		if [[ ${val} = "declare -a"* ]]
		then
			# re-construct array Object:
			eval "${qFILE_TYPE[$key]}"
			for k in "${!array[@]}"
			do
				val="${array[$k]}"
				if [[ $T = ${val}* ]]
				then
					extension="$key"
					echo "$extension"
					return 0
				fi
			done
		else
			if [[ $T = ${val}* ]]
			then
				extension="$key"
				echo "$extension"
				return 0
			fi
		fi
	done
	extension=$(getExtention "$1")
	echo "$extension"
}
# Remember, type 'nes' specifically refers to an NES ROM with a header !!!
# $(isFileType "$1" bps) && echo "BPS=true" || echo "BPS=false"
# $(isFileType "$2" nes) && echo "NES=true" || echo "NES=false"
function isFileType() {
	local T1=$(getFileType "$1")
	local T2="${qFILE_TYPE[$2]}"
	[[ ${T1} = ${T2}* ]] && return
	if [[ ${T2} = "declare -a"* ]]
	then
		eval "${T2}"
		for element in "${array[@]}"
		do
			[[ ${T1} = ${element}* ]] && return
		done
	fi
	false
}
# Fully qualified FileType with extraneous information:
function getFileType() {
	if [ ! -f "$1" ]; then die "getFileTypeOf() requires a File argument:  Not: $1"; fi
	file -b "$1"
}
##########################################
#            NES/BPS  METHODS            #
##########################################
# -------------------------------------------------------------
# encoded_message=$(encode_header $1 $2 $3)
# $1=${source_size}
# $2=${target_size}
# $3=${mf_size}
# printf "${encoded_message}" | xxd -r -p > bps_header.bin
# -------------------------------------------------------------
function encode_header() {
	local string_data="${PMAGIC_BPS}"
	declare -a encode_array
	read -a encode_array <<< $*
	for value in "${encode_array[@]}"
	do
		local -i data=${value}
		while true
		do
			local -i x=$(( ${data} & 0x7f ))
			let "data >>= 7"
			if [ ${data} = 0 ]
			then
				local -i bits=$((0x80 | ${x}))
				string_data="${string_data}"$(printf '%02X' "${bits}")
				break
			fi
			string_data="${string_data}"$(printf '%02X' "${x}")
			let "data -= 1"
		done
	done
	printf "${string_data}"
	# printf "${string_data}" | xxd -r -p > bps_header.bin
}
# -------------------------------------------------------------
# decoded_message=$(decode_header "${patch_file}")
# declare -a header_array
# read -a header_array <<< ${decoded_message}
# magic_num=${header_array[0]}
# source_size=${header_array[1]}
# target_size=${header_array[2]}
# mf_size=${header_array[3]}
# mf_index=${header_array[4]}
# metadata=$(xxd -p -s ${mf_index} -l ${mf_size} ${patch_file})
# printf "${metadata}" | xxd -r -p > header.nes
# -------------------------------------------------------------
function decode_header() {
	local -a decoded=()
	local bps_file=$1
	local -i index=4
	local bps_header=$(get_magic_num "${bps_file}")
	if [[ ${PMAGIC_BPS} != ${bps_header} ]]
	then
		die $(ERROR_INVALID_BPS "decode_heaer" "${bps_file}" "${bps_header}")
	fi
	decoded[0]="${PMAGIC_BPS}"
	for return_var in {1..3}
	do
		local -i data=0
		local -i shifter=1
		while true
		do
			local -i x=0x$(xxd -p -s ${index} -l 1 "${bps_file}")
			index+=1
			data+=$((( x & 0x7f ) * ${shifter} ))
			if [ $((x & 0x80)) != 0 ]; then break; fi
			shifter=$(( ${shifter} << 7 ))
			data=$(( ${data} + ${shifter} ))
		done
		decoded[${return_var}]=${data}
	done
	decoded[4]=${index}
	echo "${decoded[*]}"
}
# return_message=$(get_bps_header "${bps_file}")
# declare -a header_array
# read -a header_array <<< ${return_message}
function get_bps_header() {
	decoded_message=$(decode_header "$1")
	declare -a bps_header_array
	read -a bps_header_array <<< ${decoded_message}
	echo "${bps_header_array[*]}"
}
# return_val=$(get_nes_header_hex "${romfile_patchfile}")
function get_nes_header_hex() {
	if is_bps "$1" && has_manifest "$1"
	then
		echo_manifest "$1"
		return
	elif has_rom_header "$1"
	then
		xxd -p -l 16 "$1"
		return
	fi
	echo ""
}
function get_nes_header_binary() {
	get_nes_header_hex "$1" | xxd -r -p
}
# return_message=$(get_header "${rom_or_patch_file}")
# declare -a header_array
# read -a header_array <<< ${return_message}
function get_header() {
	magic_num=$(get_magic_num "$1")
	if is_bps "$1" && has_manifest "$1"
	then
		get_bps_header "$1"
	elif has_rom_header "$1"
	then
		get_nes_header_hex "$1"
	else
		echo ""
	fi
}
# INPUT: .bps .nes .fds
function save_romheader_tofile() {
	if [ -z "$1" ]; then echo ""; return; fi
	local temp=""
	if (( $# >= 2 ))
	then
		tmp="$2"
	else
		temp="header.tmp"
	fi
	get_nes_header_binary "$1" > "${temp}"
	local rom_header_file=""
	if has_tmp_ext "${temp}"
	then
		if is_nes "${temp}"
		then
			rom_header_file=$(getBase "${temp}")".nes"
		elif is_fds "${temp}"
		then
			rom_header_file=$(getBase "${temp}")".fds"
		else
			rom_header_file="${temp}"
		fi
	else
		rom_header_file="${temp}"
	fi
	mv -f -- "${temp}" "${rom_header_file}"
	echo "${rom_header_file}"
}
# temp_file=$(get_temp_no_header "${nes_rom}")
function get_temp_no_header() {
	local temp=""
	if [ -z "$1" ]; then die "get_temp_no_header(): Method Failure !!! Bad arg: $1"; fi
	if [ -f "$1" ]
	then
		temp=$(getBase "$1")
		temp+=".tmp"
		if has_rom_header "$1"
		then
			xxd -p -s 16 "$1" | xxd -r -p > "${temp}"
		else
			cp -f -- "$1" "${temp}"
		fi
	else
		temp=$(getBase "$1")".tmp"
		touch "${temp}"
	fi
	echo ${temp}
}
# Implementation for print_header()
function echo_header() {
	decoded_message=$(get_header "$1")
	declare -a bps_hdr
	read -a bps_hdr <<< ${decoded_message}
	echo "File: $1"
	local -i mf_index=${bps_hdr[4]}
	local -i mf_len=${bps_hdr[3]}
	local -i hdr_len=$(( mf_index + mf_len ))
	xxd -l 0x$hdr_len "$1"
	echo "0)----magic-number: ${bps_hdr[0]}"
	echo "1)-----source-size: ${bps_hdr[1]}"
	echo "2)-----target-size: ${bps_hdr[2]}"
	echo "3)---manifest-size: ${bps_hdr[3]}"
	echo "4)--manifest-index: ${bps_hdr[4]}"
}
# ALIAS for echo_header()
function print_header() {
	echo_header "$1"
}
# As String Hex output:
function echo_manifest() {
	decoded_message=$(get_header "$1")
	declare -a header_array
	read -a header_array <<< ${decoded_message}
	magic_num="${header_array[0]}"
	source_size=${header_array[1]}
	target_size=${header_array[2]}
	mf_size=${header_array[3]}
	mf_index=${header_array[4]}
	metadata=$(xxd -p -s ${mf_index} -l ${mf_size} "$1")
	printf "${metadata}"
}
# As Binary Output:
function print_manifest() {
	echo_manifest "$1" | xxd -r -p
}
function has_manifest() {
	[[ -n $(echo_manifest "$1") ]] && true || false
}
function save_manifest() {
	local manifest_file="$1"
	local header_file=""
	if (( $# >= 2 ))
	then
		header_file="$2"
		save_romheader_tofile "$1" "$2"
	else
		header_file=$(save_romheader_tofile "$1")
	fi
	echo "${header_file}"
}
function insert_manifest() {
	header_file=$(save_manifest "$1")
	CLEANUP_FILES+=("${header_file}")
	insert_header "${header_file}" "$2"
}
function insert_header() {
	cat <(xxd -p "$1") <(xxd -p "$2") | xxd -r -p > "$3"
}
function insert_from() {
	hdr=$(save_romheader_tofile "$1")
	CLEANUP_FILES+=("${hdr}")
	insert_header "${hdr}" "$2"
}
function insert() {
	# Check if $2 has a header already
	if is_bps "$1" && has_manifest "$1"; then insert_manifest "$1" "$2" "$3"; return; fi
	if is_rom_header "$1"; then insert_header "$1" "$2" "$3"; return; fi
	if has_rom_header "$1"; then insert_from "$1" "$2" "$3"; return; fi
	die "function insert() requires a bps manifest OR nes header file."
}
##########################################
#          FLIPS WRAPPER METHODS         #
##########################################
# flips -a --manifest=header.nes 'Hack.bps' 'Base.tmp' 'Hack.tmp'
function apply_patch() {
	if ! is_bps "$1"; then die "apply_patch() requires a .bps patch file:  Not $1"; fi
	local patch="$1"
	local baserom="$2"
	local basetmp=$(get_temp_no_header "$2")
	CLEANUP_FILES+=("${basetmp}")
	local hack=""
	if (( $# >= 3 ))
	then
		hack="$3"
	else
		hack=$(getBase "${patch}")
		if has_manifest "${patch}"
		then
			if get_nes_header_binary "${patch}" | is_nes
			then
				hack="${hack}.nes"
			elif get_nes_header_binary "${patch}" | is_fds
			then
				hack="${hack}.fds"
			else
				hack="${hack}."$(getExtention "${baserom}")
			fi
		else
			hack="${hack}."$(getExtention "${baserom}")
		fi
	fi
	hacktmp=$(get_temp_no_header "$hack")
	CLEANUP_FILES+=("${hacktmp}")
	local header="header.tmp"
	flips -a --manifest="${header}" "${patch}" "${basetmp}" "${hacktmp}"
	[ -f "header.nes" ] && CLEANUP_FILES+=("header.tmp")
	if [ ! -f "${hacktmp}" ]; then die "apply_patch() failed on $*"; fi
	if [ ! -f "header.tmp" ]; then header=$(save_manifest "${patch}"); fi
	if [ ! -f "header.tmp" ]; then die "apply_patch(): insert() failed: header.nes does not exist!"; fi
	CLEANUP_FILES+=("${header}")
	insert "${header}" "${hacktmp}" "${hack}"
}
# flips -c --manifest=header.nes 'Base.tmp' 'Hack.tmp' 'Hack.bps'
function create_patch() {
	local baserom="$1"
	local romhack="$2"
	local patchname=""
	if (( $# >= 3 ))
	then
		patchname="$3"
	else
		patchname=$(getBase "${romhack}")".bps"
	fi
	if ! has_bps_ext "${patchname}"; then die "create_patch() failed: Requires .bps file: Not ${patchname}"; fi
	local header=$(save_romheader_tofile "${romhack}")
	CLEANUP_FILES+=("${header}")
	local basetmp=$(get_temp_no_header "${baserom}")
	CLEANUP_FILES+=("${basetmp}")
	local hacktmp=$(get_temp_no_header "${romhack}")
	CLEANUP_FILES+=("${hacktmp}")
	if [ -n "${header}" ] && [ -f "${header}" ]
	then
		flips -c --manifest="${header}" "${basetmp}" "${hacktmp}" "${patchname}"
	else
		flips -c "${basetmp}" "${hacktmp}" "${patchname}"
	fi
}
##########################################
#            WINDOWS BUG FIX             #
##########################################
# Fixes a BUG on Windows:
# Where Drag N Drop changes the working directory to
# C:\Windows\system32
# /c/Windows/system32
# This functions attempts to change it back based on the input of DragNdrop:
# changes=$(windows_fix)
function windows_fix() {
	echo "windows_fix()"
	local THIS_DIR=$(pwd)
	for arg in "${global_args[@]}"
	do
		if [ "/c/Windows/system32" = "${THIS_DIR}" ]
		then
			local temp=$(getDirectory "${arg}")
			if [ -n "${arg}" ] && [ -n "${temp}" ] && [ -d "${temp}" ]
			then
				echo "CHANGING DIRECTORY TO..."
				echo "${temp}"
				THIS_DIR="${temp}"
				cd "${THIS_DIR}"
				pwd
				return 1
			fi
		fi
	done
	return 0
}
# Comment: do-nothing.
function getFileType_ReturnValues_Comment() {
	true
}
##########################################
#       getFileType() return values      #
##########################################
#-----------------------------------------
# input:   Output
#-----------COMPRESSED-FILES--------------
# .7z      7-zip archive data, version 0.4
# .zip     Zip archive data, at least v2.0 to extract, compression method=deflate
#-----------PATCH-FILES-------------------
# .aps
# .bps     BPS patch file
# .ebp     IPS patch file
# .ips     IPS patch file
# .ppf     Playstation Patch File version 3.0, PPF 3.0 patch, Imagetype BIN (any), Blockcheck disabled, Undo data not available, description: FFT: WotL - Valeria 2.2 (PSP USA)
# .rup     data
# .ups     UPS patch file
# .xdelta  VCDIFF binary diff
#-----------ROM-FILES---------------------
# .pce     data
# .nes     NES ROM image (iNES): 8x16k PRG, 0x8k CHR [H-mirror] [SRAM]
# .fds     Famicom Disk System disk image: FMC-ARM, mfr FFFFFFA4 (Rev.00) (2 sides)
# .unh     data
# .unf     NES ROM image (UNIF v7 format)
# .bs      data
# .st      Sufami Turbo ROM image: "\276\260\327\2", ID 010003, series index 1 [FastROM]
# .sfc     data
# .n64     Nintendo 64 ROM image (32-bit byteswapped)
# .v64     Nintendo 64 ROM image (V64)
# .z64     Nintendo 64 ROM image: "SUPER MARIO 64      " (NSME, Rev.00)
# .iso     Nintendo GameCube disc image: "The Legend of Zelda Twilight Princess" (GZ2E01, Rev.00)
# .iso     Nintendo Wii disc image: "SPORTS PACK for REVOLUTION" (RSPE01, Rev.01)
# .wbfs    Nintendo Wii disc image (WBFS format): "SPORTS PACK for REVOLUTION" (RSPE01, Rev.01)
# .gb      Game Boy ROM image: "ZELDA" (Rev.02) [MBC1+RAM+BATT], ROM: 4Mbit, RAM: 64Kbit
# .gbc     Game Boy ROM image: "PM_CRYSTAL" (Rev.01) [CGB ONLY] [MBC3+TIMER+RAM+BATT], ROM: 16Mbit, RAM: 256Kbit
# .gba     Game Boy Advance ROM image: "POKEMON RUBY" (AXVE01, Rev.02)
# .nds     Nintendo DS ROM image: "CASTLEVANIA1" (ACVPA4, Rev.00) (decrypted)
# .gg      Sega Game Gear ROM image: 2408 (Rev.01) (256 KB)
# .sms     Sega Master System ROM image: 7076 (Rev.00) (256 KB)
# .32x     Sega 32X ROM image: "DOOM            " (GM MK-84506-00, (C)SEGA 1994.OCT)
# .68k     Sega Mega Drive / Genesis ROM image: "\377\377\377\377" (\377\377\377\3, \377\377\377\377)
# .bin     Sega Mega Drive / Genesis ROM image: "SONIC THE       " (GM 00001051-02, (C)SEGA 1992.SEP)
# .gen     Sega Mega Drive / Genesis ROM image: "NHL HOCKEY      " (GM T-50236 -00, (C)T-50 1991.MAY)
# .md      Sega Mega Drive / Genesis ROM image: "EA HOCKEY       " (GM T-50236 -50, (C)T-50 1991.JUN)
# .smd     Sega Mega Drive / Genesis ROM image (SMD format): 64x16k blocks, last in series or standalone
# .img     Sega Mega CD disc image: "SOULSTAR        " (GM T-115035-00, (C)T-1151994.NOV), 2352-byte sectors
# .iso     Sega Mega CD disc image: "SOULSTAR        " (GM T-115035-00, (C)T-1151994.NOV), 2048-byte sectors
# .bin     Sega Saturn disc image: "AREA 51                         " (T-9705H   , V1.000) (2352-byte sectors)
# .bin     Sega Dreamcast disc image: "CRAZY TAXI                      " (MK-51035  , V1.004) (2352-byte sectors)
# .iso     UDF filesystem data (version 1.5) 'FINAL_FANTASY_X'
##########################################
#                CONSTANTS2              #
##########################################
function FILETYPE_CONSTANTS() {
	true
}
declare -A qFILE_TYPE
declare -A qFILE_TYPE_COM
declare -A qFILE_TYPE_DIF
declare -A qFILE_TYPE_ROM
qFILE_TYPE_COM["7z"]="7-zip archive"
qFILE_TYPE_COM[zip]="Zip archive"
qFILE_TYPE_DIF[aps]="UNKNOWN: NOT SUPPORTED"
qFILE_TYPE_DIF[bps]="BPS patch file"
qFILE_TYPE_DIF[ebp]="IPS patch file"
qFILE_TYPE_DIF[ips]="IPS patch file"
qFILE_TYPE_DIF[ppf]="Playstation Patch File"
qFILE_TYPE_DIF[rup]="data"
qFILE_TYPE_DIF[ups]="UPS patch file"
qFILE_TYPE_DIF[xdelta]="VCDIFF binary diff"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[pce]="data"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[nes]="NES ROM image (iNES)"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[fds]="Famicom Disk System disk image:"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[unh]="data"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[unf]="NES ROM image (UNIF"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[bs]="data"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[st]="Sufami Turbo ROM image:"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[sfc]="data"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[n64]="Nintendo 64 ROM image (32-bit byteswapped)"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[v64]="Nintendo 64 ROM image (V64)"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[z64]="Nintendo 64 ROM image:"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[wbfs]="Nintendo Wii disc image (WBFS format):"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[gb]="Game Boy ROM image:"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[gbc]="Game Boy ROM image:"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[gba]="Game Boy Advance ROM image:"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[nds]="Nintendo DS ROM image:"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[gg]="Sega Game Gear ROM image:"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[sms]="Sega Master System ROM image:"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM["32x"]="Sega 32X ROM image:"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM["68k"]="Sega Mega Drive / Genesis ROM image:"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[gen]="Sega Mega Drive / Genesis ROM image:"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[md]="Sega Mega Drive / Genesis ROM image:"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[smd]="Sega Mega Drive / Genesis ROM image (SMD format):"
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[img]="Sega Mega CD disc image:"
declare -a array=("Sega Mega Drive / Genesis ROM image:" "Sega Saturn disc image:" "Sega Dreamcast disc image:")
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[bin]=$(declare -p array)
declare -a array=("Nintendo GameCube disc image:" "Nintendo Wii disc image:" "Sega Mega CD disc image:" "UDF filesystem data")
qFILE_TYPE_ROM[iso]=$(declare -p array)
array=()
# re-populate array Object:
# if [ "declare -a" = "${qFILE_TYPE[$key]::10}" ]; then eval "${qFILE_TYPE[$key]}"; fi
# or
# if [[ $value = "declare -a"* ]]; then eval "$value"; ...; fi
for key in "${!qFILE_TYPE_COM[@]}"
do
	qFILE_TYPE[$key]="${qFILE_TYPE_COM[$key]}"
done
for key in "${!qFILE_TYPE_DIF[@]}"
do
	qFILE_TYPE[$key]="${qFILE_TYPE_DIF[$key]}"
done
for key in "${!qFILE_TYPE_ROM[@]}"
do
	qFILE_TYPE[$key]="${qFILE_TYPE_ROM[$key]}"
done
declare -a test_values
test_values+=("7-zip archive data, version 0.4")
test_values+=("Zip archive data, at least v2.0 to extract, compression method=deflate")
test_values+=("BPS patch file")
test_values+=("IPS patch file")
test_values+=("IPS patch file")
test_values+=("Playstation Patch File version 3.0, PPF 3.0 patch, Imagetype BIN (any), Blockcheck disabled, Undo data not available, description: FFT: WotL - Valeria 2.2 (PSP USA)")
test_values+=("data")
test_values+=("UPS patch file")
test_values+=("VCDIFF binary diff")
test_values+=("data")
test_values+=("NES ROM image (iNES): 8x16k PRG, 0x8k CHR [H-mirror] [SRAM]")
test_values+=("Famicom Disk System disk image: FMC-ARM, mfr FFFFFFA4 (Rev.00) (2 sides)")
test_values+=("data")
test_values+=("NES ROM image (UNIF v7 format)")
test_values+=("data")
test_values+=("Sufami Turbo ROM image: \"\276\260\327\2\", ID 010003, series index 1 [FastROM]")
test_values+=("data")
test_values+=("Nintendo 64 ROM image (32-bit byteswapped)")
test_values+=("Nintendo 64 ROM image (V64)")
test_values+=("Nintendo 64 ROM image: \"SUPER MARIO 64      \" (NSME, Rev.00)")
test_values+=("Nintendo GameCube disc image: \"The Legend of Zelda Twilight Princess\" (GZ2E01, Rev.00)")
test_values+=("Nintendo Wii disc image: \"SPORTS PACK for REVOLUTION\" (RSPE01, Rev.01)")
test_values+=("Nintendo Wii disc image (WBFS format): \"SPORTS PACK for REVOLUTION\" (RSPE01, Rev.01)")
test_values+=("Game Boy ROM image: \"ZELDA\" (Rev.02) [MBC1+RAM+BATT], ROM: 4Mbit, RAM: 64Kbit")
test_values+=("Game Boy ROM image: \"PM_CRYSTAL\" (Rev.01) [CGB ONLY] [MBC3+TIMER+RAM+BATT], ROM: 16Mbit, RAM: 256Kbit")
test_values+=("Game Boy Advance ROM image: \"POKEMON RUBY\" (AXVE01, Rev.02)")
test_values+=("Nintendo DS ROM image: \"CASTLEVANIA1\" (ACVPA4, Rev.00) (decrypted)")
test_values+=("Sega Game Gear ROM image: 2408 (Rev.01) (256 KB)")
test_values+=("Sega Master System ROM image: 7076 (Rev.00) (256 KB)")
test_values+=("Sega 32X ROM image: \"DOOM            \" (GM MK-84506-00, (C)SEGA 1994.OCT)")
test_values+=("Sega Mega Drive / Genesis ROM image: \"\377\377\377\377\" (\377\377\377\3, \377\377\377\377)")
test_values+=("Sega Mega Drive / Genesis ROM image: \"SONIC THE       \" (GM 00001051-02, (C)SEGA 1992.SEP)")
test_values+=("Sega Mega Drive / Genesis ROM image: \"NHL HOCKEY      \" (GM T-50236 -00, (C)T-50 1991.MAY)")
test_values+=("Sega Mega Drive / Genesis ROM image: \"EA HOCKEY       \" (GM T-50236 -50, (C)T-50 1991.JUN)")
test_values+=("Sega Mega Drive / Genesis ROM image (SMD format): 64x16k blocks, last in series or standalone")
test_values+=("Sega Mega CD disc image: \"SOULSTAR        \" (GM T-115035-00, (C)T-1151994.NOV), 2352-byte sectors")
test_values+=("Sega Mega CD disc image: \"SOULSTAR        \" (GM T-115035-00, (C)T-1151994.NOV), 2048-byte sectors")
test_values+=("Sega Saturn disc image: \"AREA 51                         \" (T-9705H   , V1.000) (2352-byte sectors)")
test_values+=("Sega Dreamcast disc image: \"CRAZY TAXI                      \" (MK-51035  , V1.004) (2352-byte sectors)")
test_values+=("UDF filesystem data (version 1.5) 'FINAL_FANTASY_X'")
##########################################
#          CLIENT-SIDE METHODS           #
##########################################
function require_args() {
	if [ $arg_count_nes_cli -le $(( $1 - 1 )) ]; then die "Not enough command line arguments (${arg_count_nes_cli}): ${operation}() requires $1"; fi
}
function onStartupClientsideValidation() {
	# command -v xxd
	true
}
##########################################
#                  START                 #
##########################################
onStartupClientsideValidation
#declare -i return_value=$(test_zero)
#echo "return_value=${return_value}"
HACK_DIR="_romhacks"
BASE_DIR="_baseroms"
operation=""
files=()
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]
do
	case $1 in
		-a|--apply)
			operation="apply"
			shift
			;;
		-c|--create)
			operation="create"
			shift
			;;
		-e|--echo-header)
			operation="echo-header"
			shift
			;;
		-f|--echo-manifest)
			operation="echo-manifest"
			shift
			;;
		-g|--get-filetype)
			operation="get-filetype"
			shift
			;;
		-i|--is-filetype)
			operation="is-filetype"
			shift
			;;
		-j|--get-alltypes)
			showAllFileTypes
			pipeout
			shift
			;;
		-n|--insert-manifest)
			operation="insert-manifest"
			shift
			;;
		-p|--print-manifest)
			operation="print-manifest"
			shift
			;;
		-r|--print-header)
			operation="print-header"
			shift
			;;
		-s|--save-manifest)
			operation="save-manifest"
			shift
			;;
		-t|--get-temp)
			operation="get-temp"
			shift
			;;
		-x|--get-hash)
			operation="get-hash"
			shift
			;;
		-z|--get-all-hashes)
			operation="get-all-hashes"
			shift
			;;
		-h|--help) displayHelp; close;;
		-u|--menu) displayFunctionMenu; close;;
		-v|--version) displayVersion; close;;
		-*|--*) displayHelp; die "Unknown option $1";;
		*) files+=("$1"); shift;;
	esac
done
set -- "${files[@]}"
arg_count_nes_cli=$#
##########################################
#              TEST & DEBUG              #
##########################################
# ... tests here ...

require_args 1
case ${operation} in
	echo-header) echo_header "$1"; close;;
	echo-manifest) echo_manifest "$1"; close;;
	get-filetype) getFileType "$1"; close;;
	print-manifest) print_manifest "$1"; close;;
	print-header) print_header "$1"; close;;
	get-temp) get_temp_no_header "$1"; close;;
	get-hash) get_hash "$1"; close;;
	get-all-hashes) get_all_hashes; close;;
esac
#--------------------------------------------
require_args 2
if [[ "${operation}" = "save-manifest" ]]
then
	save_manifest "$1" "$2"
	close
elif [[ "${operation}" = "insert-manifest" ]]
then
	insert_manifest "$1" "$2"
	close
elif [[ ${operation} = "is-filetype" ]]
then
	isFileType "$1" $2
	close
fi
#--------------------------------------------
require_args 3
if [[ "${operation}" = "create" ]]
then
	create_patch "$1" "$2" "$3"
	close
elif [[ "${operation}" = "apply" ]]
then
	apply_patch "$1" "$2" "$3"
	close
fi
#--------------------------------------------
##########################################
#                   END                  #
##########################################
close