FCO/A Red Secret Santa.md Secret

## A Red Secret Santa.md

      
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              A Red Secret Santa.md
            
          
    #Day 21 – A Red Secret Santa
The year is ending and we have a lot to celebrate! What is a better way to celebrate the end of the year than with our family and friend? To help achieve that, here at my home, we decided to run a Secret Santa Game! So, my goal is to write a Secret Santa Program! That’s something where I can use this wonderful project called Red.
Red is an ORM (Object Relational Model) for perl6 still under development and not published as a module yet. But it’s growing and it is close to a release.
So let’s create our first table: a table that will store the people participating in our Secret Santa. To the code:
use Red;

model Person {
   has UInt     $.id        is serial;
   has Str      $.name      is column;
   has Str      $.email     is column;
}

my $*RED-DB = database "SQLite";

Person.^create-table;

Person.^create: :name<Fernando>,    :email<fco@aco.com>;
Person.^create: :name<Aline>,       :email<aja@aco.com>;
Person.^create: :name<Fernanda>;
Person.^create: :name<Sophia>;

.say for Person.^all.grep(*.email.defined).map: *.name;
Red maps relational databases to OOP. Each table is mapped to a Red class (model), each of whose objects represents a row.
The way we a create a model is by using the model special word. A model is just a normal class that extends Red::Model and has a MetamodelX::Red::Model‘s object as its metaclass. Red does not add any methods you didn’t explicitly create to its models. So to interact with the database you should use the metaclass.
But let’s continue.
The code creates a new model called Person. The name of the table this model represents will be the same name as the model: “Person”. If necessary, you can change the name of the table with the is table<...> trait (for example: model Person is table<another_name> {...}).
This model has 3 attributes:
two of them have  an is column trait ($.name and $.email);
and one has an is serial ($.id). That means the same as is column{ :id, :auto-increment }.
So all attribute on Person are columns. The is serial (I mean the :id part) means that it’s the table’s primary key.
After that it’s setting a dynamic variable ($*RED-DB) for the result of database "SQLite". The database sub receives the driver‘s name and the parameters it expects.
In this case it uses the SQLite driver and if you don’t pass any argument, it will use it as an in memory database. If you want to use a file named secret-santa.db as the database file, you can do database "SQLite", :database<secret-santa.db>. Or, if you want to use a local Postgres, just use  database "Pg". Red uses the variable $*RED-DB to know what database to use.
OK, now lets create the table! As I said before, Red did not add any methods you didn’t explicitly ask for. So, to create the table a metaclass‘ method is used. Person.^create-table is how you create the table.
This will run:
CREATE TABLE person(
    id integer NOT NULL primary key AUTOINCREMENT,
    name varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    email varchar(255) NOT NULL
)
That creates the table.
Now we should insert some data. We do that with another meta method (.^create). .^create expect the same arguments .new expects. Each named argument will set an attribute with the same name. .^create will create a new Person object, save it in the database (with .^save: :insert), and return it.
It runs:
INSERT INTO person(
    email,
    name
) VALUES(
    'fco@aco.com',
    'Fernando'
)
Every model has a ResultSeq. That is a sequence that represents every row on the table. We can get its ResultSeq with .^all (or .^rs). ResultSeq has some methods to help you to get information from the table, for example: .grep will filter the rows (as it does in a normal Seq) but it doesn’t do that in memory, it returns a new ResultSeq with that filter set. When its iterator is retrieved, it runs a SQL query using everything set on the ResultSeq.
In our example, Person.^all.grep(*.email.defined).map: *.name will run a query like:
SELECT
    person.name
FROM
    person
WHERE
    email IS NOT NULL
And it’ll print:
Fernando
Aline

Okay, we have a code that can save who is entered in our Secret Santa game. But each one on it want different gifts. How can we know the wishes of each one?
Let’s modify the code to make it save the wishlist for everyone participating in the secret santa:
use Red;

model Person { ... }

model Wishlist {
    has UInt    $!id        is serial;
    has UInt    $!wisher-id is referencing{ Person.id };
    has Person  $.wisher    is relationship{ .wisher-id };
    has Str:D   $.name      is column is required;
    has Str     $.link      is column;
}

model Person is rw {
   has UInt     $.id        is serial;
   has Str      $.name      is column;
   has Str      $.email     is column;
   has Wishlist @.wishes    is relationship{ .wisher-id }
}

my $*RED-DB = database "SQLite";

Wishlist.^create-table;
Person.^create-table;

my \fernando = Person.^create: :name<Fernando>, :email<fco@aco.com>;
fernando.wishes.create: :name<Comma>,          :link<https://commaide.com>;
fernando.wishes.create: :name("perl6 books"),  :link<https://perl6book.com>;
fernando.wishes.create: :name("mac book pro"), :link<https://www.apple.com/shop/buy-mac/macbook-pro/15-inch-space-gray-2.6ghz-6-core-512gb#>;

my \aline = Person.^create: :name<Aline>, :email<aja@aco.com>;
aline.wishes.create: :name("a new closet"), :link<https://i.pinimg.com/474x/02/05/93/020593b34c205792a6a7fd7191333fc6--wardrobe-behind-bed-false-wall-wardrobe.jpg>;

my \fernanda = Person.^create: :name<Fernanda>, :email<faco@aco.com>;
fernanda.wishes.create: :name("mimikyu plush"), :link<https://www.pokemoncenter.com/mimikyu-poké-plush-%28standard-size%29---10-701-02831>;
fernanda.wishes.create: :name("camelia plush"), :link<https://farm9.static.flickr.com/8432/28947786492_80056225f3_b.jpg>;

my \sophia = Person.^create: :name<Sophia>, :email<saco@aco.com>;
sophia.wishes.create: :name("baby alive"), :link<https://www.target.com/p/baby-alive-face-paint-fairy-brunette/-/A-51304817>;

say "\n{ .name }\n{ .wishes.map({" { .name } => { .link }" }).join("\n").indent: 3 }" for Person.^all
That prints:
Fernando
    Comma => https://commaide.com
    perl6 books => https://perl6book.com
    mac book pro => https://www.apple.com/shop/buy-mac/macbook-pro/15-inch-space-gray-2.6ghz-6-core-512gb#

Aline
    a new closet => https://i.pinimg.com/474x/02/05/93/020593b34c205792a6a7fd7191333fc6--wardrobe-behind-bed-false-wall-wardrobe.jpg

Fernanda
    mimikyu plush => https://www.pokemoncenter.com/mimikyu-poké-plush-%28standard-size%29---10-701-02831
    camelia plush => https://farm9.static.flickr.com/8432/28947786492_80056225f3_b.jpg

Sophia
    baby alive => https://www.target.com/p/baby-alive-face-paint-fairy-brunette/-/A-51304817

Now we have a new model Wishlist that refers to a table named withlist. It has $!id as id, $!name and $!link are columns, and there are some things new! has UInt $!wisher-id is referencing{ Person.id }; is the same as has UInt $!wisher-id is column{ :references{ Person.id } }; that means it’s a column that’s a foreign key that references the id Person‘s column. It also has a has Person $.wisher is relationship{ .wisher-id }; it’s not a column, it’s a “virtual” field. the $ sigil means that there is only 1 wisher for a wish. And is relationship expects a Callable that will receive a model. If it’s Scalar it will receive the current model as the only argument. So, in this case, it will be Wishlist. The return of the relationsip’s Callable must be a column that references some other column.
Lets see how this table is created:
CREATE TABLE wishlist(
   id integer NOT NULL primary key,
   name varchar(255) NOT NULL,
   link varchar(255) NULL,
   wisher_id integer NULL references person(id)
)
As you can see, no wisher column is created.
The Person model has changed too! Now it has a @.wishes relationship (has Wishlist @.wishes is relationship{ .wisher-id }). It uses a @ sigil so each Person can have more than one wish. The Callable passed will receive the type of the Positional attribute (Wishlist on this case) and must return a column that references some other column.
The table created is the same as before.
We created a new Person as we did before: my \fernando = Person.^create: :name, :emailfco@aco.com; and now we can use the relationship (wishes) to create a new wish (fernando.wishes.create: :name, :link<https://commaide.com>). That creates a new wish for Fernando running the following SQL:
INSERT INTO wishlist(
   name,
   link,
   wisher_id
) VALUES(
   'Comma',
   'https://commaide.com',
   1
)
Had you seen? wisher_id is 1… 1 is Fernando’s id. Once you have created the wish from Fernando’s .wishes(), it already knows that it belongs to Fernando.
And then we define wishes for every person we create.
Then we loop over every Person in the database (Person.^all) and print its name and loop over that person’s wishes and print its name and link.
Okey, we can save who is participating… get what they want… but the draw? Who should I give a gift to? To do that we change our program again:
use lib <lib>;
use Red;

model Person { ... }

model Wishlist {
    has UInt    $!id        is id;
    has UInt    $!wisher-id is referencing{ Person.id };
    has Person  $.wisher    is relationship{ .wisher-id };
    has Str:D   $.name      is column is required;
    has Str     $.link      is column;
}

model Person is rw {
   has UInt     $.id        is id;
   has Str      $.name      is column;
   has Str      $.email     is column;
   has UInt     $!pair-id   is referencing{ ::?CLASS.^alias.id };
   has ::?CLASS $.pair      is relationship{ .pair-id };
   has Wishlist @.wishes    is relationship{ .wisher-id }

   method draw(::?CLASS:U:) {
      my @people = self.^all.pick: *;
      for flat @people.rotor: 2 => -1 -> $p1, $p2 {
         $p1.pair = $p2;
         $p1.^save;
      }
      given @people.tail {
         .pair = @people.head;
         .^save
      }
   }
}

my $*RED-DB = database "SQLite";

Wishlist.^create-table;
Person.^create-table;

my \fernando = Person.^create: :name<Fernando>, :email<fco@aco.com>;
fernando.wishes.create: :name<Comma>,            :link<https://commaide.com>;
fernando.wishes.create: :name("perl6 books"),    :link<https://perl6book.com>;
fernando.wishes.create: :name("mac book pro"),   :link<https://www.apple.com/shop/buy-mac/macbook-pro/15-inch-space-gray-2.6ghz-6-core-512gb#>;

my \aline = Person.^create: :name<Aline>, :email<aja@aco.com>;
aline.wishes.create: :name("a new closet"), :link<https://i.pinimg.com/474x/02/05/93/020593b34c205792a6a7fd7191333fc6--wardrobe-behind-bed-false-wall-wardrobe.jpg>;

my \fernanda = Person.^create: :name<Fernanda>, :email<faco@aco.com>;
fernanda.wishes.create: :name("mimikyu plush"), :link<https://www.pokemoncenter.com/mimikyu-poké-plush-%28standard-size%29---10-701-02831>;
fernanda.wishes.create: :name("camelia plush"), :link<https://farm9.static.flickr.com/8432/28947786492_80056225f3_b.jpg>;

my \sophia = Person.^create: :name<Sophia>,   :email<saco@aco.com>;
sophia.wishes.create: :name("baby alive"),      :link<https://www.target.com/p/baby-alive-face-paint-fairy-brunette/-/A-51304817>;

Person.draw;

say "{ .name } -> { .pair.name }\n\tWishlist: { .pair.wishes.map(*.name).join: ", " }" for Person.^all
Now Person has two new attributes ($!pair-id and $.pair) and a new method (draw). $!pair-id is a foreign key that references the field id on the same table (Person) so we have to use an alias (.^alias). The other one is the relationship ($.pair) that uses that foreign key.
The new method (draw) is where the magic happens. It uses the method .pick: * that on a normal Positional would shuffle the list. And it does the same here, with the query:
SELECT
   person.email , person.id , person.name , person.pair_id as "pair-id"
FROM
   person
ORDER BY
   random()
Once we have the shuffled list, we use .rotor to get two items and go one back, so we save what is the pair of each person giving to the next person, and the last person in the list will give to the first person.
And this is the output of our final code:
Fernando -> Sophia
	Wishlist: baby alive
Aline -> Fernanda
	Wishlist: mimikyu plush, camelia plush
Fernanda -> Fernando
	Wishlist: COMMA, perl6 books, mac book pro
Sophia -> Aline
	Wishlist: a new closet