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带宽:定义了在一段时间内可能传输的数据量 | |
吞吐量:定义了在一段时间内实际传输的数据量 | |
时延:指数据通过网络传输到目的地的速度 | |
example: | |
例如,一个网络的带宽为每秒 1 Gb(Gbps)。吞吐量指的是在整个网络中传输和处理的实际数据量, | |
如果说带宽描述的是理论数据量,那么吞吐量描述的就是实际数据量。吞吐量的测量单位与带宽的比特率单位相同。 | |
一个网络的带宽可能是 1 Gbps,这意味着它能够处理 1 Gbps 的数据。但根据具体情况, | |
其吞吐量可能只有 500 Mbps,网络处理能力只有其一半。 |
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命令: | |
fallocate -l 10G /cache/test | |
解析: | |
在/cache目录下创建一个大小为10G的文件,文件名是test |
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ifconfig | grep cali | cut -d ' ' -f 1 | xargs -n1 -I{} sudo ifconfig {} mtu <size> up |
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概念 | |
conntrack代表“连接跟踪“。conntrack是Linux内核中Netfilter框架的一个组件。 | |
conntrack用作通过Linux服务器传输的网络连接的数据库。它跟踪每个网络连接的状态(TCP,UDP,UDP等)。 | |
网络连接的状态对于Kubernetes中的包过滤和NAT规则至关重要。 | |
conntrack条目最大值:net.nf_conntrack_max | |
conntrack条目当前值:net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_count | |
命令 | |
查询dport=53的conntrack连接 |
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方式一 | |
1、获取带查询pod的IP地址 10.244.233.249 | |
2、在该pod所在的物理机上执行:ip r get 10.244.233.249,即可看见对应的calico设备名称 | |
3、每个cali设备名称对应一个netns,通过ip link list查看对应关系 | |
4、ip netns exec cni-xxx bash 即可进入pod network netns | |
方式二 | |
1、借助calicoctl 工具,执行calicoctl get weps -n namespace 即可看见pod对应的cali设备 | |
2、剩余步骤同方式一 |
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[root@cube-02 cluster-bo]# bridge vlan show | |
port vlan ids | |
cluster-bo 1 PVID Egress Untagged | |
122 | |
211 | |
cluster-br 1 PVID Egress Untagged | |
docker0 1 PVID Egress Untagged |
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在TCP三次握手的过程中,会维护两个队列: | |
1、半连接队列--SYN QUEUE | |
2、全连接队列--ACCEPT QUEUE | |
具体过程: | |
1、Client 端向 Server 端发送 SYN 发起握手,Client 端进入 SYN_SENT 状态 | |
2、Server 端收到 Client 端的 SYN 请求后,Server 端进入 SYN_RECV 状态, | |
此时内核会将连接存储到半连接队列(SYN Queue),并向 Client 端回复 SYN+ACK |
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kube-apiserver -> virt-handler -> cmdserver -> virtqemud -> KVM subsystem -> VM | |
VMI states VM agent |-- virt-launcher pod --| kernel |
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virtctl image-upload pvc fuel-pvc --image-path=fuel-community-11.0.iso | |
--access-mode=ReadWriteOnce --size=10G | |
--uploadproxy-url=https://10.96.55.91:443 --force-bind --insecure --wait-secs=60 | |
其中--uploadproxy 路径为kubectl get svc -n cdi | grep cdi-uploadproxy svc的具体IP地址 |
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1、查询要开启port-forward的endpoint | |
kubectl get endpoints | |
2、根据endpoint实际端口,开启port-forward | |
kubectl port-forward nginx 8888:80 | |
3、本地curl -ivk http://127.0.0.1:8888 | |
ps | |
上面的命令仅支持使用本机的127.0.0.1地址访问,如果想通过本机的任何地址都可以转发,正确命令为: | |
kubectl port-forward --address 0.0.0.0 nginx 8888:80 |
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