Binary, bitwise and bytes.

binary

BASIC BINARY SYSTEM

There are 4 types of int:
- Int8 : 8 bytes | 1 octet.  [max: (2^8) / 2 - 1, min: (2^8) / 2 * -1]
- Int16 : 16 bytes | 2 octets. [max: (2^16) / 2 - 1, min: (2^16) / 2 * -1]
- Int32 : 32 bytes | 4 octets [max: (2^32) / 2 - 1, min: (2^32) / 2 * -1]
- Int64 : 64 bytes | 8 octets  [max: (2^64) / 2 - 1, min: (2^64) / 2 * -1]


Examples with Int8:

 Int8  |   binary   |  Byte array
  73   |  01001001  |    [ 73 ] 

 Int8  |   binary   |  Byte array
  122  |  01111010  |    [ 122 ] 
  
 Int8  |   binary   |  Byte array
  254  |  11111110  |    [ 254 ]
  
 Int8  |   binary   |  Byte array
  255  |  11111111  |    [ 255 ]
  
 Int8  |   binary   |  Byte array
  -1   |  11111111  |    [ 255 ] 
 (255: 256 - 1) 
 
  Int8  |   binary   |  Byte array
  -50   |  11001110  |    [ 206 ] 
 (206: 256 - 50) 
  
  
  Examples with Int16:
  
 Int16   |        binary       |  Byte array
 10000   |  00100111 00010000  |  [ 16, 39 ] 
 
 Int16   |        binary       |   Byte array
 -30000  |  10001010 11010000  |  [ 208, 138 ] 
 (35536: 65536 - 30000)
 
 
 
BITWISE OPERATIONS:

1) AND `&`
-> returns 1 if the corresponding bits of both operands are 1 else it returns 0.

     Operand 1     |     Operand 2	AND      |     Operation
         0                     0                  0 & 0 is 0
         0                     1                  0 & 1 is 0
         1                     0                  1 & 0 is 0
         1                     1                  1 & 1 is 1


Example:
var a = 12 //= 01100
var b = 25 //= 11001
a & b = 8 = 01000



2) OR `|`
-> returns 1 if either of the corresponding bits of one operand is 1 else returns 0.

     Operand 1     |     Operand 2	AND      |     Operation
         0                     0                  0 | 0 is 0
         0                     1                  0 | 1 is 1
         1                     0                  1 | 0 is 1
         1                     1                  1 | 1 is 1


Example:
var a = 12 //= 01100
var b = 25 //= 11001
a | b = 29 = 11101



3) OR `^`
-> returns 1 if the corresponding bits are different and returns 0 if the corresponding bits are the same.

     Operand 1     |     Operand 2	AND      |     Operation
         0                     0                  0 ^ 0 is 0
         0                     1                  0 ^ 1 is 1
         1                     0                  1 ^ 0 is 1
         1                     1                  1 ^ 1 is 0


Example:
var a = 12 //= 01100
var b = 25 //= 11001
a ^ b = 21 = 10101



4) NOT `~`
-> inverts the bit( 0 becomes 1, 1 becomes 0).

Example:
var a = 12 //= 01100
~a = 19 = 10011