FichteFoll/FX_utils.lua

## [AKA]_Oreimo_ED15_FX-Fichte.lua
-- This script was written by FichteFoll for http://akatsuki-subs.net
-- You can see this FX in Ore no Imouto TR [True Route] 15 (Ending)

-- MIT license, (c) FichteFoll

--[[
    Remarks:

        I don't really know what I should mention here.

        Overall work time on this file (including searching for inspiration): 7 hours

    2014-12-24
]]

require("karaskel")
require("op_overloads") -- https://gist.github.com/b6815727db496ceed1ae
-- use the never-changing parts for my Automation FXes from this include file
require("FX_utils")

script_name = "Oreimo TR15 FX"
script_description = "Nothing yet"
script_author = "FichteFoll"
script_version = 0.1

math.randomseed(1337)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- variables/constants
local tmp = {
}

local _line = {
    fadein = {
        start = -100,
        dur = 250,
        mid = 150,
        diff = 40,
        accel = 0.5,
        scale_y = 20,
        bord_scale = 2/3.0
    },
    fadeout = { -- subs only
        dur = 500
    },
    shad = 1,
    blur = 2
}

local _syl = {
    hl = {
        bord = 5,
        blur = 3,
        color = "&HFFFFFF&",
        alpha = "&H10&",
        accel = 0.25,
        scale = 100,
        startfade = 0.4,
        fadeaccel = 2,
        extend = 150
    },
    hl2 = {
        move = 50,
        diff = 70
    },
    fadeout = {
        dur = 200,
        accel = 0.2
    }
}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

local log

function init(subs, meta, styles)
    log = aegisub.log
end

function do_fx(subs, meta, styles, line, baseline)
    if not line.style:startswith("ed15_") then
        return -- not processed
    end

    -- use to differentiate between karaoke styles and the actual subtitles
    local romaji = line.style:startswith("ed15_rom")
    local kanji  = line.style:startswith("ed15_kan")
    local trans  = line.style:startswith("ed15_ger")

    -- pre-process1
    parse_style_colors(line, styles[line.style])
    -- parse_line_colors(line)

    -- pre-process2
    if trans then
        -- create syllables for each word in translation (but not in comments)
        line.text = "{\\k1}" .. line.text:gsub("%s*{.-}%s*", ''):gsub(" ", " {\\k1}")
    end
    karaskel.preproc_line(subs, meta, styles, line)
    parse_syls(line)

    -- general line parts
    line._pos = "\\an5\\pos(%d,%d)" % {line.center, line.middle} -- will be overwritten, likely
    line._pre = "\\shad%s\\blur%s" % {_line.shad, _line.blur}
    line._color = ""

    local slide_length = not romaji
                         and line.width + line.style.margin_l + 20
                         or line.width + line.style.margin_v + 20
    -- differ between romaji and kanji (x and y); [true] is for romaji
    local dimensions = {[true] = "y", [false] = "x"}
    local slide = {[true] = slide_length, [false] = 0}

    if trans then
        -- log(repr(line._noblank) .. "\n")
    end

    for si, syl in ipairs(line._noblank) do
        for ci, char in ipairs(get_charsyls(syl)) do

            -- no need to handle whitespaces
            if (syl.text_stripped == ' ' or syl.text_stripped == '　') then
                goto skipchar -- functions as `continue`
            end

            local l = table.copy(line)

            -- fadein and hl1 are per syl for romaji & trans
            if kanji or ci == 1 then

                local middle = not kanji
                               and line.middle
                               or line.styleref.margin_v + char.left
                local center = not kanji
                               and line.left + syl.center
                               or meta.res_x - line.styleref.margin_r - char.width/2.0

                -- Fadein -----------------
                local start_rel = (si - 1) * -_line.fadein.diff - _line.fadein.dur

                l._pos = "\\an5\\move(%.2f,%.2f,%.2f,%.2f,%d,%d)" % {
                    center - slide[not kanji],
                    middle - slide[kanji],
                    center, middle,
                    0, _line.fadein.mid
                }

                l._fadein =
                "\\fsc%%s%.2f\\%%sbord%.1f\\t(%d,%d,%.2f,\\fsc%%s%.2f\\%%sbord%.1f)" % {
                    _line.fadein.scale_y, line.styleref.outline * _line.fadein.bord_scale,
                    _line.fadein.mid, _line.fadein.dur, _line.fadein.accel,
                    line.styleref.scale_y, line.styleref.outline
                }
                l._fadein = l._fadein % {
                    dimensions[not kanji], dimensions[not kanji],
                    dimensions[not kanji], dimensions[not kanji]
                }

                l.start_time = line.start_time + start_rel
                -- handle entire trans line here
                if trans then
                    l._pre = l._pre .. "\\fad(0,300)"
                else
                    l.end_time   = line.start_time + syl.start_time
                end

                -- construct line text
                l.text = string.concat(
                    '{', l._pos, l._pre, l._fadein, '}',
                    (kanji and char or syl).text_stripped
                )
                subs.append(l)

                if trans then
                    goto skipchar -- `continue`
                end


                -- Highlight ---------------
                l._pos = "\\an5\\pos(%.2f,%.2f)" % {
                    center, middle
                }

                l._pre = "\\shad0\\blur%s" % {_syl.hl.blur}

                l._hl = "\\bord%s\\1a&HFF&\\3c%s\\3a%s" % {
                    _syl.hl.bord, _syl.hl.color, _syl.hl.alpha
                }
                ..
                "\\t(%.2f,\\fscx%.2f\\fscy%.2f)\\t(%d,%d,%.2f,\\3a&HFF&)" % {
                    _syl.hl.accel, _syl.hl.scale, _syl.hl.scale,
                    syl.duration * _syl.hl.startfade, syl.duration + _syl.hl.extend,
                    _syl.hl.fadeaccel
                }

                l.start_time = l.end_time
                l.end_time   = l.start_time + syl.duration + _syl.hl.extend

                -- construct line text
                l.text = string.concat(
                    '{', l._pos, l._pre, l._hl, '}', (kanji and char or syl).text_stripped
                )
                subs.append(l)
            end

            -- per char this time
            local middle = romaji
                           and line.middle
                           or line.styleref.margin_v + char.left
            local center = romaji
                           and line.left + char.center
                           or meta.res_x - line.styleref.margin_r - char.width/2.0

            -- Highlight2 -------------- (per char also for romaji)
            l = table.copy(line)

            local move_speed = 1.0 * _syl.hl2.move / syl.duration
            local hl_end = (ci-1) * _syl.hl2.diff + syl.duration

            local slide_hl = {[true] = hl_end * move_speed, [false] = 0}

            l._pos = "\\an5\\move(%.2f,%.2f,%.2f,%.2f)" % {
                center, middle,
                center - slide_hl[romaji],
                middle - slide_hl[not romaji]
            }

            l._hl = ""

            l.start_time = line.start_time + syl.start_time
            l.end_time   = l.start_time + hl_end

            -- construct line text
            l.text = string.concat(
                '{', l._pos, l._pre, l._hl, '}', char.text_stripped
            )
            subs.append(l)

            -- Fadeout -------------- (per char also for romaji)
            local slide_out = {[true] = _syl.fadeout.dur * move_speed,
                               [false] = romaji and -line.height/2 or meta.res_x + char.width/2}
            local out_pos = {[true] = romaji
                                      and center - slide_hl[romaji] - slide_out[romaji]
                                      or middle - slide_hl[not romaji] - slide_out[not romaji],
                             [false] = slide_out[false]}

            l._pos = "\\an5\\move(%.2f,%.2f,%.2f,%.2f)" % {
                center - slide_hl[romaji],
                middle - slide_hl[not romaji],
                out_pos[romaji],
                out_pos[not romaji]
            }

            l._fadeout = "\\t(%.2f,\\fr%s90)" % {_syl.fadeout.accel, dimensions[not romaji]}

            l.start_time = l.end_time
            l.end_time   = l.start_time + _syl.fadeout.dur

            -- construct line text
            l.text = string.concat(
                '{', l._pos, l._pre, l._fadeout, '}', char.text_stripped
            )
            subs.append(l)
        end

        ::skipchar:: -- goto anchor
    end

    return 1
end

--[[
    Outline:
        - fadein from left side
        - slightly move left on hl
        - fadeout upwards, by syl and char

    Fadein:
        Effect:
            - slide in from left, very thin vertically
            - expand to full size once at target postion
            - right to left?
            - iterative
            - somewhat short

        Timeline:
          [---step1----|       ]
          [            |-step2-]

          step1
          - \move (left to normal)
          - \fscy < 20, or \fry
          - \bord < normal

          step2
          - \fscy -> 100, or \fry -> 0
          - \bord -> normal

    Fadeout:
        - move upwards after hl, per char
        - carry over highlight movement

    Highlight:
        Effect:
            - Move to left
            - Also display shadow-ish border behind original position

        Timeline:
          [---------step1--------]
          [---------step2--------]
          [       |-----step3----]

          step1
          - movement

          step2 (accelerated)
          - "grow" from shadow (currently none)

          step3 (accelerated)
          - fade

    Subtitles:
        -
]]

register()

## FX_utils.lua
--[[
    A template script used for Automation 4 karaoke FXes with Aegisub
    You will want to call `register()` at the end of your script or whenever at least `script_name` is defined.

    Functions to be defined:

    *   init(subs, meta, styles) [optional]

        Called after all possibly existing previous fx lines have been deleted and the karaoke lines restored.
        Do whatever you like in here. Won't be called if `init` is nil.

        @subs
            The subs table passed by aegisub.

        @meta, @styles
            Results of karaskel.collect_head(subs, false).

    *   do_fx(subs, meta, styles, line, baseline)

        Called when is_parseble(line) returns `true`, i.e. when you should parse that line.
        The parsed line will be commented and its effect set to "karaoke" iff this function returns a value evaluating
        to `true`.

        @subs
            Same as for init().

        @meta, @styles
            Same as for init().

        @line
            This is the line source you will be using. You can do anything with it, it's in fact a table.copy of
            @baseline with its effect set to "fx" and layer to 2.

            Has a field named "_i" which defines the line's index in `subs` and a field named "_li" which counts up
            every time do_fx is called.

        @baseline
            The table representing the line.
            This is a REFERENCE, you need to table.copy() this before if you want to insert a new copy.
            The line itself should not be modified at all, e.g. when you plan to run this macro a few times.

            Also defines "_i" and "_li" (see @line).

    Variables to be defined (before calling `register()`):

    *   script_name


    Includes a variety of utility functions.

    By FichteFoll, last modified: 2014-12-23
]]

require("karaskel")

-- ############################# handler funcs #################################

function macro_script_handler(subs)
    aegisub.progress.title("Apply "..script_name)

    script_handler(subs)

    aegisub.set_undo_point('"Apply '..script_name..'"')
end

function script_handler(subs)
    aegisub.progress.task("Getting header data...")
    local meta, styles = karaskel.collect_head(subs, false)

    -- undo the fx before parsing the karaoke data
    aegisub.progress.task("Removing old karaoke lines...")
    undo_fx(subs)

    aegisub.progress.task("Applying effect...")
    local i,  maxi = 1, #subs
    local li = 0

    if init then
        init(subs, meta, styles)
    end

    while i <= maxi do
        local l = subs[i]
        if aegisub.progress.is_cancelled() then
            if aegisub.cancel then aegisub.cancel() end
            return
        end

        aegisub.progress.task(string.format("Applying effect (%d/%d)...", i, maxi))
        aegisub.progress.set((i-1) / maxi * 100)

        if line_is_parseable(l) then
--          karaskel.preproc_line(subs, meta, styles, l)

            li = li + 1
            l._li = li
            l._i = i

            -- prepare the to-be-copyied line
            local line = table.copy(l)
            line.effect = "fx"
            line.layer = 2

            if do_fx(subs, meta, styles, line, l) then
                l.comment = true
                l.effect = "karaoke"
            end
            subs[i] = l
        end

        i = i + 1
    end

    aegisub.progress.task("Finished!")
    aegisub.progress.set(100)
end


function undo_macro_script_handler(subs, ...)
    aegisub.progress.title("Undoing "..script_name)

    undo_fx(subs)

    aegisub.set_undo_point("\"Undo "..script_name.."\"")
end


function undo_fx(subs)
    aegisub.progress.task("Unapplying effect...")

    local  i,  maxi = 1, #subs
    local ai, maxai = i,  maxi
    while i <= maxi do
        if aegisub.progress.is_cancelled() then
            if aegisub.cancel then aegisub.cancel() end
            return
        end

        aegisub.progress.task(string.format("Unapplying effect (%d/%d)...", ai, maxai))
        aegisub.progress.set((ai-1) / maxai * 100)

        local l = subs[i]
        if (l.class == "dialogue" and not l.comment and l.effect == "fx") then
            subs.delete(i)
            maxi = maxi - 1
        else
            if (l.class == "dialogue" and l.comment and l.effect == "karaoke") then
                l.comment = false
                l.effect = ''
                subs[i] = l
            end

            i = i + 1
        end
    end
end


-- ############################### parsing funcs ###############################

function parse_syls(line)
    -- parse the line's syllables and add them to the `line._noblank` table
    -- requires you to call karaskel.preproc_line first
    line._noblank = {n = 0}
    for i = 1, line.kara.n do
        local syl = line.kara[i]
        if (syl.duration > 0 and syl.text_stripped ~= ''
                and syl.text_stripped ~= ' ' and syl.text_stripped ~= '　') then
            line._noblank.n = line._noblank.n + 1
            line._noblank[line._noblank.n] = syl
            syl.i = line._noblank.n
            syl._blank = false
        else
            syl._blank = true
        end
    end
end

function parse_style_colors(line, style)
    line._c = {}
    line._a = {}
    for i, c, a in colors_from_style(style) do
        line._c[i] = c
        line._a[i] = a
    end
end

-- Parse the color overrides on the line (assuming they are the only blocks before the {\k}-block)
-- and add them to line._colors
-- Lines should look like this:
-- {\c&H8D566C&\2c&HC982AE&\3c&H1A0110&}{\t(720,720,,\c&HFFFFFF&\2c&HA99E4F&\3c&H161501&)}
--   {\t(1900,1900,\2c&HBCA2C6&\c&H605064&\3c&H0B0006&)}{\k24}sho{\k24}se{\k16}n ...
function parse_line_colors(line)
    line._colors = {_all = ""}

    local colors_str, text = line.text:match("^(.-)({\\k.+)$")
    if not colors_str then
        -- we are probably in a "sub" block, just consume all the override blocks
        -- wat?
        colors_str = ""
        text = line.text:gsub("({.-})", function (override)
            colors_str = colors_str .. override
            return ""
        end)
    end
    if not colors_str then log("No match on line: %s\n", line.text); end

    if colors_str and #colors_str > 0 then
        -- collect color blocks
        for str in colors_str:gmatch("{(.-)}") do
            -- always assuming there is only one \t override tag each
            local start, stop, colors = str:match("\\t%((%d+),(%d+),(%S-)%)")
            -- log("start: %s, stop: %s, colors: %s\n" % {start or "nil", stop or "nil", colors or "nil"})
            if not colors then
                colors = str:match("\\t%((%S-)%)")
            end

            local block = {
                text   = str,
                start  = tonumber(start) or 0,
                stop   = tonumber(stop)  or (colors and line.duration or 0),
                colors = colors or str
            }

            if not colors then -- supposed to happen only once
                line._colors._base = block
            else
                table.insert(line._colors, block)
            end
            line._colors._all = line._colors._all .. str
        end

        -- log(repr(line._colors) .. "\n")
    end
end

-- ############################### helping funcs ###############################

-- Returns the selected color `i` (or the first one) at `timestamp` given a few override codes.
-- Does not check for validity anywhere; do not abuse. Returns nil if color `i` was not found.
function color_at(col, timestamp, i)
    if not i then i = "[1-4]"; end -- match any color number in the pattern
    if i == 1 then i = "1?"; end -- 1 can be omitted

    function _ret(col)
        -- used to select the specified color "i"; nil if not found
        return col.colors:match("\\"..i.."c(&H%w+&)") or nil
    end

    local active, last
    -- iterate over override blocks for the currently active transition, consider only the last
    local start, stop
    for _, block in ipairs(col) do
        if (timestamp > block.start and timestamp < block.stop and _ret(block)) then
            active = block
        end
    end

    -- ... for the lastly active transition
    for _, block in ipairs(col) do
        if (timestamp > block.stop and _ret(block)) then
            last = block
        end
    end
    if not last then last = col._base; end

    if not active then
        return _ret(last) -- just return the last color
    end

    -- select the specified color
    local start, stop = _ret(last), _ret(active)

    -- either no color or no "new" color found
    if not stop then
        -- log("stcol: %s\n", last.colors)
        -- log("start: %s\n", start)
        return start or nil
    end

    -- interpolate the color
    local pct = (timestamp - active.start) * 1.0 / (active.stop - active.start)
    return interpolate_color(pct, start, stop)
end

-- Searches for \t-tag times and shifts them by `by`
function shift_ttags(str, by)
    return str:gsub("\\t%((%d+),(%d+)", function (start, stop)
        return "\\t(%d,%d" % {tostring(tonumber(start) - by),
                              tostring(tonumber(stop)  - by)}
    end)
end

-- Create a list of charsyls used in char templates
function get_charsyls(syl)
    local charsyls = {}
    local charsyl = table.copy(syl)

    local left = syl.left
    for c in unicode.chars(syl.text_stripped) do
        charsyl.text = c
        charsyl.text_stripped = c
        charsyl.text_spacestripped = c
        charsyl.prespace, charsyl.postspace = "", "" -- for whatever anyone might use these for
        charsyl.width = aegisub.text_extents(syl.style, c)
        charsyl.left = left
        charsyl.center = left + charsyl.width/2
        charsyl.right = left + charsyl.width
        charsyl.prespacewidth, charsyl.postspacewidth = 0, 0 -- whatever...
        left = left + charsyl.width

        table.insert(charsyls, table.copy(charsyl))
    end

    return charsyls
end

function repr(val)
    if type(val) == "table" then
        local str = "{" --"#%d:{" % #val
        for k, v in pairs(val) do
            str = str .. ("%s = %s, "):format(k, repr(v))
        end
        return str:sub(1, -3) .. "}" -- trim last ", "
    elseif type(val) == "string" then
        return '"%s"' % val
    else
        return tostring(val)
    end
end

function colors_from_style(style)
    local i = 0

    function enum_colors()
        i = i + 1
        if (i > 4) then
            return nil
        end

        -- i, color, alpha
        return i, color_from_style(style["color"..tostring(i)]), alpha_from_style(style["color"..tostring(i)])
    end

    return enum_colors, nil, nil
end

function strip_comments(str)
    return str:gsub("{.-}", "")
end

function xor(...)
    -- return the first parameter which evaluates to `true`
    args = {...}
    for v in args do
        if v then return v; end
    end
    return args[#args] -- return the last element if none is true
end

function _if(test, a, b)
    return test and a or b
end

function line_is_parseable(l)
    return  (l.class == "dialogue" and not l.comment)
        or  (l.class == "dialogue" and     l.comment and l.effect == "karaoke")
end

function round(num, idp)
    local mult = 10^(idp or 0)
    if num >= 0 then return math.floor(num * mult + 0.5) / mult
    else return math.ceil(num * mult - 0.5) / mult end
end

function randomfloat(min, max)
    return math.random() * (max - min) + min
end

function string.concat(...)
    ret = ""
    for _, str in pairs{...} do
        -- there shouldn't be any nils here
        ret = ret..tostring(str)
    end
    return ret
end

function string.startswith(self, piece)
    return string.sub(self, 1, string.len(piece)) == piece
end

function string.endswith(self, piece)
    return string.sub(self, -string.len(piece)) == piece
end


-- ############################### validation funcs ############################

function macro_validation(subs)
    for i = 1, #subs do
        local l = subs[i]
        if line_is_parseable(l) then
            return true
        end
    end

    return false, "No parseable line found"
end

function undo_macro_validation(subs)
    for i = 1, #subs do
        local l = subs[i]
        if (l.class == "dialogue" and (
                (not l.comment and l.effect == "fx") or
                (    l.comment and l.effect == "karaoke") )) then
            return true
        end
    end

    return false, "No karaoke line found"
end

-- ############################## registering ##################################

function register()
    aegisub.register_macro("Apply "..script_name,
                           "Processing script as templater",
                           macro_script_handler,
                           macro_validation)
    -- should not be needed (for my setup at least, I have a separate macro which does this)
    -- aegisub.register_macro("Undo "..script_name, "Removing templated lines", undo_macro_script_handler, undo_macro_validation)
end

## op_overloads.lua
--[[
	These are small operator overloads for general use in Lua, mainly to my likings.

	Written by FichteFoll; thanks to Sleepy_Coder
	2012-12-24
]]

local STR, NUM, BOOL, NIL = {}, {}, {}, {}
STR = getmetatable('')

-- ("hello")[2] -> e
STR.__index
	= function (self, key)
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			if key < 1 or key > self:len() then
				error(("Attempt to get index %d which is not in the range of the string's length"):format(key), 2)
			end
			return self:sub(key, key)
		end
		return string[key]
	end

-- str = "heeeello"; str[3] = "is" -> "heisello" || DOES NOT WORK!
STR.__newindex =
	function (self, key, value)
		value = tostring(value)
		if type(key) == 'number' and type(value) == 'string' then
			if key < 1 or key > self:len() then
				error(("Attempt to set index %d which is not in the range of the string's length"):format(key), 2)
			end
			-- seems like strings are not referenced ...
			self = self:sub(1, key-1) .. value .. self:sub(key+value:len(), -1)
			-- print(("new value: %s; key: %d"):format(self, key))
			return self
		end
	end

-- string * num -> string.rep
STR.__mul =
	function (op1, op2)
		return type(op2) == 'number' and op1:rep(op2) or error("Invalid type for arithmetic on string", 2)
	end

-- string % table -> string.format
STR.__mod =
	function (op1, op2)

		if type(op2) == 'table' then
			if #op2 > 0 then
				-- make `nil` to string
				for k,v in pairs(op2) do
					if v == nil then op2[k] = "nil"; end
				end
				return op1:format(unpack(op2)) -- sadly I can not forward errors happening here
			else
				error("Format table is empty", 2)
			end
		else
			return op1:format(op2 == nil and "nil" or op2)
		end
	end

-- #string -> count chars
STR.__len =
	function (self)
		return self:len()
	end

-- e.g. num = 1234.5; num:floor()
NUM.__index = math

-- rarely useful
BOOL.__index = BOOL

-- a wrapper for boolean tests
BOOL.b2n =
	function (bool)
		return type(bool) ~= 'boolean' and bool or (bool and 1 or 0)
	end

-- various arithmetics on booleans by converting `false` to `0` and `true` to `1`.
-- `nil` will be converted to `0` as well, btw.
BOOL.__add =
	function (op1, op2)
		-- op2.b2n() won't work because it is possible that one of these ops is not a boolean
		return BOOL.b2n(op1) + BOOL.b2n(op2)
	end

BOOL.__sub =
	function (op1, op2)
		return BOOL.b2n(op1) - BOOL.b2n(op2)
	end

BOOL.__mul =
	function (op1, op2)
		return BOOL.b2n(op1) * BOOL.b2n(op2)
	end

BOOL.__div =
	function (op1, op2)
		return BOOL.b2n(op1) / BOOL.b2n(op2)
	end

BOOL.__pow =
	function (op1, op2)
		return BOOL.b2n(op1) ^ BOOL.b2n(op2)
	end

BOOL.__unm =
	function (self)
		return not self
	end

-- copy BOOL's functions over to NIL and remove a few values
for key, val in pairs(BOOL) do
	NIL[key] = val
end
NIL.b2n = nil
NIL.__unm = nil

-- nil[3] -> nil (no error) - is this behaviour useful?
NIL.__index = NIL

-- Apparently, Aegisub does not provide the debug module ...
if debug then
	debug.setmetatable(   0, NUM )
	debug.setmetatable(true, BOOL)
	debug.setmetatable( nil, NIL )
end
	-- This script was written by FichteFoll for http://akatsuki-subs.net
	-- You can see this FX in Ore no Imouto TR [True Route] 15 (Ending)

	-- MIT license, (c) FichteFoll

	--[[
	Remarks:

	I don't really know what I should mention here.

	Overall work time on this file (including searching for inspiration): 7 hours

	2014-12-24
	]]

	require("karaskel")
	require("op_overloads") -- https://gist.github.com/b6815727db496ceed1ae
	-- use the never-changing parts for my Automation FXes from this include file
	require("FX_utils")

	script_name = "Oreimo TR15 FX"
	script_description = "Nothing yet"
	script_author = "FichteFoll"
	script_version = 0.1

	math.randomseed(1337)

	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	-- variables/constants
	local tmp = {
	}

	local _line = {
	fadein = {
	start = -100,
	dur = 250,
	mid = 150,
	diff = 40,
	accel = 0.5,
	scale_y = 20,
	bord_scale = 2/3.0
	},
	fadeout = { -- subs only
	dur = 500
	},
	shad = 1,
	blur = 2
	}

	local _syl = {
	hl = {
	bord = 5,
	blur = 3,
	color = "&HFFFFFF&",
	alpha = "&H10&",
	accel = 0.25,
	scale = 100,
	startfade = 0.4,
	fadeaccel = 2,
	extend = 150
	},
	hl2 = {
	move = 50,
	diff = 70
	},
	fadeout = {
	dur = 200,
	accel = 0.2
	}
	}

	--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	local log

	function init(subs, meta, styles)
	log = aegisub.log
	end

	function do_fx(subs, meta, styles, line, baseline)
	if not line.style:startswith("ed15_") then
	return -- not processed
	end

	-- use to differentiate between karaoke styles and the actual subtitles
	local romaji = line.style:startswith("ed15_rom")
	local kanji = line.style:startswith("ed15_kan")
	local trans = line.style:startswith("ed15_ger")

	-- pre-process1
	parse_style_colors(line, styles[line.style])
	-- parse_line_colors(line)

	-- pre-process2
	if trans then
	-- create syllables for each word in translation (but not in comments)
	line.text = "{\\k1}" .. line.text:gsub("%s{.-}%s", ''):gsub(" ", " {\\k1}")
	end
	karaskel.preproc_line(subs, meta, styles, line)
	parse_syls(line)

	-- general line parts
	line._pos = "\\an5\\pos(%d,%d)" % {line.center, line.middle} -- will be overwritten, likely
	line._pre = "\\shad%s\\blur%s" % {_line.shad, _line.blur}
	line._color = ""

	local slide_length = not romaji
	and line.width + line.style.margin_l + 20
	or line.width + line.style.margin_v + 20
	-- differ between romaji and kanji (x and y); [true] is for romaji
	local dimensions = {[true] = "y", [false] = "x"}
	local slide = {[true] = slide_length, [false] = 0}

	if trans then
	-- log(repr(line._noblank) .. "\n")
	end

	for si, syl in ipairs(line._noblank) do
	for ci, char in ipairs(get_charsyls(syl)) do

	-- no need to handle whitespaces
	if (syl.text_stripped == ' ' or syl.text_stripped == '　') then
	goto skipchar -- functions as `continue`
	end

	local l = table.copy(line)

	-- fadein and hl1 are per syl for romaji & trans
	if kanji or ci == 1 then

	local middle = not kanji
	and line.middle
	or line.styleref.margin_v + char.left
	local center = not kanji
	and line.left + syl.center
	or meta.res_x - line.styleref.margin_r - char.width/2.0

	-- Fadein -----------------
	local start_rel = (si - 1) * -_line.fadein.diff - _line.fadein.dur

	l._pos = "\\an5\\move(%.2f,%.2f,%.2f,%.2f,%d,%d)" % {
	center - slide[not kanji],
	middle - slide[kanji],
	center, middle,
	0, _line.fadein.mid
	}

	l._fadein =
	"\\fsc%%s%.2f\\%%sbord%.1f\\t(%d,%d,%.2f,\\fsc%%s%.2f\\%%sbord%.1f)" % {
	_line.fadein.scale_y, line.styleref.outline * _line.fadein.bord_scale,
	_line.fadein.mid, _line.fadein.dur, _line.fadein.accel,
	line.styleref.scale_y, line.styleref.outline
	}
	l._fadein = l._fadein % {
	dimensions[not kanji], dimensions[not kanji],
	dimensions[not kanji], dimensions[not kanji]
	}

	l.start_time = line.start_time + start_rel
	-- handle entire trans line here
	if trans then
	l._pre = l._pre .. "\\fad(0,300)"
	else
	l.end_time = line.start_time + syl.start_time
	end

	-- construct line text
	l.text = string.concat(
	'{', l._pos, l._pre, l._fadein, '}',
	(kanji and char or syl).text_stripped
	)
	subs.append(l)

	if trans then
	goto skipchar -- `continue`
	end


	-- Highlight ---------------
	l._pos = "\\an5\\pos(%.2f,%.2f)" % {
	center, middle
	}

	l._pre = "\\shad0\\blur%s" % {_syl.hl.blur}

	l._hl = "\\bord%s\\1a&HFF&\\3c%s\\3a%s" % {
	_syl.hl.bord, _syl.hl.color, _syl.hl.alpha
	}
	..
	"\\t(%.2f,\\fscx%.2f\\fscy%.2f)\\t(%d,%d,%.2f,\\3a&HFF&)" % {
	_syl.hl.accel, _syl.hl.scale, _syl.hl.scale,
	syl.duration * _syl.hl.startfade, syl.duration + _syl.hl.extend,
	_syl.hl.fadeaccel
	}

	l.start_time = l.end_time
	l.end_time = l.start_time + syl.duration + _syl.hl.extend

	-- construct line text
	l.text = string.concat(
	'{', l._pos, l._pre, l._hl, '}', (kanji and char or syl).text_stripped
	)
	subs.append(l)
	end

	-- per char this time
	local middle = romaji
	and line.middle
	or line.styleref.margin_v + char.left
	local center = romaji
	and line.left + char.center
	or meta.res_x - line.styleref.margin_r - char.width/2.0

	-- Highlight2 -------------- (per char also for romaji)
	l = table.copy(line)

	local move_speed = 1.0 * _syl.hl2.move / syl.duration
	local hl_end = (ci-1) * _syl.hl2.diff + syl.duration

	local slide_hl = {[true] = hl_end * move_speed, [false] = 0}

	l._pos = "\\an5\\move(%.2f,%.2f,%.2f,%.2f)" % {
	center, middle,
	center - slide_hl[romaji],
	middle - slide_hl[not romaji]
	}

	l._hl = ""

	l.start_time = line.start_time + syl.start_time
	l.end_time = l.start_time + hl_end

	-- construct line text
	l.text = string.concat(
	'{', l._pos, l._pre, l._hl, '}', char.text_stripped
	)
	subs.append(l)

	-- Fadeout -------------- (per char also for romaji)
	local slide_out = {[true] = _syl.fadeout.dur * move_speed,
	[false] = romaji and -line.height/2 or meta.res_x + char.width/2}
	local out_pos = {[true] = romaji
	and center - slide_hl[romaji] - slide_out[romaji]
	or middle - slide_hl[not romaji] - slide_out[not romaji],
	[false] = slide_out[false]}

	l._pos = "\\an5\\move(%.2f,%.2f,%.2f,%.2f)" % {
	center - slide_hl[romaji],
	middle - slide_hl[not romaji],
	out_pos[romaji],
	out_pos[not romaji]
	}

	l._fadeout = "\\t(%.2f,\\fr%s90)" % {_syl.fadeout.accel, dimensions[not romaji]}

	l.start_time = l.end_time
	l.end_time = l.start_time + _syl.fadeout.dur

	-- construct line text
	l.text = string.concat(
	'{', l._pos, l._pre, l._fadeout, '}', char.text_stripped
	)
	subs.append(l)
	end

	::skipchar:: -- goto anchor
	end

	return 1
	end

	--[[
	Outline:
	- fadein from left side
	- slightly move left on hl
	- fadeout upwards, by syl and char

	Fadein:
	Effect:
	- slide in from left, very thin vertically
	- expand to full size once at target postion
	- right to left?
	- iterative
	- somewhat short

	Timeline:
	[---step1----\| ]
	[ \|-step2-]

	step1
	- \move (left to normal)
	- \fscy < 20, or \fry
	- \bord < normal

	step2
	- \fscy -> 100, or \fry -> 0
	- \bord -> normal

	Fadeout:
	- move upwards after hl, per char
	- carry over highlight movement

	Highlight:
	Effect:
	- Move to left
	- Also display shadow-ish border behind original position

	Timeline:
	[---------step1--------]
	[---------step2--------]
	[ \|-----step3----]

	step1
	- movement

	step2 (accelerated)
	- "grow" from shadow (currently none)

	step3 (accelerated)
	- fade

	Subtitles:
	-
	]]

	register()
	--[[
	A template script used for Automation 4 karaoke FXes with Aegisub
	You will want to call `register()` at the end of your script or whenever at least `script_name` is defined.

	Functions to be defined:

	* init(subs, meta, styles) [optional]

	Called after all possibly existing previous fx lines have been deleted and the karaoke lines restored.
	Do whatever you like in here. Won't be called if `init` is nil.

	@subs
	The subs table passed by aegisub.

	@meta, @styles
	Results of karaskel.collect_head(subs, false).

	* do_fx(subs, meta, styles, line, baseline)

	Called when is_parseble(line) returns `true`, i.e. when you should parse that line.
	The parsed line will be commented and its effect set to "karaoke" iff this function returns a value evaluating
	to `true`.

	@subs
	Same as for init().

	@meta, @styles
	Same as for init().

	@line
	This is the line source you will be using. You can do anything with it, it's in fact a table.copy of
	@baseline with its effect set to "fx" and layer to 2.

	Has a field named "_i" which defines the line's index in `subs` and a field named "_li" which counts up
	every time do_fx is called.

	@baseline
	The table representing the line.
	This is a REFERENCE, you need to table.copy() this before if you want to insert a new copy.
	The line itself should not be modified at all, e.g. when you plan to run this macro a few times.

	Also defines "_i" and "_li" (see @line).

	Variables to be defined (before calling `register()`):

	* script_name


	Includes a variety of utility functions.

	By FichteFoll, last modified: 2014-12-23
	]]

	require("karaskel")

	-- ############################# handler funcs #################################

	function macro_script_handler(subs)
	aegisub.progress.title("Apply "..script_name)

	script_handler(subs)

	aegisub.set_undo_point('"Apply '..script_name..'"')
	end

	function script_handler(subs)
	aegisub.progress.task("Getting header data...")
	local meta, styles = karaskel.collect_head(subs, false)

	-- undo the fx before parsing the karaoke data
	aegisub.progress.task("Removing old karaoke lines...")
	undo_fx(subs)

	aegisub.progress.task("Applying effect...")
	local i, maxi = 1, #subs
	local li = 0

	if init then
	init(subs, meta, styles)
	end

	while i <= maxi do
	local l = subs[i]
	if aegisub.progress.is_cancelled() then
	if aegisub.cancel then aegisub.cancel() end
	return
	end

	aegisub.progress.task(string.format("Applying effect (%d/%d)...", i, maxi))
	aegisub.progress.set((i-1) / maxi * 100)

	if line_is_parseable(l) then
	-- karaskel.preproc_line(subs, meta, styles, l)

	li = li + 1
	l._li = li
	l._i = i

	-- prepare the to-be-copyied line
	local line = table.copy(l)
	line.effect = "fx"
	line.layer = 2

	if do_fx(subs, meta, styles, line, l) then
	l.comment = true
	l.effect = "karaoke"
	end
	subs[i] = l
	end

	i = i + 1
	end

	aegisub.progress.task("Finished!")
	aegisub.progress.set(100)
	end


	function undo_macro_script_handler(subs, ...)
	aegisub.progress.title("Undoing "..script_name)

	undo_fx(subs)

	aegisub.set_undo_point("\"Undo "..script_name.."\"")
	end


	function undo_fx(subs)
	aegisub.progress.task("Unapplying effect...")

	local i, maxi = 1, #subs
	local ai, maxai = i, maxi
	while i <= maxi do
	if aegisub.progress.is_cancelled() then
	if aegisub.cancel then aegisub.cancel() end
	return
	end

	aegisub.progress.task(string.format("Unapplying effect (%d/%d)...", ai, maxai))
	aegisub.progress.set((ai-1) / maxai * 100)

	local l = subs[i]
	if (l.class == "dialogue" and not l.comment and l.effect == "fx") then
	subs.delete(i)
	maxi = maxi - 1
	else
	if (l.class == "dialogue" and l.comment and l.effect == "karaoke") then
	l.comment = false
	l.effect = ''
	subs[i] = l
	end

	i = i + 1
	end
	end
	end


	-- ############################### parsing funcs ###############################

	function parse_syls(line)
	-- parse the line's syllables and add them to the `line._noblank` table
	-- requires you to call karaskel.preproc_line first
	line._noblank = {n = 0}
	for i = 1, line.kara.n do
	local syl = line.kara[i]
	if (syl.duration > 0 and syl.text_stripped ~= ''
	and syl.text_stripped ~= ' ' and syl.text_stripped ~= '　') then
	line._noblank.n = line._noblank.n + 1
	line._noblank[line._noblank.n] = syl
	syl.i = line._noblank.n
	syl._blank = false
	else
	syl._blank = true
	end
	end
	end

	function parse_style_colors(line, style)
	line._c = {}
	line._a = {}
	for i, c, a in colors_from_style(style) do
	line._c[i] = c
	line._a[i] = a
	end
	end

	-- Parse the color overrides on the line (assuming they are the only blocks before the {\k}-block)
	-- and add them to line._colors
	-- Lines should look like this:
	-- {\c&H8D566C&\2c&HC982AE&\3c&H1A0110&}{\t(720,720,,\c&HFFFFFF&\2c&HA99E4F&\3c&H161501&)}
	-- {\t(1900,1900,\2c&HBCA2C6&\c&H605064&\3c&H0B0006&)}{\k24}sho{\k24}se{\k16}n ...
	function parse_line_colors(line)
	line._colors = {_all = ""}

	local colors_str, text = line.text:match("^(.-)({\\k.+)$")
	if not colors_str then
	-- we are probably in a "sub" block, just consume all the override blocks
	-- wat?
	colors_str = ""
	text = line.text:gsub("({.-})", function (override)
	colors_str = colors_str .. override
	return ""
	end)
	end
	if not colors_str then log("No match on line: %s\n", line.text); end

	if colors_str and #colors_str > 0 then
	-- collect color blocks
	for str in colors_str:gmatch("{(.-)}") do
	-- always assuming there is only one \t override tag each
	local start, stop, colors = str:match("\\t%((%d+),(%d+),(%S-)%)")
	-- log("start: %s, stop: %s, colors: %s\n" % {start or "nil", stop or "nil", colors or "nil"})
	if not colors then
	colors = str:match("\\t%((%S-)%)")
	end

	local block = {
	text = str,
	start = tonumber(start) or 0,
	stop = tonumber(stop) or (colors and line.duration or 0),
	colors = colors or str
	}

	if not colors then -- supposed to happen only once
	line._colors._base = block
	else
	table.insert(line._colors, block)
	end
	line._colors._all = line._colors._all .. str
	end

	-- log(repr(line._colors) .. "\n")
	end
	end

	-- ############################### helping funcs ###############################

	-- Returns the selected color `i` (or the first one) at `timestamp` given a few override codes.
	-- Does not check for validity anywhere; do not abuse. Returns nil if color `i` was not found.
	function color_at(col, timestamp, i)
	if not i then i = "[1-4]"; end -- match any color number in the pattern
	if i == 1 then i = "1?"; end -- 1 can be omitted

	function _ret(col)
	-- used to select the specified color "i"; nil if not found
	return col.colors:match("\\"..i.."c(&H%w+&)") or nil
	end

	local active, last
	-- iterate over override blocks for the currently active transition, consider only the last
	local start, stop
	for _, block in ipairs(col) do
	if (timestamp > block.start and timestamp < block.stop and _ret(block)) then
	active = block
	end
	end

	-- ... for the lastly active transition
	for _, block in ipairs(col) do
	if (timestamp > block.stop and _ret(block)) then
	last = block
	end
	end
	if not last then last = col._base; end

	if not active then
	return _ret(last) -- just return the last color
	end

	-- select the specified color
	local start, stop = _ret(last), _ret(active)

	-- either no color or no "new" color found
	if not stop then
	-- log("stcol: %s\n", last.colors)
	-- log("start: %s\n", start)
	return start or nil
	end

	-- interpolate the color
	local pct = (timestamp - active.start) * 1.0 / (active.stop - active.start)
	return interpolate_color(pct, start, stop)
	end

	-- Searches for \t-tag times and shifts them by `by`
	function shift_ttags(str, by)
	return str:gsub("\\t%((%d+),(%d+)", function (start, stop)
	return "\\t(%d,%d" % {tostring(tonumber(start) - by),
	tostring(tonumber(stop) - by)}
	end)
	end

	-- Create a list of charsyls used in char templates
	function get_charsyls(syl)
	local charsyls = {}
	local charsyl = table.copy(syl)

	local left = syl.left
	for c in unicode.chars(syl.text_stripped) do
	charsyl.text = c
	charsyl.text_stripped = c
	charsyl.text_spacestripped = c
	charsyl.prespace, charsyl.postspace = "", "" -- for whatever anyone might use these for
	charsyl.width = aegisub.text_extents(syl.style, c)
	charsyl.left = left
	charsyl.center = left + charsyl.width/2
	charsyl.right = left + charsyl.width
	charsyl.prespacewidth, charsyl.postspacewidth = 0, 0 -- whatever...
	left = left + charsyl.width

	table.insert(charsyls, table.copy(charsyl))
	end

	return charsyls
	end

	function repr(val)
	if type(val) == "table" then
	local str = "{" --"#%d:{" % #val
	for k, v in pairs(val) do
	str = str .. ("%s = %s, "):format(k, repr(v))
	end
	return str:sub(1, -3) .. "}" -- trim last ", "
	elseif type(val) == "string" then
	return '"%s"' % val
	else
	return tostring(val)
	end
	end

	function colors_from_style(style)
	local i = 0

	function enum_colors()
	i = i + 1
	if (i > 4) then
	return nil
	end

	-- i, color, alpha
	return i, color_from_style(style["color"..tostring(i)]), alpha_from_style(style["color"..tostring(i)])
	end

	return enum_colors, nil, nil
	end

	function strip_comments(str)
	return str:gsub("{.-}", "")
	end

	function xor(...)
	-- return the first parameter which evaluates to `true`
	args = {...}
	for v in args do
	if v then return v; end
	end
	return args[#args] -- return the last element if none is true
	end

	function _if(test, a, b)
	return test and a or b
	end

	function line_is_parseable(l)
	return (l.class == "dialogue" and not l.comment)
	or (l.class == "dialogue" and l.comment and l.effect == "karaoke")
	end

	function round(num, idp)
	local mult = 10^(idp or 0)
	if num >= 0 then return math.floor(num * mult + 0.5) / mult
	else return math.ceil(num * mult - 0.5) / mult end
	end

	function randomfloat(min, max)
	return math.random() * (max - min) + min
	end

	function string.concat(...)
	ret = ""
	for _, str in pairs{...} do
	-- there shouldn't be any nils here
	ret = ret..tostring(str)
	end
	return ret
	end

	function string.startswith(self, piece)
	return string.sub(self, 1, string.len(piece)) == piece
	end

	function string.endswith(self, piece)
	return string.sub(self, -string.len(piece)) == piece
	end


	-- ############################### validation funcs ############################

	function macro_validation(subs)
	for i = 1, #subs do
	local l = subs[i]
	if line_is_parseable(l) then
	return true
	end
	end

	return false, "No parseable line found"
	end

	function undo_macro_validation(subs)
	for i = 1, #subs do
	local l = subs[i]
	if (l.class == "dialogue" and (
	(not l.comment and l.effect == "fx") or
	( l.comment and l.effect == "karaoke") )) then
	return true
	end
	end

	return false, "No karaoke line found"
	end

	-- ############################## registering ##################################

	function register()
	aegisub.register_macro("Apply "..script_name,
	"Processing script as templater",
	macro_script_handler,
	macro_validation)
	-- should not be needed (for my setup at least, I have a separate macro which does this)
	-- aegisub.register_macro("Undo "..script_name, "Removing templated lines", undo_macro_script_handler, undo_macro_validation)
	end
	--[[
	These are small operator overloads for general use in Lua, mainly to my likings.

	Written by FichteFoll; thanks to Sleepy_Coder
	2012-12-24
	]]

	local STR, NUM, BOOL, NIL = {}, {}, {}, {}
	STR = getmetatable('')

	-- ("hello")[2] -> e
	STR.__index
	= function (self, key)
	if type(key) == 'number' then
	if key < 1 or key > self:len() then
	error(("Attempt to get index %d which is not in the range of the string's length"):format(key), 2)
	end
	return self:sub(key, key)
	end
	return string[key]
	end

	-- str = "heeeello"; str[3] = "is" -> "heisello" \|\| DOES NOT WORK!
	STR.__newindex =
	function (self, key, value)
	value = tostring(value)
	if type(key) == 'number' and type(value) == 'string' then
	if key < 1 or key > self:len() then
	error(("Attempt to set index %d which is not in the range of the string's length"):format(key), 2)
	end
	-- seems like strings are not referenced ...
	self = self:sub(1, key-1) .. value .. self:sub(key+value:len(), -1)
	-- print(("new value: %s; key: %d"):format(self, key))
	return self
	end
	end

	-- string * num -> string.rep
	STR.__mul =
	function (op1, op2)
	return type(op2) == 'number' and op1:rep(op2) or error("Invalid type for arithmetic on string", 2)
	end

	-- string % table -> string.format
	STR.__mod =
	function (op1, op2)

	if type(op2) == 'table' then
	if #op2 > 0 then
	-- make `nil` to string
	for k,v in pairs(op2) do
	if v == nil then op2[k] = "nil"; end
	end
	return op1:format(unpack(op2)) -- sadly I can not forward errors happening here
	else
	error("Format table is empty", 2)
	end
	else
	return op1:format(op2 == nil and "nil" or op2)
	end
	end

	-- #string -> count chars
	STR.__len =
	function (self)
	return self:len()
	end

	-- e.g. num = 1234.5; num:floor()
	NUM.__index = math

	-- rarely useful
	BOOL.__index = BOOL

	-- a wrapper for boolean tests
	BOOL.b2n =
	function (bool)
	return type(bool) ~= 'boolean' and bool or (bool and 1 or 0)
	end

	-- various arithmetics on booleans by converting `false` to `0` and `true` to `1`.
	-- `nil` will be converted to `0` as well, btw.
	BOOL.__add =
	function (op1, op2)
	-- op2.b2n() won't work because it is possible that one of these ops is not a boolean
	return BOOL.b2n(op1) + BOOL.b2n(op2)
	end

	BOOL.__sub =
	function (op1, op2)
	return BOOL.b2n(op1) - BOOL.b2n(op2)
	end

	BOOL.__mul =
	function (op1, op2)
	return BOOL.b2n(op1) * BOOL.b2n(op2)
	end

	BOOL.__div =
	function (op1, op2)
	return BOOL.b2n(op1) / BOOL.b2n(op2)
	end

	BOOL.__pow =
	function (op1, op2)
	return BOOL.b2n(op1) ^ BOOL.b2n(op2)
	end

	BOOL.__unm =
	function (self)
	return not self
	end

	-- copy BOOL's functions over to NIL and remove a few values
	for key, val in pairs(BOOL) do
	NIL[key] = val
	end
	NIL.b2n = nil
	NIL.__unm = nil

	-- nil[3] -> nil (no error) - is this behaviour useful?
	NIL.__index = NIL

	-- Apparently, Aegisub does not provide the debug module ...
	if debug then
	debug.setmetatable( 0, NUM )
	debug.setmetatable(true, BOOL)
	debug.setmetatable( nil, NIL )
	end