Generating SSH keys

GeneratingSSHkeys.md

Generating SSH keys

SSH keys are a way to identify trusted computers, without involving passwords. The steps below will walk you through generating an SSH key and adding the public key to your GitHub account.

We recommend that you regularly review your SSH keys list and revoke any that haven't been used in a while.

Tip: If you have GitHub for Windows installed, you can use it to clone repositories and not deal with SSH keys. It also comes with the Git Bash tool, which is the preferred way of running git commands on Windows.

Step 1: Check for SSH keys

First, we need to check for existing SSH keys on your computer. Open Git Bash and enter:

ls -al ~/.ssh

Lists the files in your .ssh directory, if they exist

Check the directory listing to see if you already have a public SSH key. By default, the filenames of the public keys are one of the following:

• id_dsa.pub • id_ecdsa.pub • id_ed25519.pub • id_rsa.pub

If you see an existing public and private key pair listed (for example id_rsa.pub and id_rsa) that you would like to use to connect to GitHub, you can skip Step 2 and go straight to Step 3. Tip: If you receive an error that ~/.ssh doesn't exist, don't worry! We'll create it in Step 2.

Step 2: Generate a new SSH key

1. With Git Bash still open, copy and paste the text below. Make sure you substitute in your GitHub email address.

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"

Creates a new ssh key, using the provided email as a label

Generating public/private rsa key pair.

2. We strongly suggest keeping the default settings as they are, so when you're prompted to "Enter a file in which to save the key", just press Enter to continue.

Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/you/.ssh/id_rsa): [Press enter]

3. You'll be asked to enter a passphrase.

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): [Type a passphrase]

Enter same passphrase again: [Type passphrase again]

Tip: We strongly recommend a very good, secure passphrase. For more information, see "Working with SSH key passphrases".

4. After you enter a passphrase, you'll be given the fingerprint, or id, of your SSH key. It will look something like this:

Your identification has been saved in /Users/you/.ssh/id_rsa.

Your public key has been saved in /Users/you/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

The key fingerprint is:

01:0f:f4:3b:ca:85:d6:17:a1:7d:f0:68:9d:f0:a2:db your_email@example.com

Step 3: Add your key to the ssh-agent

To configure the ssh-agent program to use your SSH key: If you have GitHub for Windows installed, you can use it to clone repositories and not deal with SSH keys. It also comes with the Git Bash tool, which is the preferred way of running git commands on Windows.

1. Ensure ssh-agent is enabled:

• If you are using Git Bash, turn on ssh-agent:

start the ssh-agent in the background

ssh-agent -s

Agent pid 59566

• If you are using another terminal prompt, such as msysgit, turn on ssh-agent:

start the ssh-agent in the background

eval $(ssh-agent -s)

Agent pid 59566

2. Add your SSH key to the ssh-agent:

ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa Tip: If you didn't generate a new SSH key in Step 2, and used an existing SSH key instead, you will need to replaceid_rsa in the above command with the name of your existing private key file.

Step 4: Add your SSH key to your account

To configure your GitHub account to use your SSH key:

Copy the SSH key to your clipboard. If your key is named id_dsa.pub, id_ecdsa.pub orid_ed25519.pub, then change the filename below from id_rsa.pub to the one that matches your key:

clip < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

Copies the contents of the id_rsa.pub file to your clipboard

Warning: It's important to copy the key exactly without adding newlines or whitespace.

Add the copied key to GitHub: