can you guys recommend a good, comprehensive explanation of functions that goes beyond writing a function that adds two integers? More examples would be nice.
A function is a way to name a piece of code and reuse it with different values.
The most basic example is something like... ah... I can't think of any examples off the top of my head that don't take or return anything right now but let's say closing the program and pretend it doesn't take anything. It might be a lot of code and you don't really care how it works just what it does eg. exit();
As an example of more than just a simple name imagine calculating the volume of a rectangular box:
int width = 53;
int height = 24;
int length = 32;
int volume = width * height * length;