Spanish Verb Conjugation Cheat Sheet.md

Spanish Verb Conjugation Cheat Sheet

A summary of https://www.clozemaster.com/blog/spanish-tenses/

Indicative - "real"

1. Present simple - Used to talk about habits or general occurrences:

   	AR	ER	IR
   Example verb	hablar	comer	abrir
   yo	(habl)o	(com)o	(abr)o
   tú	(habl)as	(com)es	(abr)es
   él/ella	(habl)a	(com)e	(abr)e
   nosotros	(habl)amos	(com)emos	(abr)imos
   ellos/ellas	(habl)an	(com)en	(abr)en

2. Past preterite - Used for specific events that happened at a certain time in the past:

   	AR	ER/IR
   Example verb	hablar	comer
   yo	(habl)é	(com)í
   tú	(habl)aste	(com)iste
   él/ella	(habl)ó	(com)ió
   nosotros	(habl)amos	(com)imos
   ellos/ellas	(habl)aron	(com)ieron

3. Past imperfect - Used for past habitual events or to set a scene in the past:

   	AR	ER/IR
   Example verb	hablar	comer
   yo	(habl)aba	(com)ía
   tú	(habl)abas	(com)ías
   él/ella	(habl)aba	(com)ía
   nosotros	(habl)ábamos	(com)íamos
   ellos/ellas	(habl)aban	(com)ían

4. Future - Similar to using "will" in English, used to talk about events that will happen in the future:

   	AR/ER/IR
   Example verb	hablar
   yo	(hablar)é
   tú	(hablar)ás
   él/ella	(hablar)á
   nosotros	(hablar)emos
   ellos/ellas	(hablar)án

5. Conditional - Used to express what "would" happen under certain conditions or referring to the future from a past perspective:

   	AR/ER/IR
   Example verb	hablar
   yo	(hablar)ía
   tú	(hablar)ías
   él/ella	(hablar)ía
   nosotros	(hablar)íamos
   ellos/ellas	(hablar)ían

Subjunctive - uncertain, unknown

6. Present subjunctive - Used to express doubt, wishes, emotions, and other non-factual statements:

   	AR	ER/IR
   Example verb	hablar	comer
   yo	(habl)e	(com)a
   tú	(habl)es	(com)as
   él/ella	(habl)e	(com)a
   nosotros	(habl)emos	(com)amos
   ellos/ellas	(habl)en	(com)an

7. Past subjunctive - Used in the same contexts as the present subjunctive but refers to past events:

   To get base, take 3rd person plural of past preterite, drop the -on

   	AR/ER/IR
   Example verb	comer
   yo	(comier)a
   tú	(comier)as
   él/ella	(comier)a
   nosotros	(comiér)amos
   ellos/ellas	(comier)an

8. Imperative - Used for commands, requests, or advice:

   	AR	ER/IR
   Example verb	hablar	comer
   tú (affirmative)	(habl)a	(com)e
   tú (negative)	(habl)es	(com)as
   él/ella	(habl)e	(com)a
   nosotros	(habl)emos	(com)amos
   ellos/ellas	(habl)en	(com)an