Running Fully Automated E2E Tests in Electron in a Docker Container with Playwright: https://blog.dangl.me/archive/running-fully-automated-e2e-tests-in-electron-in-a-docker-container-with-playwright/

common-setup.ts

const path = require('path');

import { _electron } from 'playwright';

export default function setup(): void {
  beforeEach(async function () {
    this.electronApp = await _electron.launch({
      args: ['--disable_splash_screen', path.join(__dirname, '..')]
    });
  });

  afterEach(function () {
    if (this.electronApp) {
      return this.electronApp.close();
    }
  });
}

Dockerfile

FROM node:14 AS node

FROM node AS headless
RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y xvfb \
    libgbm1 \
    libxss1 \
    libnss3 \
    libgtk-3-dev \
    libasound2-dev \
    unzip \
    dos2unix \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

FROM headless AS final
ADD docker-entrypoint.sh /docker-entrypoint.sh
RUN chmod +x /docker-entrypoint.sh
RUN dos2unix /docker-entrypoint.sh
EXPOSE 9515
ENV ELECTRON_ENABLE_STACK_DUMPING=true
ENV ELECTRON_ENABLE_LOGGING=true
ENTRYPOINT [ "/docker-entrypoint.sh" ]

entrypoint.sh

#!/bin/bash

echo "Starting Xvfb"
Xvfb :99 -ac &
sleep 2

export DISPLAY=:99
echo "Executing command $@"

exec "$@"

maine2e.ts

import { E2eAppConfigService } from './e2e-app-config-service';
import { Page } from 'playwright';
import commonSetup from './common-setup';
import { expect } from 'chai';

describe('my-project-ui App', function () {
  commonSetup.apply(this);

  let page: Page;
  let appConfig: { backendUrl: string };

  beforeEach(async function () {
    page = await this.electronApp.firstWindow();
    appConfig = new E2eAppConfigService().getAppConfig();
  });

  it('should display text in header', async function () {
    const text = await getText('dangl-header h1');
    expect(text).to.contain('header text');
  });

  it('creates initial windows', async function () {
    const windows = await this.electronApp.windows();
    expect(windows.length).to.equal(1);
  });

  function getText(selector: string): Promise<string> {
    return page.textContent(selector);
  }
});

startup.sh

docker run -v /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/Project/ui/dangl-project-ui:/app/src \
  --rm \
  --network="e2e7e965ac9ae_default"\
  --privileged projectname-e2e:dev \
  sh -c "cd /app/src/ && \
    rm -rf node_modules && \
    mkdir node_modules && \
    mount -t tmpfs -o rw,size=5G tmpfs node_modules && \
    rm -rf dist && \
    mkdir dist && \
    mount -t tmpfs -o rw,size=1G tmpfs dist && \
    npm ci --no-progress && \
    npm run e2e:docker"

@GeorgDangl yep I realized my mistake after I went further down the rabbit hole. Your solution already starts Xvfb, so no need to use xvfb-run when kicking off the tests. I'm still have (virtual) screen resolution issues but I think I'm on my way. Thanks for the response.