UpdateDataGridFromBackgroundThread

DataThread.cs

public static class DataThread
{
    public static Action<DataTable> UpdateDelegate { get; set; }

    public static void Execute(TimeSpan updateRate, TimeSpan sleepRate)
    {
        var key = int.MinValue;
        var dataTable = CreateDataTable();
        var columns = dataTable.Columns;
        var rows = dataTable.Rows;
        var random = new Random();
        var stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        while (true)
        {
            do
            {
                // add
                if (rows.Count < 10)
                {
                    var rowValues = Enumerable.Range(0, columns.Count - 1).Select(c => (object) random.Next(0, 500))
                        .ToArray();
                    rows.Add(new object[] {key++}.Concat(rowValues).ToArray());
                }

                // remove
                if (rows.Count > 0 && random.Next(0, 99) < 5)
                {
                    var rowIndex = random.Next(0, rows.Count);
                    rows.RemoveAt(rowIndex);
                }

                // update
                if (rows.Count > 0)
                    for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                    {
                        var columnIndex = random.Next(1, columns.Count);
                        var rowIndex = random.Next(0, rows.Count);
                        rows[rowIndex][columnIndex] = i;
                    }

                Thread.Sleep(sleepRate);
            } while (stopwatch.Elapsed < updateRate);

            var changes = dataTable.GetChanges();
            UpdateDelegate(changes);
            dataTable.AcceptChanges();

            stopwatch.Reset();
            stopwatch.Start();
        }
    }

    public static DataTable CreateDataTable()
    {
        var dataTable = new DataTable();

        var key = dataTable.Columns.Add("Key", typeof(int));
        dataTable.PrimaryKey = new[] {key};

        for (var c = 'A'; c <= 'G'; c++)
        {
            dataTable.Columns.Add(c.ToString(), typeof(int));
        }

        dataTable.AcceptChanges();

        return dataTable;
    }
}

Form1.cs

public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        _dataGridView.DoubleBuffered(true);
    }

    public DataTable DataTable
    {
        get => _dataGridView.DataSource as DataTable;
        set
        {
            _dataGridView.DataSource = value;
            _dataGridView.Columns[0].Visible = false;
        }
    }
}

Program.cs

static class Program
{
    [STAThread]
    static void Main()
    {
        Application.EnableVisualStyles();
        Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);

        var uiDataTable = DataThread.CreateDataTable();
        var mainForm = new Form1 {DataTable = uiDataTable};
        void UiDelegate(DataTable uiChanges) => uiDataTable.Merge(uiChanges);

        DataThread.UpdateDelegate = changes => mainForm.Invoke((Action<DataTable>) UiDelegate, changes);
        var dataThread = new Thread(_ => DataThread.Execute(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(300), TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(50)));

        mainForm.Load += (sender, args) => dataThread.Start();
        mainForm.Closed += (sender, args) => dataThread.Abort();

        Application.Run(mainForm);
    }
}