Useful Shell Commands for Web Development

shell-commands.txt

Compress: tar -czvf name-of-archive.tar.gz /path/to/directory-or-file
Extract: tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz

compress with exclusion of some folders:

tar --exclude='./folder' --exclude='./upload/folder2' -zcvf /backup/filename.tgz .

To find the files using it's name:
find <path> -name "filename-with-extension"

Unzip a ZIP file:
unzip file.zip -d destination_folder

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chown

chown owner-user file 
chown owner-user:owner-group file
chown owner-user:owner-group directory
chown options owner-user:owner-group file

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Tail command
tail -n 10 error.log - Shows the last 10 lines from an error log.
tail -f error.log - Shows all newly added lines from a log file in real-time on the shell.
tail -n 100 error.log | more 
- Shows the last 100 lines a single line at a time using the "more" command.
Useful for showing more lines than will fit in your shell window.
Press the space bar to view the next line.

ctrl + c - Quits tail and returns to the command line.

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MySQL import and export:

mysqldump -u USERNAME -p DATABASE > backup.sql --- export to the file

mysqldump -u USERNAME -p DATABASE < backup.sql -- import the db from file

If it's an entire DB, then:
$ mysqldump -u [uname] -p db_name > db_backup.sql -- you will be asked to enter password next

If it's all DBs, then:
$ mysqldump -u [uname] -p[pass] --all-databases > all_db_backup.sql

If it's specific tables within a DB, then:
$ mysqldump -u [uname] -p[pass] db_name table1 table2 > table_backup.sql

You can even go as far as auto-compressing the output using gzip (if your DB is very big):
$ mysqldump -u [uname] -p[pass] db_name | gzip > db_backup.sql.gz

If you want to do this remotely and you have the access to the server in question, then the following would work (presuming the MySQL server is on port 3306):
$ mysqldump -P 3306 -h [ip_address] -u [uname] -p[pass] db_name > db_backup.sql
It should drop the .sql file in the folder you run the command-line from.