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| ║ Scenario ║ Block storage (local/NVMe) ║ Network block (cloud volume) ║ S3‑style object API ║ VIX (QUIC over LAN) ║ | |
| ╠════════════════════════════════════╬════════════════════════════╬══════════════════════════════╬════════════════════════╬════════════════════════╣ | |
| ║ Small I/O latency (4–64 KB) ║ ~0.02–0.5 ms ║ ~0.5–5 ms ║ ~30–150 ms per op ║ ~2–10 ms ║ | |
| ║ Sequential throughput (1 GB file) ║ 2–7 GB/s ║ 100–500 MB/s ║ 50–150 MB/s per stream ║ ~110 MB/s on 1 Gbps ║ | |
| ║ List 1,000 files ║ <5 ms ║ 10-50 ms ║ 200–1000 ms ║ 5-30 ms ║ | |
| ║ Many tiny files (IOPS feel) ║ 100k–1M+ IOPS ║ 5k-50k IOPS ║ Tens/sec ║ |