ID.elm

module ID exposing (ID(..), decodeFromString, decoder, encode, encodeAsString, fromInt, toInt, toString)

import Json.Decode as Decode exposing (Decoder)
import Json.Encode as Encode exposing (Value)


{-| This type ensures you get a type error if you for example accidentally pass a UserId in place of a CompanyId
-}
type ID phantom
    = ID Int


toInt : ID phantom -> Int
toInt (ID int) =
    int


fromInt : Int -> ID phantom
fromInt int =
    ID int


toString : ID phantom -> String
toString (ID int) =
    String.fromInt int


decoder : Decoder (ID phantom)
decoder =
    Decode.map ID Decode.int


encode : ID phantom -> Value
encode (ID int) =
    Encode.int int


encodeAsString : ID phantom -> Value
encodeAsString (ID int) =
    Encode.string (String.fromInt int)


decodeFromString : Decoder (ID phantom)
decodeFromString =
    Decode.string
        |> Decode.andThen
            (\string ->
                case String.toInt string of
                    Just int ->
                        Decode.succeed int

                    Nothing ->
                        Decode.fail ("ID is not convertible to Int: " ++ string)
            )
        |> Decode.map ID

User.elm

module User exposing (ID, User, UserId(..), decoder, encode)

import ID
import Json.Decode as Decode exposing (Decoder)
import Json.Encode as Encode exposing (Value)


type UserId
    = UserId


type alias ID =
    ID.ID UserId


type alias User =
    { id : ID
    , name : String
    }


decoder : Decoder User
decoder =
    Decode.map2 User
        (Decode.field "id" ID.decoder)
        (Decode.field "name" Decode.string)


encode : User -> Value
encode user =
    Encode.object
        [ ( "id", ID.encode user.id )
        , ( "name", Encode.string user.name )
        ]

Thank you for this 🙇‍♂️