A basic CloudFormation template for HTTPD running on EC2 in VPC, with EIP.

gistfile1.txt

{
  "Description": "Bring up an EC2 that runs apache HTTP server",
  "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09",
  "Parameters": {
    "InstanceType": {
      "Description": "EC2 instance type",
      "Type": "String",
      "Default": "t2.nano"
    },
    "InstanceAMI": {
      "Description": "EC2 AMI (default to eu-west-2 Amazon Linux 2 LTS Candidate 2)",
      "Type": "AWS::EC2::Image::Id",
      "Default": "ami-b98667de"
    },
    "VPC": {
      "Description": "VPC ID",
      "Type": "AWS::EC2::VPC::Id"
    },
    "Subnet": {
      "Description": "VPC subnet",
      "Type": "String"
    },
    "KeyName": {
      "Description": "Key pair for SSH access",
      "Type": "AWS::EC2::KeyPair::KeyName"
    }
  },
  "Resources": {
    "ServerSecurityGroup": {
      "Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup",
      "Properties": {
        "GroupDescription": "Allow public access to HTTP and SSH",
        "SecurityGroupIngress": [
          {
            "IpProtocol": "tcp",
            "FromPort": "80",
            "ToPort": "80",
            "CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0"
          },
          {
            "IpProtocol": "tcp",
            "FromPort": "22",
            "ToPort": "22",
            "CidrIp": "0.0.0.0/0"
          }
        ],
        "VpcId": {
          "Ref": "VPC"
        }
      },
      "Metadata": {
      }
    },
    "ServerStaticIP": {
      "Type": "AWS::EC2::EIP",
      "Properties": {
        "InstanceId": {
          "Ref": "ServerEC2"
        }
      }
    },
    "ServerEC2": {
      "Type": "AWS::EC2::Instance",
      "Properties": {
        "InstanceType": {
          "Ref": "InstanceType"
        },
        "SecurityGroupIds": [
          {
            "Ref": "ServerSecurityGroup"
          }
        ],
        "KeyName": {
          "Ref": "KeyName"
        },
        "ImageId": {
          "Ref": "InstanceAMI"
        },
        "SubnetId": {
          "Ref": "Subnet"
        },
        "UserData": {
          "Fn::Base64": {
            "Fn::Join": [
              "",
              [
                "#!/bin/bash -xe\n",
                "/opt/aws/bin/cfn-init -v ",
                "         --stack ",
                {
                  "Ref": "AWS::StackName"
                },
                "         --resource ServerEC2",
                "         --configsets install-and-init",
                "         --region ",
                {
                  "Ref": "AWS::Region"
                },
                "\n"
              ]
            ]
          }
        }
      },
      "Metadata": {
        "AWS::CloudFormation::Init": {
          "configSets": {
            "install-and-init": [
              "install-pkgs",
              "service-init",
              "finalise"
            ]
          },
          "install-pkgs": {
            "packages": {
              "yum": {
                "httpd": []
              }
            }
          },
          "service-init": {
            "files": {
              "/var/www/html/index.html": {
                "content": "Hello there",
                "mode": "000644",
                "owner": "root",
                "group": "root"
              }
            },
            "services": {
              "sysvinit": {
                "httpd": {
                  "enabled": "true",
                  "ensureRunning": "true"
                }
              }
            }
          },
          "finalise": {
            "commands": {
              "touch-a-file": {
                "command": "touch /root/cloudformation-done"
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "Outputs": {
    "WebsiteURL": {
      "Description": "Visit the HTTP site over here",
      "Value": {
        "Fn::Join": [
          "",
          [
            "http://",
            {
              "Fn::GetAtt": [
                "ServerEC2",
                "PublicIp"
              ]
            }
          ]
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}