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November 20, 2013 08:29
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require(fpp) | |
# Please make sure at least v3.10 of the forecast is loaded | |
# before running these examples. | |
# Three examples | |
beer <- aggregate(ausbeer) | |
plot(beer) | |
plot(a10) | |
plot(taylor) | |
# Fully automated forecasting | |
plot(forecast(beer)) | |
plot(forecast(a10)) | |
plot(forecast(taylor)) | |
# Test methods on a test set | |
beertrain <- window(beer,end=1999.99) | |
beertest <- window(beer,start=2000) | |
a10train <- window(a10,end=2005.99) | |
a10test <- window(a10,start=2006) | |
# Simple methods for the BEER data | |
f1 <- meanf(beertrain,h=8) | |
f2 <- rwf(beertrain,h=8) | |
f3 <- rwf(beertrain,drift=TRUE,h=8) | |
plot(f2) | |
# In-sample accuracy | |
accuracy(f1) | |
accuracy(f2) | |
accuracy(f3) | |
# Out-of-sample accuracy | |
accuracy(f1,beertest) | |
accuracy(f2,beertest) | |
accuracy(f3,beertest) | |
# Exponential smoothing | |
fit1 <- ets(beertrain, model="ANN", damped=FALSE) | |
fit2 <- ets(beertrain) | |
fcast1 <- forecast(fit1, h=8) | |
fcast2 <- forecast(fit2, h=8) | |
plot(fcast2) | |
accuracy(fcast1,beertest) | |
accuracy(fcast2,beertest) | |
# Transformations | |
lam <- BoxCox.lambda(a10) | |
fit <- ets(a10, additive=TRUE, lambda=lam) | |
plot(forecast(fit)) | |
plot(forecast(fit),include=60) | |
# ARIMA forecasting | |
tsdisplay(beertrain) | |
tsdisplay(diff(beertrain)) | |
fit1 <- Arima(beertrain,order=c(3,1,0)) | |
fit2 <- auto.arima(beertrain) | |
fcast1 <- forecast(fit1,h=8) | |
fcast2 <- forecast(fit2,h=8) | |
plot(fcast1) | |
plot(fcast2) | |
accuracy(fcast1,beertest) | |
accuracy(fcast2,beertest) | |
tsdisplay(BoxCox(a10,lam)) | |
tsdisplay(diff(BoxCox(a10,lam),12)) | |
fit1 <- Arima(a10train,lambda=lam, order=c(3,0,0), | |
seasonal=list(order=c(0,1,2),period=12)) | |
fit2 <- auto.arima(a10train,lambda=lam) | |
fcast1 <- forecast(fit1,h=30) | |
fcast2 <- forecast(fit2,h=30) | |
plot(fcast1) | |
plot(fcast2) | |
plot(fcast1,include=60) | |
lines(fcast2$mean,col="red") | |
lines(a10test) | |
accuracy(fcast1,a10test) | |
accuracy(fcast2,a10test) | |
# High frequency data | |
plot(taylor) | |
taylor.stl <- stl(taylor,s.window=7) | |
plot(taylor.stl) | |
plot(seasadj(taylor.stl)) | |
fcast <- forecast(taylor.stl) | |
plot(fcast) | |
# Equivalent to: | |
fcast <- stlf(taylor) | |
plot(fcast) | |
# Double frequency data | |
fcast <- dshw(taylor,336,48) | |
plot(fcast) | |
# Time series cross-validation | |
k <- 48 | |
n <- length(a10) | |
mae1 <- mae2 <- mae3 <- matrix(NA,n-k-1,12) | |
for(i in 1:(n-k-1)) | |
{ | |
xshort <- window(a10,end=1995+5/12+i/12) | |
xnext <- window(a10,start=1995+(6+i)/12,end=1996+(5+i)/12) | |
fit1 <- tslm(xshort ~ trend + season, lambda=0) | |
fcast1 <- forecast(fit1,h=12) | |
fit2 <- auto.arima(xshort, lambda=0) | |
fcast2 <- forecast(fit2,h=12) | |
fit3 <- ets(xshort) | |
fcast3 <- forecast(fit3,h=12) | |
mae1[i,] <- c(abs(fcast1$mean-xnext),rep(NA,12-length(xnext))) | |
mae2[i,] <- c(abs(fcast2$mean-xnext),rep(NA,12-length(xnext))) | |
mae3[i,] <- c(abs(fcast3$mean-xnext),rep(NA,12-length(xnext))) | |
} | |
plot(1:12,colSums(mae3,na.rm=TRUE),type="l",col=4,xlab="horizon",ylab="MAE") | |
lines(1:12,colSums(mae2,na.rm=TRUE),type="l",col=3) | |
lines(1:12,colSums(mae1,na.rm=TRUE),type="l",col=2) | |
legend("topleft",legend=c("LM","ARIMA","ETS"),col=2:4,lty=1) |
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