Extension methods: BigInteger to Binary, Hex, and Octal

BigIntegerExtensions.cs

using System;
using System.Numerics;
using System.Text;

/// <summary>
/// Extension methods to convert <see cref="System.Numerics.BigInteger"/>
/// instances to hexadecimal, octal, and binary strings.
/// </summary>
public static class BigIntegerExtensions
{
  /// <summary>
  /// Converts a <see cref="BigInteger"/> to a binary string.
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="bigint">A <see cref="BigInteger"/>.</param>
  /// <returns>
  /// A <see cref="System.String"/> containing a binary
  /// representation of the supplied <see cref="BigInteger"/>.
  /// </returns>
  public static string ToBinaryString(this BigInteger bigint)
  {
    var bytes = bigint.ToByteArray();
    var idx = bytes.Length - 1;

    // Create a StringBuilder having appropriate capacity.
    var base2 = new StringBuilder(bytes.Length * 8);

    // Convert first byte to binary.
    var binary = Convert.ToString(bytes[idx], 2);

    // Ensure leading zero exists if value is positive.
    if (binary[0] != '0' && bigint.Sign == 1)
    {
      base2.Append('0');
    }

    // Append binary string to StringBuilder.
    base2.Append(binary);

    // Convert remaining bytes adding leading zeros.
    for (idx--; idx >= 0; idx--)
    {
      base2.Append(Convert.ToString(bytes[idx], 2).PadLeft(8, '0'));
    }

    return base2.ToString();
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// Converts a <see cref="BigInteger"/> to a hexadecimal string.
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="bigint">A <see cref="BigInteger"/>.</param>
  /// <returns>
  /// A <see cref="System.String"/> containing a hexadecimal
  /// representation of the supplied <see cref="BigInteger"/>.
  /// </returns>
  public static string ToHexadecimalString(this BigInteger bigint)
  {
    return bigint.ToString("X");
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// Converts a <see cref="BigInteger"/> to a octal string.
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="bigint">A <see cref="BigInteger"/>.</param>
  /// <returns>
  /// A <see cref="System.String"/> containing an octal
  /// representation of the supplied <see cref="BigInteger"/>.
  /// </returns>
  public static string ToOctalString(this BigInteger bigint)
  {
    var bytes = bigint.ToByteArray();
    var idx = bytes.Length - 1;

    // Create a StringBuilder having appropriate capacity.
    var base8 = new StringBuilder(((bytes.Length / 3) + 1) * 8);

    // Calculate how many bytes are extra when byte array is split
    // into three-byte (24-bit) chunks.
    var extra = bytes.Length % 3;

    // If no bytes are extra, use three bytes for first chunk.
    if (extra == 0)
    {
      extra = 3;
    }

    // Convert first chunk (24-bits) to integer value.
    int int24 = 0;
    for (; extra != 0; extra--)
    {
      int24 <<= 8;
      int24 += bytes[idx--];
    }

    // Convert 24-bit integer to octal without adding leading zeros.
    var octal = Convert.ToString(int24, 8);

    // Ensure leading zero exists if value is positive.
    if (octal[0] != '0' && bigint.Sign == 1)
    {
      base8.Append('0');
    }

    // Append first converted chunk to StringBuilder.
    base8.Append(octal);

    // Convert remaining 24-bit chunks, adding leading zeros.
    for (; idx >= 0; idx -= 3)
    {
      int24 = (bytes[idx] << 16) + (bytes[idx - 1] << 8) + bytes[idx - 2];
      base8.Append(Convert.ToString(int24, 8).PadLeft(8, '0'));
    }

    return base8.ToString();
  }
}