OutputTemplateDetails.php

<?php

class OutputTemplateDetails {

    function init() {
	    add_action( 'all', [$this, 'output_template_data'], 10, 2);
    }

	function get_template_location($slug, $name) {
		$templates = array();
		$name = (string) $name;
		if ( '' !== $name ) {
			$templates[] = "{$slug}-{$name}.php";
		}
		$templates[] = "{$slug}.php";

		return locate_template($templates);
    }

	function output_template_data($hook, $slug = '', $name = '') {
		$PREFIX = 'get_template_part_';
		if (strpos($hook, $PREFIX) !== false) {
			$strippedName = str_replace($PREFIX, '', $hook);
			$templateLocation = $this->get_template_location($slug, $name);
			$templateData = [
				'location' => $templateLocation,
				'name' => $strippedName
			];
			$jsonTemplate = json_encode($templateData);
			echo "<!-- WP-TEMPLATE: ${jsonTemplate} -->";
		}
	}
}

$outputTemplate = new OutputTemplateDetails();
$outputTemplate->init();