Plot a line chart in PowerShell

ALineChart.ps1

Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization

Function Out-LineChart {
	[CmdletBinding()]
	Param (
		[Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)]
		[Hashtable]$Data
		,
		[Parameter()]
		[string]$Title = 'Line Chart'
		,
		[Parameter()]
		[int]$Width = 800
		,
		[Parameter()]
		[int]$Height = 600
		,
		[Parameter()]
		[System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.Axis]$XAxis = [System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.Axis]::new()
		,
		[Parameter()]
		[System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.Axis]$YAxis = [System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.Axis]::new()
		,
		[Parameter()]
		[System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.ChartValueType]$XType = [System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.ChartValueType]::Auto
		,
		[Parameter()]
		[System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.ChartValueType]$YType = [System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.ChartValueType]::Auto
		,
		[Parameter()]
		[string]$XProperty = 'X'
		,
		[Parameter()]
		[string]$YProperty = 'Y'
	)
	Begin {
		$chartArea = [Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.ChartArea]::new()
		$chartArea.AxisX = $XAxis
		$chartArea.AxisY = $YAxis
		
		$chart = [Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.Chart]::new()
		$chart.Width = $Width
		$chart.Height = $Height
		$chart.ChartAreas.Add($chartArea)
	}
	Process {
		foreach ($key in $Data.Keys) {
			$series = [Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.Series]::new()
			$series.Name = $key
			$series.ChartType = [System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.SeriesChartType]::Line
			$series.XValueType = $XType
			$series.YValueType = $YType
			foreach ($point in ($Data[$key] | Sort-Object $XProperty)) {
				$series.Points.AddXY($point."$XProperty", $point."$YProperty") | Out-Null
			}
			$chart.Series.Add($series)
		}
	}
	End {
		$form = [Windows.Forms.Form]::new()
		$form.Text = $Title
		$form.Width = $Width
		$form.Height = $Height
		$form.Controls.Add($chart)

		# Show the form
		$form.ShowDialog() | Out-Null
	}

}

Function Append-MissingIntervals {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [PSCustomObject[]]$Series
        ,
        [Parameter()]
        [ValidateScript({($_.TotalMilliseconds -ne 0) -or (throw 'Interval cannot be 0')})]
        [TimeSpan]$Interval = [TimeSpan]::Parse('01:00:00')
        ,
        [Parameter()]
        [Nullable[DateTime]]$Start = $null
        ,
        [Parameter()]
        [Nullable[DateTime]]$End = $null
        ,
        [Parameter()]
        [string]$XProperty = 'X'
        ,
        [Parameter()]
        [string]$YProperty = 'Y'
    )
    if (($null -eq $Start) -or ($null -eq $End)) {
        $maxmin = $Series."$XProperty" | Measure-Object -Maximum -Minimum
        if ($null -eq $Start) {$Start = $maxmin.Minimum}
        if ($null -eq $End) {$End = $maxmin.Maximum}
    }
    if ($Start -gt $End) {
        $swap = $Start
        $Start = $End
        $End = $swap
    }
    if ($Interval.TotalMilliseconds -lt 0) {
        $Interval = -$Interval
    }
    # convert our series to a hashtable for quick lookups
    $hash = @{}
    foreach ($item in $Series) {
        $hash[$item.$XProperty] = $item.$YProperty
    }
    $current = $Start
    while ($current -le $End) {
        if (!$hash.ContainsKey($current)) {
            $hash[$current] = 0
        }
        $current += $Interval
    }
    foreach ($item in $hash.GetEnumerator()) {
        ([PSCustomObject]@{
            $XProperty = $item.Name
            $YProperty = $item.Value
        })
    }
}

# todo: improve how we initialise the axis values... want them to be parameterised to the function, but without the caller needing to know / interact with the .net classes directly
$x = [System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.Axis]::new()
$x.IntervalType = [System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.DateTimeIntervalType]::Days
$x.LabelStyle.Format = "yyyy-MM-dd HH"
$x.LabelStyle.Interval = 1
# We may want to set XType to [System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.ChartValueType]::DateTime.. will see if auto cuts it.
$x.Title = "When"

$y = [System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting.Axis]::new()
$y.Title = '# of Timeouts'

# Read logs
$data = Get-Item './path/to/logs/log_2024*.csv' | % FullName | Import-Csv -Delimiter ';' | Where-Object{$_.type -like 'ERROR*' -and $_.Message -like 'The operation has timed out.*'} | %{[DateTime]::Parse("$($_.Date.Trim()) $($_.Time.Substring(0,2)):00:00")} | Group-Object | Select-Object @{N='Name';E={$_.Name -as [DateTime]}}, Count

Out-LineChart -Data @{
    Series1 = (Append-MissingIntervals -Series $data -XProperty 'Name' -YProperty 'Count' -End (Get-Date -Minute 0 -Second 0 -Millisecond 0))
    Series2 = $data
} -XAxis $x -YAxis $y -XProperty 'Name' -YProperty 'Count'

ExampleOutput.png