Powershell trigger breakpoint when a terminating exception occurs

Debug-OnException.ps1

using namespace System.Management.Automation

function Debug-OnException ($file) {
    #Get-PSBreakPoint -Variable stacktrace | Remove-PSBreakpoint
    $null = Set-PSBreakpoint -Variable stacktrace -Mode Write -Action {
        $lastCommandCallStack = (get-pscallstack)[1]
        $lastCommandExecuted = $lastCommandCallStack.position
        $lastCommandLocation = $lastCommandCallStack.location
        [bool]$isThrowStatement = if ([Language.Parser]::ParseInput($lastCommandExecuted,[ref]$null,[ref]$null).FindAll(
            {$args[0] -is [Language.ThrowStatementAst]},$true
        )) {$true} else {$false}

        #Skip some non-exception related stacktrace updates
        if ($stacktrace -match 'CheckActionPreference|ThrowTerminatingError|ForEachObjectCommand\.ProcessRecord') {
            continue
        }
        
        if ($isThrowStatement) {
            #If this error was from a throw statement, wait for the throw logic to read erroractionpreference, at which point $Error will be updated
            #This will not trigger if the thrown exception is caught by trap or try/catch first
            #Ref: https://github.com/PowerShell/vscode-powershell/issues/298#issuecomment-343485564
            if (-not (Get-PSBreakpoint -Variable ErrorActionPreference)) {
                $null = Set-PSBreakpoint -Variable ErrorActionPreference -Mode Read -Action {
                    $lastCommandCallStack = (get-pscallstack)[1]
                    $lastCommandExecuted = $lastCommandCallStack.position
                    $lastCommandLocation = $lastCommandCallStack.location
                    [bool]$isThrowStatement = if ([Language.Parser]::ParseInput($lastCommandExecuted,[ref]$null,[ref]$null).FindAll(
                        {$args[0] -is [Language.ThrowStatementAst]},$true
                    )) {$true} else {$false}

                    if ($isThrowStatement) {
                        write-host ([Environment]::NewLine)
                        write-host -fore red "==========================================================================="
                        write-host -fore red "Thrown Exception at $($lastCommandLocation) {$lastCommandExecuted}"
                        write-host -fore red "==========================================================================="
                        break
                    } else {
                        Get-PSBreakpoint -Variable ErrorActionPreference | Remove-PSBreakpoint 2>&1
                    }
                }
            }
            continue
        }

        #If it is not a throw statement, continue normally
        write-host ([Environment]::NewLine)
        write-host -fore red "==========================================================================="
        write-host -fore red "Exception at $($lastCommandLocation) {$lastCommandExecuted}"
        write-host -fore red "==========================================================================="
        
        #Since we can't watch Error for changes (it's a readonly "constant"), for non-throw errors we have to re-run the last command to capture it within the debug context, since when this breakpoint hits, $Error has not been updated yet.
        if (-not $PSDebugNoErrorCapture) {
            write-host -fore darkyellow "Re-Executing '$($lastCommandExecuted)' to attempt to capture the error. You can disable this behavior by setting `$PSDebugNoErrorCapture to `$true"
            try {
                $null = Invoke-Expression $lastCommandExecuted
            } catch {
                $GLOBAL:PSDebugCapturedError = $PSItem
            }
            if ($GLOBAL:PSDebugCapturedError) {
                #ISSUE: If broken within a function, extraneous scope number errors show up in $Error, hence why we capture to a separate variable.
                Write-Host -fore DarkYellow "Error capture succeeded and stored to `$PSDebugCapturedError"
            }
        }
        get-psbreakpoint -Variable stacktrace | remove-psbreakpoint 2>&1
        break
    }
    if ($file) {
        . $file
    }
}