Quiz: Selection

Notes.txt

|| - or
&& - and
! - not

switch - The expression is compared with the values of each case, if none match, then the default is used, if there isn't a default, nothing happens
case - Used in a switch-case statement to specify a case
default - The default block of code in a switch statement, if it's the last statement, it doesn't need a break

Notes on switch-case statements:
  - The variable used in a switch statement can only be an integer/byte/short/char/strings/enums
  - You can have any number of case statements within a switch
  - The value for a case must be the same data type as the variable in the switch and it must be a constant or a literal
  - When the variable being switched on is equal to a case, the statements following that case will execute until a break statement is reached
  - When a break statement is reached, the switch terminates
  - Not every case needs to contain a break. If no break appears, it will fall through the cases until a break is reached

if - Used to check a condition, if true execute the code once
else if - if the condition in the if statement is false and the condition passed is true, execute the code
else - If the condition in the if/else-if statement(s) is false, the code is executed

Notes on if/else-if/else statements:
  - If braces aren't used, only the first expression is executed 
  - If all the statements are ifs and no else-ifs are used, the expression will fall through all of the ifs. Use else-if if you only want one to be checked
  - Don't nest if statements if not necessary (example below)
      assume a, b, c, and d are pre-defined boolean values (true/false values don't really matter in this example)
      don't do:
        if (a && b) {
          if (c && d) {
            //code here
          }
        }
      do:
        if ((a && b) && (c && d)) {
          //code here
        }

      Another example  

      don't do:
        if (a || b) {
          if (c || d) {
            //code here
          }
        }
      do:
        if ((a || b) && (c || d)) {
          //code here
        }


A bunch of laws on booleans (we probably won't need them)

Associative Laws
  (A && B) && C = A && (B && C)
  (A || B) || C = A || (B || C)

Distributive Laws
  A && (B || C) = (A && B) || (A && C)
  A || (B && C) = (A || B) && (A || C)

Complement Laws
  (A && !A) = false
  (A || !A) = true

Identity Laws
  (A && true) = A
  (A && false) = false
  (A || false) = A
  (A || true) = true

De Morgan's laws
  !(A || B) = !A && !B
  !(A && B) = !A || !B