gistfile1.txt

# tmux cheat sheet

https://gist.github.com/andreyvit/2921703

(C-x means ctrl+x, M-x means alt+x)


## Prefix key

The default prefix is C-b. If you (or your muscle memory) prefer C-a, you need to add this to `~/.tmux.conf`:

    # remap prefix to Control + a
    set -g prefix C-a
    # bind 'C-a C-a' to type 'C-a'
    bind C-a send-prefix
    unbind C-b

I'm going to assume that C-a is your prefix.


## Sessions, windows, panes

Session is a set of windows, plus a notion of which window is current.

Window is a single screen covered with panes. (Once might compare it to a ‘virtual desktop’ or a ‘space’.)

Pane is a rectangular part of a window that runs a specific command, e.g. a shell.


## Getting help

Display a list of keyboard shortcuts:

    C-a ?

Navigate using Vim or Emacs shortcuts, depending on the value of `mode-keys`. Emacs is the default, and if you want Vim shortcuts for help and copy modes (e.g. j, k, C-u, C-d), add the following line to `~/.tmux.conf`:

    setw -g mode-keys vi

Any command mentioned in this list can be executed as `tmux something` or `C-a :something` (or added to `~/.tmux.conf`).


## Managing sessions

Creating a session:

    tmux new-session -s work

Create a new session that shares all windows with an existing session, but has its own separate notion of which window is current:

    tmux new-session -s work2 -t work

Attach to a session:

    tmux attach -t work

Detach from a session: `C-a d`.

Switch between sessions:

    C-a (          previous session
    C-a )          next session
    C-a L          ‘last’ (previously used) session
    C-a s          choose a session from a list

Other:

    C-a $          rename the current session
    C-a


## Managing windows

Create a window:

    C-a c          create a new window

Switch between windows:

    C-a 1 ...      switch to window 1, ..., 9, 0
    C-a 9
    C-a 0
    C-a p          previous window
    C-a n          next window
    C-a l          ‘last’ (previously used) window
    C-a w          choose window from a list

Switch between windows with a twist:

    C-a M-n        next window with a bell, activity or
                   content alert
    C-a M-p        previous such window


Other:

    C-a ,          rename the current window
    C-a &          kill the current window


## Managing split panes

Creating a new pane by splitting an existing one:

    C-a "          split vertically (top/bottom)
    C-a %          split horizontally (left/right)

Switching between panes:

    C-a left       go to the next pane on the left
    C-a right      (or one of these other directions)
    C-a up
    C-a down
    C-a o          go to the next pane (cycle through all of them)
    C-a ;          go to the ‘last’ (previously used) pane

Moving panes around:

    C-a {          move the current pane to the previous position
    C-a }          move the current pane to the next position
    C-a C-o        rotate window ‘up’ (i.e. move all panes)
    C-a M-o        rotate window ‘down’
    C-a !          move the current pane into a new separate
                   window (‘break pane’)
    C-a :move-pane -t :3.2
                   split window 3's pane 2 and move the current pane there

Resizing panes:

    C-a M-up, C-a M-down, C-a M-left, C-a M-right
                   resize by 5 rows/columns
    C-a C-up, C-a C-down, C-a C-left, C-a C-right
                   resize by 1 row/column

Applying predefined layouts:

    C-a M-1        switch to even-horizontal layout
    C-a M-2        switch to even-vertical layout
    C-a M-3        switch to main-horizontal layout
    C-a M-4        switch to main-vertical layout
    C-a M-5        switch to tiled layout
    C-a space      switch to the next layout


Other:

    C-a x          kill the current pane
    C-a q          display pane numbers for a short while


## Other config file settings

Force a reload of the config file on C-a r:

    unbind r
    bind r source-file ~/.tmux.conf

Some other settings that I use:

    setw -g xterm-keys on

tmux-cheatsheet.markdown

tmux shortcuts & cheatsheet

start new:

tmux

start new with session name:

tmux new -s myname

attach:

tmux a  #  (or at, or attach)

attach to named:

tmux a -t myname

list sessions:

tmux ls

kill session:

tmux kill-session -t myname

In tmux, hit the prefix ctrl+b (my modified prefix is ctrl+a) and then:

Sessions

:new<CR>  new session
s  list sessions
$  name session

Windows (tabs)

c  new window
w  list windows
f  find window
,  name window
&  kill window

Panes (splits)

%  vertical split
"  horizontal split

o  swap panes
q  show pane numbers
x  kill pane
+  break pane into window (e.g. to select text by mouse to copy)
-  restore pane from window
⍽  space - toggle between layouts
<prefix> q (Show pane numbers, when the numbers show up type the key to goto that pane)
<prefix> { (Move the current pane left)
<prefix> } (Move the current pane right)
<prefix> z toggle pane zoom

Sync Panes

You can do this by switching to the appropriate window, typing your Tmux prefix (commonly Ctrl-B or Ctrl-A) and then a colon to bring up a Tmux command line, and typing:

:setw synchronize-panes

You can optionally add on or off to specify which state you want; otherwise the option is simply toggled. This option is specific to one window, so it won’t change the way your other sessions or windows operate. When you’re done, toggle it off again by repeating the command. tip source

Resizing Panes

You can also resize panes if you don’t like the layout defaults. I personally rarely need to do this, though it’s handy to know how. Here is the basic syntax to resize panes:

PREFIX : resize-pane (By default it resizes the current pane down)
PREFIX : resize-pane -U (Resizes the current pane upward)
PREFIX : resize-pane -L (Resizes the current pane left)
PREFIX : resize-pane -R (Resizes the current pane right)
PREFIX : resize-pane 20 (Resizes the current pane down by 20 cells)
PREFIX : resize-pane -U 20 (Resizes the current pane upward by 20 cells)
PREFIX : resize-pane -L 20 (Resizes the current pane left by 20 cells)
PREFIX : resize-pane -R 20 (Resizes the current pane right by 20 cells)
PREFIX : resize-pane -t 2 20 (Resizes the pane with the id of 2 down by 20 cells)
PREFIX : resize-pane -t -L 20 (Resizes the pane with the id of 2 left by 20 cells)

Copy mode:

Pressing PREFIX [ places us in Copy mode. We can then use our movement keys to move our cursor around the screen. By default, the arrow keys work. we set our configuration file to use Vim keys for moving between windows and resizing panes so we wouldn’t have to take our hands off the home row. tmux has a vi mode for working with the buffer as well. To enable it, add this line to .tmux.conf:

setw -g mode-keys vi

With this option set, we can use h, j, k, and l to move around our buffer.

To get out of Copy mode, we just press the ENTER key. Moving around one character at a time isn’t very efficient. Since we enabled vi mode, we can also use some other visible shortcuts to move around the buffer.

For example, we can use "w" to jump to the next word and "b" to jump back one word. And we can use "f", followed by any character, to jump to that character on the same line, and "F" to jump backwards on the line.

   Function                vi             emacs
   Back to indentation     ^              M-m
   Clear selection         Escape         C-g
   Copy selection          Enter          M-w
   Cursor down             j              Down
   Cursor left             h              Left
   Cursor right            l              Right
   Cursor to bottom line   L
   Cursor to middle line   M              M-r
   Cursor to top line      H              M-R
   Cursor up               k              Up
   Delete entire line      d              C-u
   Delete to end of line   D              C-k
   End of line             $              C-e
   Goto line               :              g
   Half page down          C-d            M-Down
   Half page up            C-u            M-Up
   Next page               C-f            Page down
   Next word               w              M-f
   Paste buffer            p              C-y
   Previous page           C-b            Page up
   Previous word           b              M-b
   Quit mode               q              Escape
   Scroll down             C-Down or J    C-Down
   Scroll up               C-Up or K      C-Up
   Search again            n              n
   Search backward         ?              C-r
   Search forward          /              C-s
   Start of line           0              C-a
   Start selection         Space          C-Space
   Transpose chars                        C-t

Misc

d  detach
t  big clock
?  list shortcuts
:  prompt

Configurations Options:

# Mouse support - set to on if you want to use the mouse
* setw -g mode-mouse off
* set -g mouse-select-pane off
* set -g mouse-resize-pane off
* set -g mouse-select-window off

# Set the default terminal mode to 256color mode
set -g default-terminal "screen-256color"

# enable activity alerts
setw -g monitor-activity on
set -g visual-activity on

# Center the window list
set -g status-justify centre

# Maximize and restore a pane
unbind Up bind Up new-window -d -n tmp \; swap-pane -s tmp.1 \; select-window -t tmp
unbind Down
bind Down last-window \; swap-pane -s tmp.1 \; kill-window -t tmp

Resources:

• tmux: Productive Mouse-Free Development
• How to reorder windows

Notes:

Changelog:

• 1411143833002 - Added toggle zoom under Panes (splits) section.
• 1411143833002 - Added Sync Panes

Request an Update:

We Noticed that our Cheatsheet is growing and people are coloberating to add new tips and tricks, so please tweet to me what would you like to add and let's make it better!

• Twitter: @MohammedAlaa