LNow

// ln.c
//
// simple, fast, accurate natural log approximation
// when without <math.h>

// featuring * floating point bit level hacking,
//           * x=m*2^p => ln(x)=ln(m)+ln(2)p,
//           * Remez algorithm

// by Lingdong Huang, 2020. Public domain.

LNow

Disclaimer: I'm trying to flesh out a system that has only been described at a very high level. The purpose of this document is to write down notes on how I currently and tentatively believe subnets will work. This document is not authoritative, and may be significantly revised or even deleted.

All the credit for this approach goes to Aaron Blankstein. This document is based off of a conversation I had with him. I'm merely filling in the gaps.

What do we know about Subnets?

From what I've been able to gather, a Stacks subnet is shaping up to be a system that, at a high level, makes a lot of similar guarantees to sidechains and drivechains. It has the following properties:

• Closed-membership: system liveness is driven by a whitelisted set of network participants.

LNow

;; Appchain MVP mining contract!  Appchain peers scan the host chain (the chain that stores this contract and its state)
;; to discover one another and the appchain block metadata.  From there, the appchain's miners proceed to work on their
;; chain by sending contract-call's to this contract to store more block metadata.
;;
;; This contract essentially mimics the way Bitcoin behaves towards Stacks -- it's just a dumb data storage contract that
;; holds onto the same data that would go into Bitcoin transactions for mining.  The only difference is that the appchain
;; uses STX as its underlying base currency for mining and PoX, instead of BTC.

(define-constant ERR_NO_RECIPIENTS u0)
(define-constant ERR_NO_COMMIT_SPEND u1)

LNow

Blockchains don't scale. The fact that all nodes process all transactions means that the blockchain only goes as fast as the slowest node allowed on the network. If that's something like a Raspberry Pi, then that's as fast as the blockchain goes.

And that's okay! The upside is that the more people can run nodes, the more resilient the blockchain will be. It's much harder to break a 10,000-node blockchain where most nodes run on home computers all across the world than a 10,000-node blockchain where most nodes run in a few datacenters.

But the demand for cheap transactions isn't going anywhere. What's a distributed systems hacker to do?

A Composite Blockchain

A single blockchain can't handle unbound transaction volumes, but many blockchains can. Just like how the world's most expensive high-powered mainframe cannot match the capacity of a cloud made out of cheap servers, a single high-powered blockchain cannot match the combi

LNow

(define-constant T_BUFF 0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)

(define-read-only (sqrt (input int))
  (get val (fold do-sqrt T_BUFF {input: input, val: (/ input 2), tmp: 0} ))
)

(define-read-only (do-sqrt (i (buff 1)) (data {input: int, val: int, tmp: int}))
  (if (is-eq (get val data) (get tmp data))
    data
    {

LNow

Public Function CheckNIPStatus(ByVal NIP As String) As String
    Dim obj As Object
    Dim regEx As Object
    Dim matches As Object
    Dim fastVerLast As String
 
On Error GoTo err_h

    Set regEx = CreateObject("vbscript.regexp")
    regEx.MultiLine = True

LNow

VERSION 1.0 CLASS
BEGIN
  MultiUse = -1  'True
END
Attribute VB_Name = "IPoint"
Attribute VB_GlobalNameSpace = False
Attribute VB_Creatable = False
Attribute VB_PredeclaredId = False
Attribute VB_Exposed = False
'@Folder("VBAProject")

LNow

// Use Gists to store code you would like to remember later on
console.log(window); // log the "window" object to the console

LNow

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS time_dimension;
CREATE TABLE time_dimension (
        id                      INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,  -- year*10000+month*100+day
        db_date                 DATE NOT NULL,
        year                    INTEGER NOT NULL,
        month                   INTEGER NOT NULL, -- 1 to 12
        day                     INTEGER NOT NULL, -- 1 to 31
        quarter                 INTEGER NOT NULL, -- 1 to 4
        week                    INTEGER NOT NULL, -- 1 to 52/53
        day_name                VARCHAR(9) NOT NULL, -- 'Monday', 'Tuesday'...

LNow

Public Function SHA1Hash(content As String) As String
  Dim asc As Object
  Set asc = CreateObject("System.Text.UTF8Encoding")
  
  Dim enc As Object
  Set enc = CreateObject("System.Security.Cryptography.SHA1CryptoServiceProvider")
    
  Dim bytes() As Byte
  bytes = asc.GetBytes_4(content)
  bytes = enc.ComputeHash_2((bytes))