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| # Backup and restore UBI partitions and volumes | |
| # Tested on Arris RAC2V1A router | |
| BusyBox v1.22.1 (2018-03-01 14:46:14 CST) built-in shell (ash) | |
| Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands. | |
| MM NM MMMMMMM M M | |
| $MMMMM MMMMM MMMMMMMMMMM MMM MMM | |
| MMMMMMMM MM MMMMM. MMMMM:MMMMMM: MMMM MMMMM | |
| MMMM= MMMMMM MMM MMMM MMMMM MMMM MMMMMM MMMM MMMMM' | |
| MMMM= MMMMM MMMM MM MMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMNMMMMM | |
| MMMM= MMMM MMMMM MMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMMMMM | |
| MMMM= MMMM MMMMMM MMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMMMMMM | |
| MMMM= MMMM MMMMM, NMMMMMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMMMMMMMM | |
| MMMM= MMMM MMMMMM MMMMMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMMM | |
| MMMM= MMMM MM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM | |
| MMMM$ ,MMMMM MMMMM MMMM MMM MMMM MMMMM MMMM MMMM | |
| MMMMMMM: MMMMMMM M MMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMM MMMMMMM | |
| MMMMMM MMMMN M MMMMMMMMM MMMM MMMM | |
| MMMM M MMMMMMM M M | |
| M | |
| --------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| For those about to rock... (Bleeding Edge, r1121) | |
| --------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| root@OpenWrt:~# | |
| # the router has two rootfs ubi partitions for A/B updates: | |
| root@OpenWrt:~# cat /proc/mtd | |
| dev: size erasesize name | |
| mtd0: 00040000 00020000 "0:SBL1" | |
| mtd1: 00140000 00020000 "0:MIBIB" | |
| mtd2: 00140000 00020000 "0:SBL2" | |
| mtd3: 00280000 00020000 "0:SBL3" | |
| mtd4: 00120000 00020000 "0:DDRCONFIG" | |
| mtd5: 00120000 00020000 "0:SSD" | |
| mtd6: 00280000 00020000 "0:TZ" | |
| mtd7: 00280000 00020000 "0:RPM" | |
| mtd8: 00500000 00020000 "0:APPSBL" | |
| mtd9: 00080000 00020000 "0:APPSBLENV" | |
| mtd10: 00140000 00020000 "0:ART" | |
| mtd11: 04000000 00020000 "rootfs" | |
| mtd12: 00060000 00020000 "0:BOOTCONFIG" | |
| mtd13: 00140000 00020000 "0:SBL2_1" | |
| mtd14: 00280000 00020000 "0:SBL3_1" | |
| mtd15: 00120000 00020000 "0:DDRCONFIG_1" | |
| mtd16: 00120000 00020000 "0:SSD_1" | |
| mtd17: 00280000 00020000 "0:TZ_1" | |
| mtd18: 00280000 00020000 "0:RPM_1" | |
| mtd19: 00060000 00020000 "0:BOOTCONFIG1" | |
| mtd20: 00500000 00020000 "0:APPSBL_1" | |
| mtd21: 04000000 00020000 "rootfs_1" | |
| mtd22: 00100000 00020000 "fw_env" | |
| mtd23: 00800000 00020000 "config" | |
| mtd24: 00200000 00020000 "PKI" | |
| mtd25: 00100000 00020000 "scfgmgr" | |
| mtd26: 00008000 00008000 "spi32766.0" | |
| mtd27: 003e0000 0001f000 "kernel" | |
| mtd28: 01e08000 0001f000 "ubi_rootfs" | |
| mtd29: 0001f000 0001f000 "rootfs_data" | |
| mtd30: 00744000 0001f000 "ubi_config" | |
| # each partition has a copy of the 3 volumes needed to bring up the system | |
| # let's check which partition is currently active: | |
| root@OpenWrt:~# dmesg | grep rootfs | |
| [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyMSM0,115200n8 ubi.mtd=rootfs root=mtd:ubi_rootfs rootfstype=squashfs | |
| [ 1.869198] 0x000001340000-0x000005340000 : "rootfs" | |
| [ 1.970140] mtd: device 11 (rootfs) set to be root filesystem | |
| [ 1.975401] mtdsplit: no squashfs found in "rootfs" | |
| [ 2.067183] 0x000006400000-0x00000a400000 : "rootfs_1" | |
| [ 2.939119] UBI: attached mtd11 (name "rootfs", size 64 MiB) to ubi0 | |
| # the active rootfs ubi is: mtd11: 04000000 00020000 "rootfs" | |
| # it is attached to ubi0, let's see: | |
| root@OpenWrt:/config# ubinfo -a | |
| UBI version: 1 | |
| Count of UBI devices: 2 | |
| UBI control device major/minor: 10:60 | |
| Present UBI devices: ubi0, ubi1 | |
| ubi0 | |
| Volumes count: 3 | |
| Logical eraseblock size: 126976 bytes, 124.0 KiB | |
| Total amount of logical eraseblocks: 512 (65011712 bytes, 62.0 MiB) | |
| Amount of available logical eraseblocks: 227 (28823552 bytes, 27.5 MiB) | |
| Maximum count of volumes 128 | |
| Count of bad physical eraseblocks: 0 | |
| Count of reserved physical eraseblocks: 0 | |
| Current maximum erase counter value: 72 | |
| Minimum input/output unit size: 2048 bytes | |
| Character device major/minor: 249:0 | |
| Present volumes: 0, 1, 2 | |
| Volume ID: 0 (on ubi0) | |
| Type: dynamic | |
| Alignment: 1 | |
| Size: 32 LEBs (4063232 bytes, 3.9 MiB) | |
| State: OK | |
| Name: kernel | |
| Character device major/minor: 249:1 | |
| ----------------------------------- | |
| Volume ID: 1 (on ubi0) | |
| Type: dynamic | |
| Alignment: 1 | |
| Size: 248 LEBs (31490048 bytes, 30.0 MiB) | |
| State: OK | |
| Name: ubi_rootfs | |
| Character device major/minor: 249:2 | |
| ----------------------------------- | |
| Volume ID: 2 (on ubi0) | |
| Type: dynamic | |
| Alignment: 1 | |
| Size: 1 LEBs (126976 bytes, 124.0 KiB) | |
| State: OK | |
| Name: rootfs_data | |
| Character device major/minor: 249:3 | |
| =================================== | |
| ubi1 | |
| Volumes count: 1 | |
| Logical eraseblock size: 126976 bytes, 124.0 KiB | |
| Total amount of logical eraseblocks: 64 (8126464 bytes, 7.8 MiB) | |
| Amount of available logical eraseblocks: 0 (0 bytes) | |
| Maximum count of volumes 128 | |
| Count of bad physical eraseblocks: 0 | |
| Count of reserved physical eraseblocks: 0 | |
| Current maximum erase counter value: 9 | |
| Minimum input/output unit size: 2048 bytes | |
| Character device major/minor: 244:0 | |
| Present volumes: 0 | |
| Volume ID: 0 (on ubi1) | |
| Type: dynamic | |
| Alignment: 1 | |
| Size: 60 LEBs (7618560 bytes, 7.3 MiB) | |
| State: OK | |
| Name: ubi_config | |
| Character device major/minor: 244:1 | |
| # the inactive rootfs ubi is: mtd21: 04000000 00020000 "rootfs_1" | |
| # we will use the inactive partition for testing | |
| # it is not attached, so let's attach it now: | |
| root@OpenWrt:~# ubiattach -m 21 | |
| UBI device number 2, total 512 LEBs (65011712 bytes, 62.0 MiB), available 227 LEBs (28823552 bytes, 27.5 MiB), LEB size 126976 bytes (124.0 KiB) | |
| # it was attached to ubi2: | |
| root@OpenWrt:~# ubinfo -a -d 2 | |
| ubi2 | |
| Volumes count: 3 | |
| Logical eraseblock size: 126976 bytes, 124.0 KiB | |
| Total amount of logical eraseblocks: 512 (65011712 bytes, 62.0 MiB) | |
| Amount of available logical eraseblocks: 227 (28823552 bytes, 27.5 MiB) | |
| Maximum count of volumes 128 | |
| Count of bad physical eraseblocks: 0 | |
| Count of reserved physical eraseblocks: 0 | |
| Current maximum erase counter value: 2 | |
| Minimum input/output unit size: 2048 bytes | |
| Character device major/minor: 243:0 | |
| Present volumes: 0, 1, 2 | |
| Volume ID: 0 (on ubi2) | |
| Type: dynamic | |
| Alignment: 1 | |
| Size: 32 LEBs (4063232 bytes, 3.9 MiB) | |
| State: OK | |
| Name: kernel | |
| Character device major/minor: 243:1 | |
| ----------------------------------- | |
| Volume ID: 1 (on ubi2) | |
| Type: dynamic | |
| Alignment: 1 | |
| Size: 248 LEBs (31490048 bytes, 30.0 MiB) | |
| State: OK | |
| Name: ubi_rootfs | |
| Character device major/minor: 243:2 | |
| ----------------------------------- | |
| Volume ID: 2 (on ubi2) | |
| Type: dynamic | |
| Alignment: 1 | |
| Size: 1 LEBs (126976 bytes, 124.0 KiB) | |
| State: OK | |
| Name: rootfs_data | |
| Character device major/minor: 243:3 | |
| # so we have the two rootfs ubis (A/B) attached | |
| # verify that the two sets of volumes have the same contents: | |
| root@OpenWrt:~# cmp /dev/ubi0_0 /dev/ubi2_0 | |
| root@OpenWrt:~# cmp /dev/ubi0_1 /dev/ubi2_1 | |
| root@OpenWrt:~# cmp /dev/ubi0_2 /dev/ubi2_2 | |
| ### UBI Volume Backup | |
| # let's backup a volume of the inactive ubi2: | |
| # IMPORTANT: (i suppose) the ubi volume must not be mounted! | |
| root@OpenWrt:~# mkdir /tmp/ubibak | |
| root@OpenWrt:~# cd /tmp/ubibak | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# dd if=/dev/ubi2_0 of=ubi2_0 bs=1M | |
| 3+1 records in | |
| 3+1 records out | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# cmp /dev/ubi2_0 ubi2_0 | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# md5sum /dev/ubi2_0 ubi2_0 | |
| eee27de10678f707260f90a3ac35ff0c /dev/ubi2_0 | |
| eee27de10678f707260f90a3ac35ff0c ubi2_0 | |
| # now wipe out the volume: | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# ubiupdatevol /dev/ubi2_0 -t | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# md5sum /dev/ubi2_0 ubi2_0 | |
| faa1e5da33e5779508737687b3d68778 /dev/ubi2_0 | |
| eee27de10678f707260f90a3ac35ff0c ubi2_0 | |
| # the data is gone, let's restore the backup: | |
| # IMPORTANT: (i suppose) the ubi volume must not be mounted! | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# ubiupdatevol /dev/ubi2_0 ubi2_0 | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# md5sum /dev/ubi2_0 ubi2_0 | |
| eee27de10678f707260f90a3ac35ff0c /dev/ubi2_0 | |
| eee27de10678f707260f90a3ac35ff0c ubi2_0 | |
| rm ubi2_0 | |
| # success! | |
| ### UBI Partition Backup | |
| # now let's try a full ubi partition backup: | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# md5sum /dev/ubi2_* | |
| eee27de10678f707260f90a3ac35ff0c /dev/ubi2_0 | |
| c0edea192786289b6d6acc1fb60b3eb2 /dev/ubi2_1 | |
| f7d566ac0d14fb993db66ed5ea370797 /dev/ubi2_2 | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# md5sum /dev/ubi0_* | |
| eee27de10678f707260f90a3ac35ff0c /dev/ubi0_0 | |
| c0edea192786289b6d6acc1fb60b3eb2 /dev/ubi0_1 | |
| f7d566ac0d14fb993db66ed5ea370797 /dev/ubi0_2 | |
| # IMPORTANT: (i suppose) the ubi partition must not be attached! | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# ubidetach -m 21 | |
| # IMPORTANT: use the char device to backup the mtd partition! (not the mtdblock device) | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# dd if=/dev/mtd21 of=mtd21 bs=1M | |
| 64+0 records in | |
| 64+0 records out | |
| # wipe out the partition: | |
| # IMPORTANT: do not use flash_erase! it might shorten the flash memory life span | |
| # flash_erase wipes the erase counters that needed for correct wear leveling | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# ubiformat /dev/mtd21 | |
| ubiformat: mtd21 (nand), size 67108864 bytes (64.0 MiB), 512 eraseblocks of 131072 bytes (128.0 KiB), min. I/O size 2048 bytes | |
| libscan: scanning eraseblock 511 -- 100 % complete | |
| ubiformat: 512 eraseblocks have valid erase counter, mean value is 0 | |
| ubiformat: formatting eraseblock 511 -- 100 % complete | |
| # check that the partition is actually gone: | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# ubiattach -m 21 | |
| UBI device number 2, total 512 LEBs (65011712 bytes, 62.0 MiB), available 508 LEBs (64503808 bytes, 61.5 MiB), LEB size 126976 bytes (124.0 KiB) | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# ubinfo -a -d 2 | |
| ubi2 | |
| Volumes count: 0 | |
| Logical eraseblock size: 126976 bytes, 124.0 KiB | |
| Total amount of logical eraseblocks: 512 (65011712 bytes, 62.0 MiB) | |
| Amount of available logical eraseblocks: 508 (64503808 bytes, 61.5 MiB) | |
| Maximum count of volumes 128 | |
| Count of bad physical eraseblocks: 0 | |
| Count of reserved physical eraseblocks: 0 | |
| Current maximum erase counter value: 14 | |
| Minimum input/output unit size: 2048 bytes | |
| Character device major/minor: 243:0 | |
| # now let's restore the backup: | |
| # IMPORTANT: (i suppose) the ubi partition must not be attached! | |
| # IMPORTANT: do not use nandwrite! backups may contain erased pages and nandwrite writes those as data | |
| # if you have to use nandwrite, see the --space-fixup flag that triggers the UBIFS 'free space fixup' procedure | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# ubidetach -m 21 | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# ubiformat /dev/mtd21 -f mtd21 | |
| ubiformat: mtd21 (nand), size 67108864 bytes (64.0 MiB), 512 eraseblocks of 131072 bytes (128.0 KiB), min. I/O size 2048 bytes | |
| libscan: scanning eraseblock 511 -- 100 % complete | |
| ubiformat: 512 eraseblocks have valid erase counter, mean value is 1 | |
| ubiformat: flashing eraseblock 511 -- 100 % complete | |
| # and check the contents: | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# ubiattach -m 21 | |
| UBI device number 2, total 512 LEBs (65011712 bytes, 62.0 MiB), available 227 LEBs (28823552 bytes, 27.5 MiB), LEB size 126976 bytes (124.0 KiB) | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# ubinfo -a -d 2 | |
| ubi2 | |
| Volumes count: 3 | |
| Logical eraseblock size: 126976 bytes, 124.0 KiB | |
| Total amount of logical eraseblocks: 512 (65011712 bytes, 62.0 MiB) | |
| Amount of available logical eraseblocks: 227 (28823552 bytes, 27.5 MiB) | |
| Maximum count of volumes 128 | |
| Count of bad physical eraseblocks: 0 | |
| Count of reserved physical eraseblocks: 0 | |
| Current maximum erase counter value: 15 | |
| Minimum input/output unit size: 2048 bytes | |
| Character device major/minor: 243:0 | |
| Present volumes: 0, 1, 2 | |
| Volume ID: 0 (on ubi2) | |
| Type: dynamic | |
| Alignment: 1 | |
| Size: 32 LEBs (4063232 bytes, 3.9 MiB) | |
| State: OK | |
| Name: kernel | |
| Character device major/minor: 243:1 | |
| ----------------------------------- | |
| Volume ID: 1 (on ubi2) | |
| Type: dynamic | |
| Alignment: 1 | |
| Size: 248 LEBs (31490048 bytes, 30.0 MiB) | |
| State: OK | |
| Name: ubi_rootfs | |
| Character device major/minor: 243:2 | |
| ----------------------------------- | |
| Volume ID: 2 (on ubi2) | |
| Type: dynamic | |
| Alignment: 1 | |
| Size: 1 LEBs (126976 bytes, 124.0 KiB) | |
| State: OK | |
| Name: rootfs_data | |
| Character device major/minor: 243:3 | |
| # the volumes are back, let's check the contents: | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# md5sum /dev/ubi2_* | |
| eee27de10678f707260f90a3ac35ff0c /dev/ubi2_0 | |
| c0edea192786289b6d6acc1fb60b3eb2 /dev/ubi2_1 | |
| f7d566ac0d14fb993db66ed5ea370797 /dev/ubi2_2 | |
| root@OpenWrt:/tmp/ubibak# md5sum /dev/ubi0_* | |
| eee27de10678f707260f90a3ac35ff0c /dev/ubi0_0 | |
| c0edea192786289b6d6acc1fb60b3eb2 /dev/ubi0_1 | |
| f7d566ac0d14fb993db66ed5ea370797 /dev/ubi0_2 | |
| # success! |
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