$$(ax^2 + bx + c = 0)$$ $$a \ne 0$$ $$x = {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac} \over 2a}$$ $$\left( \sum_{k=1}^n a_k b_k \right)^2 \leq \left( \sum_{k=1}^n a_k^2 \right) \left( \sum_{k=1}^n b_k^2 \right)$$ $$\sqrt{3}$$