Arch Linux on VirtualBox

arch-on-virtualbox.txt

# Install Arch Linux on VirtualBox
#
# References I used:
#
# Install Arch Linux on Dell XPS-13 (https://bit.ly/32P6t61): 
#   Has some of the BTRFS commands, but uses encryption.
# Install.txt file in Arch ISO image.
# 
# How to install Gnome on Arch Linux (https://bit.ly/2MRPB96):
# or https://www.wikihow.com/Install-Gnome-on-Arch-Linux#Installing-GNOME_sub
#
#   This one in addition to the official arch documentation for Gnome.
#
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# NOTE: For nested virtualization support with VirtualBox on Windows 10 host, need to enable
# via the VBoxManage command line as in:
#
#  'C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox\VBoxManage.exe' modifyvm vm-name --nested-hw-virt on
#
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Boot in to VM by hooking up Arch Linux ISO:
#
# For cases where VM is booting into high dpi display.
# Not needed if you scale the VM to 200% from the VirtualBox UI
# Set large font
setfont latarcyrheb-sun32
#
# Set root password and start sshd to connect from
# terminal in host
#
passwd
systemctl start sshd
#
# Get VM ip address
#
ip a
#
# Now, from host connect via ssh to root@address returned above.
#
# Sync clock
timedatectl set-ntp true

# Create three partitions:
# Note that in VirtualBox, I used MBR as the ISO would not boot using EFI
# Regardless of the boot sector MBR or EFI, it's still possible to partition
# the disk as GPT.
#
cgdisk /dev/sda

# 1 1MB GRUB partition (BIOS Boot)
# 2 128MB ext2
#   Hex code: 8300
#   Label boot
# 3 4096MB Swap partition
#   Block size 34359739
#   Hex code 8200
#   Label swap
# 4 100% Linux partition (to be encrypted)
#   Hex code 8300
#   Label root

# Formatting
# Boot partition
mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda2

mkswap /dev/sda3
swapon /dev/sda3

mkfs.btrfs /dev/sda4
# Create btrfs subvolumes
mount -t btrfs /dev/sda4 /mnt
btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@root
btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@var
btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@home
btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@snapshots

# Mount btrfs subvolumes
umount /mnt
mount -o subvol=@root /dev/sda4 /mnt
mkdir /mnt/{var,home,.snapshots}
mount -o subvol=@var /dev/sda4 /mnt/var
mount -o subvol=@home /dev/sda4 /mnt/home
mount -o subvol=@snapshots /dev/sda4 /mnt/.snapshots

# Mount EFI partition
mkdir -p /mnt/boot
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/boot

# Change pacman mirror priority, move closer mirror to the top
vi /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
# Install the base system plus packages.
pacstrap /mnt base base-devel sudo linux

# Generate fstab
genfstab -L /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

# Enter the new system via chroot
arch-chroot /mnt

# setup time
rm -f /etc/localtime
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Vancouver /etc/localtime
hwclock --systohc --utc

# Generate locales
sed --in-place -e 's/^#en_US.U/en_US.U/' /etc/locale.gen 
locale-gen
echo 'LANG=en_US.UTF-8' > /etc/locale.conf
# I use dvorak layout.
echo 'KEYMAP=dvorak' > /etc/vconsole.conf
echo 'FONT=latarcyrheb-sun16' >> /etc/vconsole.conf
#
# Replace 'your-vm' by the hostname you want for your vm.
#
echo 'your-vm' > /etc/hostname
echo '127.0.0.1 localhost' >> /etc/hosts
echo '::1 localhost' >> /etc/hosts
echo '127.0.1.1 your-vm.localdomain your-vm' >> /etc/hosts
#
# Set root passwd
#
passwd
#
# Add a user. Replace 'user1' by your non-root login user.
useradd -m -g users -G wheel -s /bin/bash user1
passwd user1
echo 'user1 ALL=(ALL) ALL' > /etc/sudoers.d/user1
#
# Ok, tired of using sed.
#
pacman -S vim

pacman -Syu

pacman -S grub os-prober mtools
pacman -S linux
grub-install /dev/sda
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

#
# Ssh server
#
pacman -S openssh
systemctl enable sshd

cat > /etc/systemd/network/20-wired.network <<EOF
[Match]
Name=enp0s3

[Network]
DHCP=ipv4
EOF

systemctl enable systemd-networkd
systemctl enable systemd-resolved

# Reboot VM at this point.
#
# Exit chrooted environment
#
exit
umount -a
reboot
#
# Log in and get ip address to re-connect from host via SSH
#
#
# Gnome
#
pacman -S gnome
sudo systemctl enable gdm.service
#
# Firefox
#
pacman -S firefox

# 
# Install Virtualbox VM additions
#
pacman -S linux-headers xorg-xrandr
cd /run/media/user1/VBok_GAs_6.0.14/
./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
#
# Install git
#
pacman -S git
#
# Firefox
#
pacman -S firefox
#
# Install visual studio code bin from MSFT AUR
#
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/visual-studio-code-bin.git
cd visual-studio-code-bin
makepkg -si