Mag81/hacking-the-whitebox.md

## hacking-the-whitebox.md

      
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              hacking-the-whitebox.md
            
          
    Hacking the SamKnows Whitebox

The SamKnows Whitebox is a free router (TP-Link TL-WDR3600) provided by SamKnows to gather internet speed statistics. Ok that's great, but any person with a small amount of hacker's spirit will want to hack it to install some custom firmware to take advantage of the two gigantic antennas on the back, the USB ports and everything else.
Step 1 : Debug mode

Root access can be obtained via a "debug mode" on the router giving you a direct root shell via telnet, amazingly simple.

Disconnect the Whitebox from the internet.
Connect your computer directly to the Whitebox via Ethernet to one of the four ethernet ports on the Whitebox.
Configure your computer's IP settings to "Manual" setting the computer's IP address to 192.168.1.2, the Subnet Mask to 255.255.255.0 and the Gateway to 192.168.1.1.
Turn off the Whitebox.
Turn on the Whitebox.
Wait for all the lights to come on and turn off once, then spam the "WPS / Reset" button on the back of the Whitebox.
Continue spamming until the second LED from the left flashes continuosly. You are now in "debug mode".

Step 2 : Changing the root password

Ok, so now you have a root shell on the Whitebox via telnet, wasn't that hard. Now connect to the Whitebox with a telnet client (Putty on Windows, Terminal on linux) :
$ telnet 192.168.1.1
Trying 192.168.1.1...
Connected to 192.168.1.1.
Escape character is '^]'.

 === IMPORTANT ============================
 Use 'passwd' to set your login password
 this will disable telnet and enable SSH
 ------------------------------------------


BusyBox v1.19.4 (2012-11-21 13:26:44 GMT) built-in     shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.

                     _
 ___  __ _ _ __ ___ | | ___ __   _____      _____
/ __|/ _` | '_ ` _ \| |/ / '_ \ / _ \ \ /\ / / __|
\__ \ (_| | | | | | |   <| | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
|___/\__,_|_| |_| |_|_|\_\_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
       P E R F O R M A N C E   M O N I T O R I N G

 OS: OpenWRT Attitude Adjustment, r35093
 SW: WDR3600 Build
 -------------------------------------------------
root@(none):/# 

There you have it, a root busybox shell. Next up... mounting the filesystem :
root@(none):/# mount_root
switching to jffs2

Now we can perform modifications to the system, for example we could change the... root user's password maybe (They gave us the hint when connecting via telnet)
root@(none):/# passwd
Changing password for root
New password: 
Bad password: too short
Retype password: 
Password for root changed by root

I set the password to "root", hence the "Bad password" warning.
Step 3 : SSH inside

Telnet is a pile of shit, a move to SSH is recommended.
Now if you restart the box (don't bother trying reboot it doesn't do much, just pull the plug), plug the Whitebox back in to your router then you should be able to access the device via SSH on port 2222 (once you've found the DHCP assigned IP address, check your router's web interface to see if you can get a list of all connected devices, or try an IP scan on the local network)
$ ssh root@10.0.0.44 -p 2222
root@10.0.0.44's password: 

BusyBox v1.19.4 (2012-11-21 13:26:44 GMT) built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.

                     _
 ___  __ _ _ __ ___ | | ___ __   _____      _____
/ __|/ _` | '_ ` _ \| |/ / '_ \ / _ \ \ /\ / / __|
\__ \ (_| | | | | | |   <| | | | (_) \ V  V /\__ \
|___/\__,_|_| |_| |_|_|\_\_| |_|\___/ \_/\_/ |___/
       P E R F O R M A N C E   M O N I T O R I N G

 OS: OpenWRT Attitude Adjustment, r35093
 SW: WDR3600 Build

root@OpenWrt:~#

Step 4 : Explore

Now you're inside, you can explore around, find your device's "Unit ID" to spoof metrics :
root@OpenWrt:/tmp/samknows# cat /tmp/samknows/unitid
123456

You can also modify it to pretend you're someone else (Warning : the "unitid" goes back to default on reboot) with a quick vi /tmp/samknows/unitid
You can also find out how everything works (such as sending results and all the different test) and disable reporting by exploring /tmp/ispmon
root@OpenWrt:~# cat /tmp/ispmon/cron/crontab 
40 * * * *  /tmp/ispmon/bin/dcsclient https://dcs-uk.samknows.com:443 -v >/dev/null 2>&1
45 * * * * /tmp/ispmon/scripts/pcscript >/dev/null 2>&1
25 * * * * /tmp/ispmon/scripts/sanity.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
26 * * * * /tmp/ispmon/scripts/submit.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
30 * * * * /tmp/ispmon/scripts/timesync.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
35 6 * * * /usr/sbin/udhcpcrestart.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
38 22 * * * /tmp/ispmon/scripts/background_tests.sh restart >/dev/null 2>&1

This shows which scripts are called by the system and how often. The same output can be obtained via crontab -e
Cronjob execution can be disabled for the current session with killall crond
And if you want to disable stuff permanently, take a look at /overlay (A good explanation is available here)
Step 4.2 : Backup

Thanks to @nonflammable for this, if you ever feel like coming back to the original Samknow's firmware then you can do the following, if not ignore the step.
Do a quick system backup :
dd if=/dev/mtdblock5 of=/tmp/sysbackup.bin
Copy the file /tmp/sysbackup.bin to a relatively safe place on your PC with something like WinSCP or Filezilla.
Whenever you need to restore the backup you can use the following command :
mtd -r write /tmp/sysbackup.bin firmware
Or you can also use DD-WRTs web GUI to upload and flash sysbackup.bin without the 1337 command line.
Step 5 : Flash

The great thing about this little Whitebox is that we can install pratically anything on it, I've chosen to install DD-WRT. To start off you need to find the correct firmware for the Whitebox and download it to your computer.
Pop over to the DD-WRT Router Database, type TL-WDR3600 and download the factory-to-ddwrt.bin file.
Put the file on a web server on your computer to make it accessible from the Whitebox so the router can access http://192.168.1.2/factory-to-ddwrt.bin

Now go back to step 1 and access the Whitebox via telnet.
Execute the mount_root command.
Move to the /tmp directory : cd /tmp
Execute wget http://192.168.1.2/factory-to-ddwrt.bin
Execute mtd -r write /tmp/factory-to-ddwrt.bin firmware

You should now have the following output, it can take a few moments, don't panic :
root@(none):/tmp# mtd -r write /tmp/factory-to-ddwrt.bin firmware
Unlocking firmware ...

Writing from /tmp/factory-to-ddwrt.bin to firmware ...     
Rebooting ...

Step 6 : Enjoy

Now the telnet session should die and your Whitebox should reboot, I'll call it the Blackbox now because it's turned to the dark side.
Now by visiting http://192.168.1.1/ in your browser you will be greeted with your brand-spanking-new version of DD-WRT. I'm not going to cover setting everything up, that's your problem now. Have fun with your Blackbox !