This will tell you if the give package currently has the URI permissions that you granted. It will fail it the app has been killed or uninstalled. This may not work for persistent permissions if the app is not running.

CheckUriPermission.java

public class App extends Application {
 
    // Bunches of application code

    /**
     * This will tell you if the give package currently has the URI permissions that you granted.
     * It will fail it the app has been killed or uninstalled.
     * This may not work for persistent permissions if the app is not running.
     * @return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED if it does not have permission and
     *         PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED if it does have permission.
     */
    public int checkUriPermissions(Uri uri, String packageName, int modeFlags) {
        ActivityManager activityService = (ActivityManager) getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
        List<RunningAppProcessInfo> processes = activityService.getRunningAppProcesses();

        int uid = myUid();
        if (processes == null) return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
        for(RunningAppProcessInfo process : processes) {
            if (process.processName.equals(packageName) && process.uid == uid) {
                // We found what we're looking for!
                return checkUriPermission(uri, process.pid, process.uid, modeFlags);
            }
        }
        // Didn't find the process, if it had permissions they are now revoked.
        return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
    }

    /**
     * This will tell you the packages which currently have the URI permissions that you granted.
     * Packages will fail if they have been killed or uninstalled.
     * This may not work for persistent permissions if the app is not running.
     * @return a list of packageNames that have the permission which are queried for.
     *         This will never return null;
     */
    @NonNull
    public List<String> checkUriPermissions(Uri uri, int modeFlags) {
        ActivityManager activityService = (ActivityManager) getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
        List<RunningAppProcessInfo> processes = activityService.getRunningAppProcesses();
        List<String> packages = new ArrayList<>();

        int uid = myUid();
        if (processes == null) return packages;
        for(RunningAppProcessInfo process : processes) {
            if (process.uid == uid) {
                int result = checkUriPermission(uri, process.pid, process.uid, modeFlags);
                if (result == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    packages.add(process.processName);
                }
            }
        }
        
        return packages;
    }
}