Algoritmo básico para imprimir un histograma de forma vertical.

histograma_vertical.c

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	int array[] = {1, 5, 8, 0, 12, 13, 1, 2, 10, 7};
	int len = sizeof array / sizeof *array;
	const int mayor = array[5];
	for(int line_current = 1; line_current <= mayor; ++line_current)
	{
		for(int j = 0; j < len; ++j)
		{
			int line = (mayor + 1) - array[j];
			printf("%-5s", line_current >= line ? "*" : " "); 
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
	
	for(int i = 0; i < len; i++)
		printf("%-5d", array[i]);
	
	printf("\n");
    return 0;
}

/*
    Resultado en pantalla:
    
                         *
                    *    *
                    *    *
                    *    *              *
                    *    *              *
          *         *    *              *
          *         *    *              *    *
          *         *    *              *    *
     *    *         *    *              *    *
     *    *         *    *              *    *
     *    *         *    *              *    *
     *    *         *    *         *    *    *
*    *    *         *    *    *    *    *    *
1    5    8    0    12   13   1    2    10   7

*/