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Termux And The ext4 Filesystem, Part 1 Of 5: Reading And Writing, No Root Required

NoteAfterNote-1
Termux And The ext4 Filesystem, Part 1 Of 5: Reading And Writing, No Root Required
Published: April 7, 2023
Link: https://gist.github.com/NoteAfterNote/2558deec94bac7ec9fa58aa5ad5e9d1b


Mobile Device Configuration

  • Rooted: No

  • Connected to any network: No

  • Operating system:

    neofetch --stdout|grep --color=never --ignore-case 'os:'
       OS: Android 10 armv8l 
    
  • CPU:

    neofetch --stdout|grep --color=never --ignore-case 'cpu:'
       CPU: Qualcomm SDM439 (8) @ 2.016GHz 
    
  • Display resolution: 1520x720

  • Builtin internal storage: 16 Gigabytes

  • Builtin memory: 2 Gigabytes

  • Application Binary Interface (ABI): armeabi-v7a, 32-bit

  • Linux shell: bash (Bourne Again SHell)

  • Fresh installation: Termux application, MiXplorer, MiXplorer Archive, RCX - Rclone for Android

  • App for reading the ext4 filesystem contained in the image file: MiXplorer and the MiX Archive component/addon, access to the ext4 filesystem is provided by the MiX Archive component/addon, the ext4 filesystem is always read-only, the image filename must end in ".ext" and always initialize the image file with zeroes (zero-filled, 0-filled)

  • App for creating the image file and writing the ext4 filesystem: Termux application, always enable wake-lock when running Termux, always run "termux-setup-storage" after installing Termux, use the Linux command "dd if=/dev/zero of=image-file.ext" to create the image file, use the Linux command "mkfs.ext4 -d EXT4-DIRECTORY" to write the contents of EXT4-DIRECTORY to the image file

  • MiXplorer "Tool bar" configuration: Enable "Servers" button

  • MiXplorer "HTTP/WebDav" server configuration: Remove "Admin" password, from the authentication method list ("NONE", "BASIC", "DIGEST") select "NONE"

  • RCX - Rclone for Android configuration: In "Settings" "File Access" select "Enable Content Provider Preview", select "Declare as local provider". select "Grant MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" if available


Termux application (termux, com.termux): https://termux.com (https://termux.dev), https://github.com/termux/termux-app (@termux), https://wiki.termux.com


MiXplorer (Hootan Parsa, com.mixplorer): https://mixplorer.com (read), https://forum.xda-developers.com/t/app-2-2-mixplorer-v6-x-released-fully-featured-file-manager.1523691/ (read "Downloads"), https://forum.xda-developers.com/t/mixplorer-q-a-and-faq-user-manual.3308582/ ("MiXplorer: Q&A and FAQ (User Manual)")

MiX Archive (Hootan Parsa, com.mixplorer.addon.archive) is required: https://forum.xda-developers.com/t/app-2-2-mixplorer-v6-x-released-fully-featured-file-manager.1523691/ ("Downloads")


RCX - Rclone for Android (x0b, io.github.x0b.rcx): https://github.com/x0b/rcx (@x0b), https://x0b.github.io , https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.github.x0b.rcx

  • Read "Configuring remotes", "Serving content", "Local Storage": https://x0b.github.io/docs/
  • "Streaming (Stream media files, serve files and directories over FTP, HTTP, WebDAV or DLNA)" and "Storage Access Framework (SAF) (see docs) for SD card and USB device access.": https://github.com/x0b/rcx


#
# Open a new Termux session: termux-setup-storage, add the Termux packages
# Termux session name: Example 1
#
# 50gb.ext on external storage: 50 gigabytes (53687091200 bytes,
# 1 gigabyte = 1024*1024*1024 = 1073741824 bytes) file with an
# ext4 filesystem containing the Termux "arm" repositories for
# termux-main, termux-root, termux-x11
#
# MiXplorer: Open "50gb.ext", start "HTTP/WebDav Server" using
# the "Servers" button on the "Tool bar" (no password for the
# "Admin" account and the server authentication method is
# "NONE"), use http://127.0.0.1:8181 to access the MiXplorer
# "HTTP/WebDav Server" server, start the MiXplorer
# "FTP(S,ES)/Share Server" from the "Tool bar" (no password for
# the "Admin" account) use 127.0.0.1 as the FTP address and 2121
# as the FTP port number
#
# RCX: Create an "FTP" remote, use 127.0.0.1 for the "FTP Host",
# use Admin as the user name and make up a password, use 2121 as
# the "FTP Port", read "Serving content" and "Local Storage" in
# https://x0b.github.io/docs/
#
# Backup $PREFIX/etc/apt/sources.list and use the Linux text
# editor "nano" to update $PREFIX/etc/apt/sources.list with this
# configuration (from https://packages.termux.dev):
#    deb http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main/ stable main
#    deb http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-root/ root stable
#    deb http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-x11/ x11 main
# 
pwd
echo $PS1
export PS1='\T $ '    # bash prompt string
echo $PS1
termux-setup-storage
echo $HOME
echo $PREFIX
ls --color=never -l -all $HOME    # "ls --help"
ls --color=never -l -all
ls --color=never -l -a
ls --color=never -la
pwd    # "pwd --help"
mkdir --verbose BACKUP    # "mkdir --help"
ls --color=never -la $PREFIX/etc/apt
cd $PREFIX/etc/apt
pwd
cp --verbose -pi sources.list $HOME/BACKUP    # "cp --help"
ls --color=never -la $HOME/BACKUP
cat sources.list    # "cat --help"
#
# Edit sources.list with the Linux text editor "nano"
#
nano --linenumbers sources.list    # "nano --help"
cd $HOME 
pwd
cat $PREFIX/etc/apt/sources.list
#
apt update
apt upgrade
#
apt update
apt install manpages util-linux teseq vim nano wget android-tools libnfs links openssh man termux-api libusb clang ncurses ncurses-utils asciinema gnutls termux-tools bc samba apache2 traceroute net-tools iproute2 inetutils bsd-games netcat-openbsd nmap nmap-ncat rlwrap dosfstools e2fsprogs pass pass-otp openssl-tool gpgv pwgen openjdk-17 paperkey unrar ncftp lftp darkhttpd file sshpass mutt neomutt alpine neofetch cpufetch progress pv gptfdisk fdisk curl dos2unix lynx gifsicle cadaver mlocate

updatedb    # "man locate" and "man updatedb"

#
# Termux is ready for "Example 2"
#


#
# Open a new Termux session
# Termux session name: Example 2
#
# test-disk1-30mb.ext: test-disk1-30mb.ext is a
# 31457280-byte (30 megabytes, 1 megabyte = 1024*1024 bytes =
# 1048576 bytes) image file 
# 
echo $PS1
export PS1='\T $ '
echo $PS1
echo $HOME
echo $PREFIX
pwd
ls --color=never -l $HOME/storage|grep -iv external
ls --color=never -l storage/downloads
mktemp -d /storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.XXXXXXXXXX    # "man mktemp"
tree DIRECTORY_NAME_FROM_mktemp
ls --color=never -alR DIRECTORY_NAME_FROM_mktemp
cd DIRECTORY_NAME_FROM_mktemp    # "cd --help"
pwd
mkdir -v test-disk1-directory
cd test-disk1-directory
pwd
touch file1
ls --color=never -l file1.txt
mv file1 file1.txt
ls --color=never -l file1.txt
touch file2r.txt
rm -iv file2r.txt
touch file2.txt
cd ..
pwd
dd if=/dev/zero of=test-disk1-30mb.ext bs=1M count=30   # Always initialize the image file with zeroes (zero-filled, 0-filled)
ls --color=never  -l test-disk1-30mb.ext
tree test-disk1-directory
ls --color=never -la
ls --color=never -la test-disk1-directory
mkfs.ext4 -m 0 -L ext4-disk1-30mb -d test-disk1-directory test-disk1-30mb.ext # "man mkfs.ext4": "-d root-directory" "Copy the contents of the given directory into the root directory of the file system."
pwd
#
# MiXplorer: Stop "HTTP/WebDav Server" and 
# "FTP(S,ES)/Share Server", open test-disk1-30mb.ext and
# start "HTTP/WebDav Server" and "FTP(S,ES)/Share Server"
# from the "Tool bar"
#
cadaver http://127.0.0.1:8181
ls --color=never -la
mkdir -v test-disk1-directory/last-example
tree test-disk1-directory
ls --color=never -al test-disk1-directory
touch test-disk1-directory/last-example/file3.html
tree test-disk1-directory
ls --color=never -la test-disk1-directory
ls --color=never -alR test-disk1-directory
#
# Using the Linux text editor "nano" insert into file3.html
#    <html>
#    <body>
#    <h1>
#    file4.html
#    </h1>
#    </body>
#    </html>
nano --linenumbers test-disk1-directory/last-example/file4.html
pwd
stat test-disk1-directory/last-example/file4.html
file test-disk1-directory/last-example/file4.html
cat test-disk1-directory/last-example/file4.html
tree test-disk1-directory
ls --color=never -alR test-disk1-directory
cd test-disk1-directory
mv -iv file1.txt last-example
cp -iv file2.txt last-example
tree last-example
rm -iv file2.txt
pwd
ls --color=never -al
cd ..
pwd
ls --color=never -al
mkfs.ext4 -m 0 -L ext4-disk1-30mb -d test-disk1-directory test-disk1-30mb.ext
#
# MiXplorer: Stop "HTTP/WebDav Server" and
# "FTP(S,ES)/Share Server", try reloading ext4-disk1-30mb.ext
# and then start "HTTP/WebDav Server" and
# "FTP(S,ES)/Share Server" from the "Tool bar"; instead of
# reloading the file stop "HTTP/WebDav Server" and
# "FTP(S,ES)/Share Server" and exit MiXplorer, restart
# MiXplorer and "HTTP/WebDav Server" and
# "FTP(S,ES)/Share Server"
#
cadaver http://127.0.0.1:8181
pwd
tree
ls --color=never -alR
sha256sum file4.html
sha256sum test-disk1-directory/last-example/file4.html
cmp --verbose file4.html test-disk1-directory/last-example/file4.html
links -dump http://127.0.0.1:8181/last-example/file4.html
links -source http://127.0.0.1:8181/last-example/file4.html
cd DIRECTORY_NAME_FROM_mktemp
rm -iv --recursive test-disk1-directory    # "man rm"
pwd
cd
pwd
rm -ivr DIRECTORY_NAME_FROM_mktemp
#
# Close Termux session "Example Number2"
#
exit

#
# Switch to and close Termux session "Example Number 1"
#
exit

# Exit MiXplorer and RCX


Termux session for Example 1
Welcome to Termux!

Community forum: https://termux.com/community
Gitter chat: https://gitter.im/termux/termux
IRC channel: #termux on libera.chat

Working with packages:

* Search packages: pkg search
* Install a package: pkg install
* Upgrade packages: pkg upgrade

Subscribing to additional repositories:

* Root: pkg install root-repo
* X11: pkg install x11-repo

Report issues at https://termux.com/issues

~ $ pwd
/data/data/com.termux/files/home
~ $
~ $ echo $PS1
\[\e[0;32m\]\w\[\e[0m\] \[\e[0;97m\]\$\[\e[0m\]
~ $
~ $ export PS1='\T $ ' # bash prompt string
04:31:47 $
04:31:48 $ echo $PS1
\T $
04:32:07 $
04:32:10 $ termux-setup-storage
04:32:23 $ echo $HOME
/data/data/com.termux/files/home
04:32:48 $ echo $PREFIX
/data/data/com.termux/files/usr
04:33:11 $
04:33:26 $ ls --color=never -l -all $HOME # "ls --help"
total 18
drwx------ 4 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:32 .
drwxrwx--x 4 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:28 ..
-rw------- 1 u0_a188 u0_a188 5 Apr 3 16:29 .bash_history
drwx------ 2 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:28 .termux
drwx------ 2 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:32 storage
04:33:29 $
04:33:30 $ ls --color=never -l -all
total 18
drwx------ 4 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:32 .
drwxrwx--x 4 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:28 ..
-rw------- 1 u0_a188 u0_a188 5 Apr 3 16:29 .bash_history
drwx------ 2 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:28 .termux
drwx------ 2 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:32 storage
04:34:17 $
04:34:18 $ ls --color=never -l -a
total 18
drwx------ 4 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:32 .
drwxrwx--x 4 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:28 ..
-rw------- 1 u0_a188 u0_a188 5 Apr 3 16:29 .bash_history
drwx------ 2 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:28 .termux
drwx------ 2 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:32 storage
04:34:35 $
04:34:36 $ ls --color=never -la
total 18
drwx------ 4 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:32 .
drwxrwx--x 4 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:28 ..
-rw------- 1 u0_a188 u0_a188 5 Apr 3 16:29 .bash_history
drwx------ 2 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:28 .termux
drwx------ 2 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:32 storage
04:34:52 $
04:34:52 $ pwd # "pwd --help"
/data/data/com.termux/files/home
04:35:08 $
04:35:09 $ ls --color=never -la $PREFIX/etc/apt
total 26
drwx------ 5 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:28 .
drwx------ 7 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:28 ..
drwx------ 2 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:28 apt.conf.d
drwx------ 2 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:28 preferences.d
-rw------- 1 u0_a188 u0_a188 91 Apr 3 16:28 sources.list
-rw------- 1 u0_a188 u0_a188 1198 Apr 3 16:28 trusted.gpg
drwx------ 2 u0_a188 u0_a188 3488 Apr 3 16:28 trusted.gpg.d
04:35:27 $
04:35:28 $ cd $PREFIX/etc/apt
04:35:52 $
04:35:55 $ pwd
/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/etc/apt
04:36:05 $
04:36:07 $ cp --verbose -pi sources.list $HOME/BACKUP # "cp --help"'sources.list' -> '/data/data/com.termux/files/home/BACKUP'
04:36:25 $
04:36:26 $ ls --color=never -la $HOME/BACKUP
-rw------- 1 u0_a188 u0_a188 91 Apr 3 16:28 /data/data/com.termux/files/home/BACKUP
04:36:41 $
04:36:42 $ cat sources.list # "cat --help"
# The main termux repository:
deb https://packages.termux.org/apt/termux-main/ stable main
04:37:17 $
04:37:17 $ nano --linenumbers sources.list # "nano --help"
04:38:53 $
04:39:13 $ cd $HOME
04:39:16 $
04:39:17 $ pwd
/data/data/com.termux/files/home
04:39:28 $
04:39:28 $ cat $PREFIX/etc/apt/sources.list
# The main termux repository:
#deb https://packages.termux.org/apt/termux-main/ stable main
deb http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main/ stable main
deb http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-root/ root stable
deb http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-x11/ x11 main
04:39:41 $
04:39:42 $ apt update
Get:1 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable InRelease [14.0 kB]
Get:2 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-root root InRelease [14.2 kB]
Get:3 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-x11 x11 InRelease [14.0 kB]
Get:4 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm Packages [489 kB]
Get:5 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-root root/stable arm Packages [17.8 kB]
Get:6 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-x11 x11/main arm Packages [123 kB]
Fetched 673 kB in 20s (34.2 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
61 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
04:40:41 $
04:40:44 $
04:40:44 $ apt upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
bash-completion libmd libsmartcols resolv-conf zstd
The following packages will be upgraded:
apt bash ca-certificates command-not-found coreutils curl dash
debianutils dialog diffutils dos2unix dpkg ed findutils gawk gpgv
grep gzip inetutils less libandroid-support libc++ libcap-ng
libcrypt libcurl libevent libexpat libgcrypt libgmp libgnutls
libgpg-error libiconv libidn2 liblz4 liblzma libmpfr libnettle
libnghttp2 libssh2 libtirpc libunistring lsof nano ncurses openssl
pcre2 procps psmisc readline sed tar termux-am-socket termux-exec
termux-keyring termux-licenses termux-tools unbound unzip
util-linux xz-utils zlib
61 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 16.9 MB of archives.
After this operation, 7487 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm liblzma arm 5.4.2 [241 kB]
Get:2 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm xz-utils arm 5.4.2 [62.5 kB]
Get:3 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm zlib arm 1.2.13 [61.2 kB]
Get:3 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm zlib arm 1.2.13 [61.2 kB]
Get:5 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm zstd arm 1.5.4 [284 kB]
Get:6 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libiconv arm 1.17 [550 kB]
Get:7 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libandroid-support arm 28-3 [10.2 kB]
Get:8 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libc++ arm 25c [185 kB]
Get:9 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libgmp arm 6.2.1-2 [295 kB]
Get:10 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm coreutils arm 9.1-2 [731 kB]
Get:11 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libmd arm 1.0.4 [36.6 kB]
Get:12 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm diffutils arm 3.9 [146 kB]
Get:13 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm ncurses arm 6.4-1 [503 kB]
Get:14 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm pcre2 arm 10.42 [848 kB]
Get:15 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm less arm 608-1 [93.3 kB]
Get:16 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm tar arm 1.34-2 [326 kB]
Get:17 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm dpkg arm 1.21.21 [265 kB]
Get:18 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm findutils arm 4.9.0-2 [229 kB]
Get:19 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libgpg-error arm 1.46 [100 kB]
Get:20 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libgcrypt arm 1.10.1-1 [421 kB]
Get:21 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm gpgv arm 2.4.0-2 [164 kB]
Get:22 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm grep arm 3.9 [116 kB]
Get:23 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm ca-certificates all 1:2023.01.10 [119 kB]
Get:24 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm openssl arm 1:3.1.0 [1507 kB]
Get:25 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libcurl arm 7.88.1 [965 kB]
Get:26 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm curl arm 7.88.1 [186 kB]
Get:27 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libnghttp2 arm 1.52.0 [89.9 kB]
Get:28 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libssh2 arm 1.10.0-2 [176 kB]
Get:29 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libnettle arm 3.8.1 [387 kB]
Get:30 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libunistring arm 1.1 [517 kB]
Get:31 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libidn2 arm 2.3.4 [100 kB]
Get:32 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm resolv-conf arm 1.3 [976 B]
Get:33 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libevent arm 2.1.12-2 [190 kB]
Get:34 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libexpat arm 2.5.0 [76.3 kB]
Get:35 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm unbound arm 1.17.1 [565 kB]
Get:36 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libgnutls arm 3.8.0 [676 kB]
Get:37 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm liblz4 arm 1.9.4 [87.9 kB]
Get:38 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm sed arm 4.9 [111 kB]
Get:39 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm termux-am-socket arm 1.5.0 [10.4 kB]
Get:40 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm dash arm 0.5.12 [61.5 kB]
Get:41 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libmpfr arm 4.2.0 [263 kB]
Get:42 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm readline arm 8.2.1 [224 kB]
Get:43 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm gawk arm 5.2.1 [725 kB]
Get:44 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm procps arm 3.3.17-2 [131 kB]
Get:45 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm psmisc arm 23.6-1 [38.5 kB]
Get:46 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm termux-exec arm 1:1.0 [3352 B]
Get:47 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libsmartcols arm 2.38.1-1 [69.8 kB]
Get:48 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm util-linux arm 2.38.1-1 [551 kB]
Get:49 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libcap-ng arm 2:0.8.3 [33.9 kB]
Get:50 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm dialog arm 1.3-20230209-0 [92.4 kB]
Get:51 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm termux-tools all 1.37.0 [28.3 kB]
Get:52 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm termux-keyring all 3.11 [37.2 kB]
Get:53 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm termux-licenses all 2.0-3 [52.2 kB]
Get:54 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm apt arm 2.6.0 [935 kB]
Get:55 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm bash arm 5.2.15 [858 kB]
Get:56 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libcrypt arm 0.2-5 [8344 B]
Get:57 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm bash-completion all 2.11-2 [156 kB]
Get:58 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm command-not-found arm 2.1.0-15 [242 kB]
Get:59 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm debianutils arm 5.7 [18.3 kB]
Get:60 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm dos2unix arm 7.4.4 [60.1 kB]
Get:61 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm ed arm 1.19 [37.6 kB]
Get:62 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm inetutils arm 2.4 [226 kB]
Get:63 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm libtirpc arm 1.3.3 [117 kB]
Get:64 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm lsof arm 4.98.0 [107 kB]
Get:65 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm nano arm 7.2 [209 kB]
Get:66 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable/main arm unzip arm 6.0-9 [114 kB]
Fetched 16.9 MB in 42s (401 kB/s)
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Configuration file '/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/etc/tls/openssl.cnf'
==> File on system created by you or by a script.
==> File also in package provided by package maintainer.
What would you like to do about it ? Your options are:
Y or I : install the package maintainer's version
N or O : keep your currently-installed version
D : show the differences between the versions
Z : start a shell to examine the situation
The default action is to keep your current version.
*** openssl.cnf (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ?
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Configuration file '/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/etc/motd'
==> File on system created by you or by a script.
==> File also in package provided by package maintainer.
What would you like to do about it ? Your options are:
Y or I : install the package maintainer's version
N or O : keep your currently-installed version
D : show the differences between the versions
Z : start a shell to examine the situation
The default action is to keep your current version.
*** motd (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ?

Configuration file '/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/etc/motd-playstore'
==> File on system created by you or by a script.
==> File also in package provided by package maintainer.
What would you like to do about it ? Your options are:
Y or I : install the package maintainer's version
N or O : keep your currently-installed version
D : show the differences between the versions
Z : start a shell to examine the situation
The default action is to keep your current version.
*** motd-playstore (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ?

Configuration file '/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/etc/profile.d/init-termux-properties.sh'
==> File on system created by you or by a script.
==> File also in package provided by package maintainer.
What would you like to do about it ? Your options are:
Y or I : install the package maintainer's version
N or O : keep your currently-installed version
D : show the differences between the versions
Z : start a shell to examine the situation
The default action is to keep your current version.
*** init-termux-properties.sh (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ?
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Setting up apt (2.6.0) ...

Configuration file '/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/etc/apt/sources.list'
==> File on system created by you or by a script.
==> File also in package provided by package maintainer.
What would you like to do about it ? Your options are:
Y or I : install the package maintainer's version
N or O : keep your currently-installed version
D : show the differences between the versions
Z : start a shell to examine the situation
The default action is to keep your current version.
*** sources.list (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ?
(Reading database ... 4413 files and directories currently installed.)
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Unpacking bash (5.2.15) over (5.1.12-2) ...
Setting up bash (5.2.15) ...

Configuration file '/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/etc/bash.bashrc'
==> File on system created by you or by a script.
==> File also in package provided by package maintainer.
What would you like to do about it ? Your options are:
Y or I : install the package maintainer's version
N or O : keep your currently-installed version
D : show the differences between the versions
Z : start a shell to examine the situation
The default action is to keep your current version.
*** bash.bashrc (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ?
(Reading database ... 4418 files and directories currently installed.)
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Setting up nano (7.2) ...
update-alternatives: using /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/nano to provide /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/editor (editor) in auto mode
Setting up debianutils (5.7) ...
Setting up dos2unix (7.4.4) ...
W: http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main/pool/main/z/zlib/zlib_1.2.13_arm.deb: Automatically disabled Acquire::http::Pipeline-Depth due to incorrect response from server/proxy. (man 5 apt.conf)
04:42:15 $
04:44:21 $ apt update Get:1 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-main stable InRelease [14.0 kB] Get:2 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-root root InRelease [14.2 kB] Get:3 http://127.0.0.1:8181/packages.termux.dev/apt/termux-x11 x11 InRelease [14.0 kB] Fetched 42.2 kB in 3s (12.2 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.
04:44:57 $ apt install manpages util-linux teseq vim nano wget android-tools libnfs links openssh man termux-api libusb clang ncurses ncurses-utils asciinema gnutls termux-tools bc samba apache2 traceroute net-tools iproute2 inetutils bsd-games netcat-openbsd nmap nmap-ncat rlwrap dosfstools e2fsprogs pass pass-otp openssl-tool gpgv pwgen openjdk-17 paperkey unrar ncftp lftp darkhttpd file sshpass mutt neomutt alpine neofetch cpufetch progress pv gptfdisk fdisk curl dos2unix lynx gifsicle cadaver mlocate
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
util-linux is already the newest version (2.38.1-1).
nano is already the newest version (7.2).
ncurses is already the newest version (6.4-1).
termux-tools is already the newest version (1.37.0).
net-tools is already the newest version (2.10.0).
inetutils is already the newest version (2.4).
gpgv is already the newest version (2.4.0-2).
curl is already the newest version (7.88.1).
dos2unix is already the newest version (7.4.4).
The following additional packages will be installed:
abseil-cpp apr apr-util attr brotli flex fontconfig freetype
fribidi gdbm gdk-pixbuf giflib git glib gnupg harfbuzz krb5 ldns
libandroid-execinfo libandroid-posix-semaphore libandroid-shmem
libandroid-spawn libandroid-wordexp libblkid libbsd libcairo
libcap libcompiler-rt libdb libedit libfdisk libffi libgmime
libgraphite libice libicu libidn libjpeg-turbo libksba libllvm
liblua53 liblzo libmount libneon libpcap libpixman libpng libpopt
libprotobuf libresolv-wrapper librsvg libsasl libsm libsqlite
libtalloc libtasn1 libtdb libtiff libuuid libwebp libx11 libxapian
libxau libxcb libxdmcp libxext libxft libxi libxml2 libxmu
libxrandr libxrender libxslt libxt libxtst lld llvm m4 make
mime-support ncurses-ui-libs ndk-sysroot notmuch oathtool
openjdk-17-x openssh-sftp-server pango pinentry pkg-config python
python-ensurepip-wheels python-pip tdb-tools termux-auth tree
ttf-dejavu vim-runtime xmlsec xorg-xauth
Suggested packages:
scdaemon cups libqrencode python-tkinter
The following NEW packages will be installed:
abseil-cpp alpine android-tools apache2 apr apr-util asciinema
attr bc brotli bsd-games cadaver clang cpufetch darkhttpd
dosfstools e2fsprogs fdisk file flex fontconfig freetype fribidi
gdbm gdk-pixbuf giflib gifsicle git glib gnupg gnutls gptfdisk
harfbuzz iproute2 krb5 ldns lftp libandroid-execinfo
libandroid-posix-semaphore libandroid-shmem libandroid-spawn
libandroid-wordexp libblkid libbsd libcairo libcap libcompiler-rt
libdb libedit libfdisk libffi libgmime libgraphite libice libicu
libidn libjpeg-turbo libksba libllvm liblua53 liblzo libmount
libneon libnfs libpcap libpixman libpng libpopt libprotobuf
libresolv-wrapper librsvg libsasl libsm libsqlite libtalloc
libtasn1 libtdb libtiff libusb libuuid libwebp libx11 libxapian
libxau libxcb libxdmcp libxext libxft libxi libxml2 libxmu
libxrandr libxrender libxslt libxt libxtst links lld llvm lynx m4
make man manpages mime-support mlocate mutt ncftp ncurses-ui-libs
ncurses-utils ndk-sysroot neofetch neomutt netcat-openbsd nmap
nmap-ncat notmuch oathtool openjdk-17 openjdk-17-x openssh
openssh-sftp-server openssl-tool pango paperkey pass pass-otp
pinentry pkg-config progress pv pwgen python
python-ensurepip-wheels python-pip rlwrap samba sshpass tdb-tools
termux-api termux-auth teseq traceroute tree ttf-dejavu unrar vim
vim-runtime wget xmlsec xorg-xauth
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Preparing to unpack .../142-sshpass_1.10_arm.deb ...
Unpacking sshpass (1.10) ...
Selecting previously unselected package termux-api.
Preparing to unpack .../143-termux-api_0.57_arm.deb ...
Unpacking termux-api (0.57) ...
Selecting previously unselected package teseq.
Preparing to unpack .../144-teseq_1.1.1-1_arm.deb ...
Unpacking teseq (1.1.1-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package traceroute.
Preparing to unpack .../145-traceroute_2.1.2_arm.deb ...
Unpacking traceroute (2.1.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package unrar.
Preparing to unpack .../146-unrar_6.2.6_arm.deb ...
Unpacking unrar (6.2.6) ...
Selecting previously unselected package vim-runtime.
Preparing to unpack .../147-vim-runtime_9.0.1400_all.deb ...
Unpacking vim-runtime (9.0.1400) ...
Selecting previously unselected package vim.
Preparing to unpack .../148-vim_9.0.1400_arm.deb ...
Unpacking vim (9.0.1400) ...
Selecting previously unselected package wget.
Preparing to unpack .../149-wget_1.21.3-5_arm.deb ...
Unpacking wget (1.21.3-5) ...
Selecting previously unselected package xorg-xauth.
Preparing to unpack .../150-xorg-xauth_1.1.2_arm.deb ...
Unpacking xorg-xauth (1.1.2) ...
Setting up paperkey (1.6) ...
Setting up libksba (1.6.3) ...
Setting up libedit (20221030-3.1-0) ...
Setting up openssh-sftp-server (9.3p1) ...
Setting up libuuid (2.38.1-1) ...
Setting up cpufetch (1.03) ...
Setting up mime-support (1:2.1.53) ...
Setting up libpng (1.6.39) ...
Setting up teseq (1.1.1-1) ...
Setting up traceroute (2.1.2) ...
Setting up libpcap (1.10.3) ...
Setting up libpixman (0.42.2) ...
Setting up openssl-tool (1:3.1.0) ...
Setting up attr (2.5.1) ...
Setting up libxdmcp (1.1.4) ...
Setting up libgraphite (1.3.14-2) ...
Setting up iproute2 (6.2.0) ...
Setting up libusb (1.0.26-1) ...
Setting up gdbm (1.23) ...
Setting up libandroid-wordexp (0.1) ...
Setting up ldns (1.8.3-2) ...
Setting up libandroid-shmem (0.4) ...
Setting up dosfstools (4.2) ...
Setting up bsd-games (1:3.2) ...
Setting up lftp (4.9.2-5) ...
Setting up ndk-sysroot (25c) ...
Setting up m4 (1.4.19-4) ...
Setting up libneon (0.32.5) ...
Setting up libcap (2.67) ...
Setting up libpopt (1.19) ...
Setting up unrar (6.2.6) ...
Setting up libnfs (5.0.2) ...
Setting up file (5.44) ...
Setting up ncurses-utils (6.4-1) ...
Setting up libandroid-posix-semaphore (0.1-3) ...
Setting up sshpass (1.10) ...
Setting up neofetch (7.1.0-1) ...
Setting up libicu (72.1) ...
Setting up libandroid-spawn (0.3) ...
Setting up libsqlite (3.41.1) ...
Setting up libffi (3.4.4) ...
Setting up libice (1.1.1) ...
Setting up ttf-dejavu (2.37-8) ...
Setting up apr (1.7.2) ...
Setting up libandroid-execinfo (0.1-1) ...
Setting up ncurses-ui-libs (6.4-1) ...
Setting up gptfdisk (1.0.9-1) ...
Setting up darkhttpd (1.14) ...
Setting up libblkid (2.38.1-1) ...
Setting up libtasn1 (4.19.0-1) ...
Setting up make (4.4.1) ...
Setting up libxau (1.0.11) ...
Setting up pinentry (1.2.1-1) ...
Setting up rlwrap (0.46.1) ...
Setting up tree (2.1.0) ...
Setting up libjpeg-turbo (2.1.5.1) ...
Setting up git (2.40.0) ...
Setting up man (1.14.6) ...
Setting up apr-util (1.6.3) ...
Setting up liblua53 (5.3.6) ...
Setting up pv (1.6.20) ...
Setting up gnutls (3.8.0) ...
Setting up giflib (5.2.1-2) ...
Setting up gifsicle (1.93) ...
Setting up glib (2.76.0-1) ...
Setting up libresolv-wrapper (1.1.7-4) ...
Setting up libtalloc (2.4.0) ...
Setting up gnupg (2.4.0-2) ...
Setting up termux-auth (1.4-2) ...
Setting up libbsd (0.11.7) ...
Setting up termux-api (0.57) ...
Setting up openjdk-17 (17.0-25) ...
Setting up libxcb (1.15) ...
Setting up mlocate (0.26-5) ...
Remember to run `updatedb'.
Setting up libgmime (3.2.13) ...
Setting up libidn (1.41) ...
Setting up vim-runtime (9.0.1400) ...
Setting up libxapian (1.4.22) ...
Setting up alpine (2.26) ...
warning making a passwordless masterpasword file
........+......+...+...........+.+..+...+.........+....+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*....+.......+...+.....+.......+......+..+..........+...+..+...+....+..+............................+..+......+.........+....+..+.......+..+.+..+.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*........+......+...............+.+...+.........+..+.+..+.......+...+..+....+..+...+.+.........+..+...................+.........+...........+...+......+.+.....+................+..+...............+...+.......+......+...............+.....+......+...............+.+........+.+.....+....++++++
...+.+...+......+.....+..........+..+.......+........+...+.........+...+..................+.+......+...+...........+.+..+.......+......+.....+...+..........+......+........+.+..............+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*..........+.......+...+..+......+.......+...+............+...+..+......+.......+...+...........+.........+.+.....+....+..+..........+...+..............+.+.....+.......+...+..+....+.....+.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*...............++++++
-----
Setting up libmount (2.38.1-1) ...
Setting up ncftp (3.2.6-1) ...
Setting up libdb (18.1.40-4) ...
Setting up liblzo (2.10-3) ...
Setting up python (3.11.2-2) ...

== Note: pip is now separate from python ==
To install, enter the following command:
pkg install python-pip

Setting up libxml2 (2.10.3-1) ...
Setting up pwgen (2.08-1) ...
Setting up abseil-cpp (20230125.1) ...
Setting up libsasl (2.1.28) ...
Setting up brotli (1.0.9-1) ...
Setting up notmuch (0.37) ...
Setting up flex (2.6.4-3) ...
Setting up vim (9.0.1400) ...
update-alternatives: using /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/vim to provide /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/editor (editor) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/vim to provide /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/vi (vi) in auto mode
Setting up wget (1.21.3-5) ...
Setting up python-ensurepip-wheels (3.11.2-2) ...
Setting up mutt (2.2.9) ...
Setting up progress (0.16-1) ...
Setting up cadaver (0.24) ...
Setting up libtdb (1.4.8) ...
Setting up manpages (6.03) ...
Setting up libfdisk (2.38.1-1) ...
Setting up apache2 (1:2.4.56) ...
Setting up netcat-openbsd (1.219-1-0) ...
Setting up libtiff (4.5.0) ...
Setting up libxslt (1.1.37) ...
Setting up bc (1.07.1-1) ...
Setting up e2fsprogs (1.47.0) ...
Setting up libprotobuf (2:22.1) ...
Setting up nmap (7.93) ...
Setting up fdisk (2.38.1-1) ...
Setting up libsm (1.2.4-1) ...
Setting up libx11 (1.8.4-1) ...
Setting up android-tools (34.0.0-1) ...
Setting up freetype (2.13.0-1) ...
Setting up fribidi (1.0.12) ...
Setting up tdb-tools (1.4.8) ...
Setting up pkg-config (0.29.2-2) ...
Setting up pass (1.7.4-2) ...
Setting up krb5 (1.20.1) ...
Setting up libllvm (15.0.7-3) ...
Setting up libxext (1.3.5) ...
Setting up neomutt (20220429-1) ...
Setting up gdk-pixbuf (2.42.10-1) ...
Setting up lynx (2.8.9rel.1-7) ...
Setting up asciinema (2.2.0-2) ...
Setting up nmap-ncat (7.93) ...
Setting up libxi (1.8) ...
Setting up samba (4.15.13) ...
Setting up libwebp (1.3.0) ...
Setting up fontconfig (2.14.2-1) ...
Setting up libxt (1.2.1-2) ...
Setting up xmlsec (1.2.37) ...
Setting up openssh (9.3p1) ...
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
Your public key has been saved in /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:w3RqVtJPMBmOnnZWtvlcxB9ra6anqpa7B4MbiLngKVg u0_a188@localhost
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
| +o |
| +.o . |
| + = + .o|
| + * = o .+|
| o . S o + oo|
| .Eo . * * o...|
|o.o . o + o+ |
|oo . . o . +. |
|. .+=..oo |
+----[SHA256]-----+
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
Your public key has been saved in /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:jVxvs02JHA/mbfyqLI4s3xRjvark1mOxmVJK9guNrss u0_a188@localhost
The key's randomart image is:
+---[DSA 1024]----+
| |
| |
| . + |
| . + * B . |
| S = O B |
| o+o+ B . |
| o+=o=o . .|
| ..=+=Xo . |
| E*B==+o.. |
+----[SHA256]-----+
Generating public/private ecdsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
Your public key has been saved in /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:iZnQTohaJOMWRPlICZjFyzlPG0MjOcuA9ufEbYnd4VM u0_a188@localhost
The key's randomart image is:
+---[ECDSA 256]---+
|XB=. |
|*O*.oo . E |
|o**B+.* + o |
|.+Bo+O O = |
|. +++* S . |
| o. |
| |
| |
| |
+----[SHA256]-----+
Generating public/private ed25519 key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
Your public key has been saved in /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:DPl0BGPTX+D7jKmBzQbOz1YjoSWSrrl3VioQubsYuSE u0_a188@localhost
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ED25519 256]--+
| =o. .. |
| o +.. . |
| .o.. .... |
| o o=..o .. |
| + .S+ .. |
| .o .o.=o o= |
|E + = +o=oo.o |
| . =+ o ++.o |
| o o+ + .+ |
+----[SHA256]-----+
Setting up lld (15.0.7-3) ...
Setting up libxrender (0.9.11) ...
Setting up oathtool (2.6.7) ...
Setting up libcompiler-rt (15.0.7-3) ...
Setting up llvm (15.0.7-3) ...
Setting up libxft (2.3.7) ...
Setting up libxtst (1.2.4) ...
Setting up libxmu (1.1.4) ...
Setting up libcairo (1.17.8) ...
Setting up harfbuzz (7.1.0) ...
Setting up libxrandr (1.5.3) ...
Setting up pass-otp (1.2.0-3) ...
Setting up openjdk-17-x (17.0-25) ...
Setting up xorg-xauth (1.1.2) ...
Setting up clang (15.0.7-3) ...
Setting up python-pip (23.0.1) ...
pip setup...
Writing to /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/etc/pip.conf
Setting up pango (1.50.14) ...
Setting up librsvg (2.55.2) ...
Setting up links (2.28-1) ...
04:47:12 $
04:47:25 $
04:47:26 $ updatedb # "man locate" and "man updatedb"
04:47:45 $
04:47:47 $


Termux session for Example 2
Welcome to Termux!

Community forum: https://termux.com/community
Gitter chat: https://gitter.im/termux/termux
IRC channel: #termux on libera.chat

Working with packages:

* Search packages: pkg search
* Install a package: pkg install
* Upgrade packages: pkg upgrade

Subscribing to additional repositories:

* Root: pkg install root-repo
* X11: pkg install x11-repo

Report issues at https://termux.com/issues

~ $ echo $PS1
\[\e[0;32m\]\w\[\e[0m\] \[\e[0;97m\]\$\[\e[0m\]
~ $
~ $ export PS1='\T $ '
11:07:44 $
11:07:45 $ echo $PS1
\T $
11:08:03 $
11:08:04 $ echo $HOME
/data/data/com.termux/files/home
11:08:16 $
11:08:17 $ echo $PREFIX
/data/data/com.termux/files/usr
11:08:40 $
11:08:41 $ pwd
/data/data/com.termux/files/home
11:08:56 $
11:08:58 $ ls --color=never -l $HOME/storage|grep -iv external
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 u0_a188 u0_a188 26 Apr 3 16:32 dcim -> /storage/emulated/0/DCIM
lrwxrwxrwx 1 u0_a188 u0_a188 30 Apr 3 16:32 downloads -> /storage/emulated/0/Download
lrwxrwxrwx 1 u0_a188 u0_a188 30 Apr 3 16:32 movies -> /storage/emulated/0/Movies
lrwxrwxrwx 1 u0_a188 u0_a188 30 Apr 3 16:32 music -> /storage/emulated/0/Music
lrwxrwxrwx 1 u0_a188 u0_a188 30 Apr 3 16:32 pictures -> /storage/emulated/0/Pictures
lrwxrwxrwx 1 u0_a188 u0_a188 22 Apr 3 16:32 shared -> /storage/emulated/0
11:09:21 $
11:09:23 $ ls --color=never -l storage/downloads
lrwxrwxrwx 1 u0_a188 u0_a188 30 Apr 3 16:32 storage/downloads -> /storage/emulated/0/Download
11:09:38 $
11:13:25 $
11:13:33 $ mktemp -d /storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.XXXXXXXXXX
/storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB
11:13:37 $
11:13:39 $
11:15:14 $
11:15:14 $ tree /storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB
/storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB

0 directories, 0 files
11:15:19 $
11:15:32 $ ls --color=never -alR /storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB
/storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB:
total 7
drwxrwx--- 2 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:13 .
drwxrwx--- 14 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:13 ..
11:16:24 $
11:16:25 $ cd /storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB # "cd --help"
11:16:55 $
11:16:58 $ pwd
/storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB
11:17:14 $
11:17:15 $ mkdir -v test-disk1-directory
mkdir: created directory 'test-disk1-directory'
11:17:28 $
11:17:30 $ cd test-disk1-directory
11:17:54 $
11:17:54 $ pwd
/storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB/test-disk1-directory
11:18:41 $
11:18:41 $ touch file1
11:18:54 $
11:18:54 $ ls --color=never -l file1.txt
ls: cannot access 'file1.txt': No such file or directory
11:19:06 $
11:19:08 $ mv file1 file1.txt
11:19:36 $
11:19:36 $ ls --color=never -l file1.txt
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 0 Apr 7 11:18 file1.txt
11:19:55 $
11:19:55 $ touch file2r.txt
11:20:09 $
11:20:10 $ rm -iv file2r.txt
rm: remove regular empty file 'file2r.txt'? y
removed 'file2r.txt'
11:20:33 $
11:20:34 $ touch file2.txt
11:20:48 $
11:20:49 $ cd ..
11:21:56 $
11:21:58 $ pwd
/storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB
11:22:12 $
11:22:13 $ dd if=/dev/zero of=test-disk1-30mb.ext bs=1M count=30 # Always initialize the image file with zeroes (zero-filled, 0-filled)
30+0 records in
30+0 records out
31457280 bytes (31 MB, 30 MiB) copied, 0.0563377 s, 558 MB/s
11:22:44 $
11:22:46 $ ls --color=never -l test-disk1-30mb.ext
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 31457280 Apr 7 11:22 test-disk1-30mb.ext
11:23:01 $
11:23:02 $ tree test-disk1-directory
test-disk1-directory
├── file1.txt
└── file2.txt

1 directory, 2 files
11:23:13 $
11:23:14 $ ls --color=never -la
total 30763
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:22 .
drwxrwx--- 14 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:13 ..
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 31457280 Apr 7 11:22 test-disk1-30mb.ext
drwxrwx--- 2 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:20 test-disk1-directory
11:23:37 $
11:23:38 $ ls --color=never -la test-disk1-directory
total 7
drwxrwx--- 2 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:20 .
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:22 ..
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 0 Apr 7 11:18 file1.txt
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 0 Apr 7 11:20 file2.txt
11:23:56 $
11:23:57 $ mkfs.ext4 -m 0 -L ext4-disk1-30mb -d test-disk1-directory test-disk1-30mb.ext # "man mkfs.ext4": "-d root-directory" "Copy the contents of the given directory into the root directory of the file system."
mke2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Creating filesystem with 30720 1k blocks and 7680 inodes
Filesystem UUID: c1bfbb1b-4ca2-4d8a-b1b7-4d398994b042
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (1024 blocks): done
Copying files into the device: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

11:24:27 $
11:24:28 $ pwd
/storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB
11:24:55 $
11:24:55 $ cadaver http://127.0.0.1:8181
dav:/> ls
Listing collection `/': succeeded.
Coll: [SYS] 0 Apr 7 11:24
Coll: [UNKNOWN] 0 Apr 7 11:24
Coll: lost+found 0 Apr 7 11:24
file1.txt 0 Apr 7 11:18
file2.txt 0 Apr 7 11:20
dav:/> quit
Connection to `127.0.0.1' closed.
11:30:01 $
11:30:02 $ ls --color=never -la
total 30763
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:22 .
drwxrwx--- 14 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:13 ..
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 31457280 Apr 7 11:24 test-disk1-30mb.ext
drwxrwx--- 2 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:20 test-disk1-directory
11:30:39 $
11:30:40 $ mkdir -v test-disk1-directory/last-example
mkdir: created directory 'test-disk1-directory/last-example'
11:30:55 $
11:30:56 $ tree test-disk1-directory
test-disk1-directory
├── file1.txt
├── file2.txt
└── last-example

2 directories, 2 files
11:31:29 $
11:31:30 $ ls --color=never -al test-disk1-directory
total 11
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:30 .
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:22 ..
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 0 Apr 7 11:18 file1.txt
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 0 Apr 7 11:20 file2.txt
drwxrwx--- 2 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:30 last-example
11:31:42 $
11:31:43 $ touch test-disk1-directory/last-example/file3.html
11:31:58 $
11:31:59 $ tree test-disk1-directory
test-disk1-directory
├── file1.txt
├── file2.txt
└── last-example
└── file3.html

2 directories, 3 files
11:32:20 $
11:32:21 $ ls --color=never -la test-disk1-directory
total 11
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:30 .
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:22 ..
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 0 Apr 7 11:18 file1.txt
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 0 Apr 7 11:20 file2.txt
drwxrwx--- 2 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:31 last-example
11:32:37 $
11:32:38 $ ls --color=never -alR test-disk1-directory
test-disk1-directory:
total 11
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:30 .
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:22 ..
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 0 Apr 7 11:18 file1.txt
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 0 Apr 7 11:20 file2.txt
drwxrwx--- 2 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:31 last-example

test-disk1-directory/last-example:
total 7
drwxrwx--- 2 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:31 .
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:30 ..
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 0 Apr 7 11:31 file3.html
11:32:52 $
11:32:52 $ nano --linenumbers test-disk1-directory/last-example/file4.html
11:34:52 $
11:34:53 $ pwd
/storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB
11:35:21 $
11:35:21 $ stat test-disk1-directory/last-example/file4.html
File: test-disk1-directory/last-example/file4.html
Size: 52 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: 0,31 Inode: 291051 Links: 1
Access: (0660/-rw-rw----) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 9997/everybody)
Access: 2023-04-07 11:34:51.981375695 -0400
Modify: 2023-04-07 11:34:51.981375695 -0400
Change: 2023-04-07 11:34:51.981375695 -0400
Birth: -
11:36:10 $
11:36:11 $ file test-disk1-directory/last-example/file4.html
test-disk1-directory/last-example/file4.html: HTML document, ASCII text
11:36:27 $
11:36:28 $ cat test-disk1-directory/last-example/file4.html
<html>
<body>
<h1>
file4.html
</h1>
</body>
</html>
11:36:51 $
11:36:52 $ tree test-disk1-directory
test-disk1-directory
├── file1.txt
├── file2.txt
└── last-example
├── file3.html
└── file4.html

2 directories, 4 files
11:37:11 $
11:37:11 $ ls --color=never -alR test-disk1-directory
test-disk1-directory:
total 11
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:30 .
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:22 ..
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 0 Apr 7 11:18 file1.txt
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 0 Apr 7 11:20 file2.txt
drwxrwx--- 2 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:34 last-example

test-disk1-directory/last-example:
total 11
drwxrwx--- 2 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:34 .
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:30 ..
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 0 Apr 7 11:31 file3.html
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 52 Apr 7 11:34 file4.html
11:37:27 $
11:37:28 $ cd test-disk1-directory
11:37:54 $
11:37:54 $ mv -iv file1.txt last-example
renamed 'file1.txt' -> 'last-example/file1.txt'
11:38:09 $
11:38:15 $ cp -iv file2.txt last-example
'file2.txt' -> 'last-example/file2.txt'
11:38:32 $
11:38:34 $ tree last-example
last-example
├── file1.txt
├── file2.txt
├── file3.html
└── file4.html

1 directory, 4 files
11:38:55 $
11:39:09 $
11:39:17 $
11:39:17 $ rm -iv file2.txt
rm: remove regular empty file 'file2.txt'? y
removed 'file2.txt'
11:39:22 $
11:39:22 $ pwd
/storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB/test-disk1-directory
11:39:36 $
11:39:37 $ ls --color=never -al
total 11
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:39 .
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:22 ..
drwxrwx--- 2 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:38 last-example
11:39:59 $
11:39:59 $ cd ..
11:40:24 $
11:40:25 $ pwd
/storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB
11:40:58 $
11:40:58 $ ls --color=never -al
total 30763
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:22 .
drwxrwx--- 14 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:13 ..
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 31457280 Apr 7 11:24 test-disk1-30mb.ext
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:39 test-disk1-directory
11:41:17 $
11:41:39 $
11:41:42 $ mkfs.ext4 -m 0 -L ext4-disk1-30mb -d test-disk1-directory test-disk1-30mb.ext
mke2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
test-disk1-30mb.ext contains a ext4 file system labelled 'ext4-disk1-30mb'
created on Fri Apr 7 11:24:27 2023
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y
Creating filesystem with 30720 1k blocks and 7680 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 6b941b84-6c1b-4fd1-8ed8-2bbe787fa2a1
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (1024 blocks): done
Copying files into the device: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

11:42:13 $
11:42:15 $ cadaver http://127.0.0.1:8181
dav:/> ls
Listing collection `/': succeeded.
Coll: [SYS] 0 Apr 7 11:42
Coll: [UNKNOWN] 0 Apr 7 11:42
Coll: last-example 0 Apr 7 11:38
Coll: lost+found 0 Apr 7 11:42
dav:/>
dav:/> cd last-example
dav:/last-example/> ls
Listing collection `/last-example/': succeeded.
file1.txt 0 Apr 7 11:18
file2.txt 0 Apr 7 11:38
file3.html 0 Apr 7 11:31
file4.html 52 Apr 7 11:34
dav:/last-example/>
dav:/last-example/> get file4.html
Downloading `/last-example/file4.html' to file4.html:
Progress: [=============================>] 100.0% of 52 bytes succeeded.
dav:/last-example/> quit
Connection to `127.0.0.1' closed.
11:44:59 $
11:45:00 $ pwd
/storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB
11:45:51 $
11:45:51 $ tree
.
├── file4.html
├── test-disk1-30mb.ext
└── test-disk1-directory
└── last-example
├── file1.txt
├── file2.txt
├── file3.html
└── file4.html

3 directories, 6 files
11:46:11 $
11:46:12 $ ls --color=never -alR
.:
total 30767
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:44 .
drwxrwx--- 14 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:13 ..
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 52 Apr 7 11:44 file4.html
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 31457280 Apr 7 11:42 test-disk1-30mb.ext
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:39 test-disk1-directory

./test-disk1-directory:
total 11
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:39 .
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:44 ..
drwxrwx--- 2 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:38 last-example

./test-disk1-directory/last-example:
total 11
drwxrwx--- 2 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:38 .
drwxrwx--- 3 root everybody 3488 Apr 7 11:39 ..
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 0 Apr 7 11:18 file1.txt
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 0 Apr 7 11:38 file2.txt
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 0 Apr 7 11:31 file3.html
-rw-rw---- 1 root everybody 52 Apr 7 11:34 file4.html
11:46:37 $
11:46:38 $ sha256sum file4.html
832da14690c20076c46153432f4692dcf7517641eb7ef92bc1ce1aa66db21bba file4.html
11:47:14 $
11:47:14 $ sha256sum test-disk1-directory/last-example/file4.html
832da14690c20076c46153432f4692dcf7517641eb7ef92bc1ce1aa66db21bba test-disk1-directory/last-example/file4.html
11:47:32 $
11:47:37 $ cmp --verbose file4.html test-disk1-directory/last-example/file4.html
11:47:57 $
11:47:58 $ links -dump
URL expected after -dump
11:48:17 $
11:48:19 $ links -dump http://127.0.0.1:8181/last-example/file4.html
file4.html
11:48:41 $
11:48:42 $
11:49:04 $
11:49:04 $ links -source http://127.0.0.1:8181/last-example/file4.html
<html>
<body>
<h1>
file4.html
</h1>
</body>
</html>
11:49:07 $
11:49:08 $ cd /storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB
11:49:28 $
11:49:29 $ rm -iv --recursive test-disk1-directory # "man rm"
rm: descend into directory 'test-disk1-directory'? y
rm: descend into directory 'test-disk1-directory/last-example'? y
rm: remove regular empty file 'test-disk1-directory/last-example/file3.html'? y
removed 'test-disk1-directory/last-example/file3.html'
rm: remove regular file 'test-disk1-directory/last-example/file4.html'? y
removed 'test-disk1-directory/last-example/file4.html'
rm: remove regular empty file 'test-disk1-directory/last-example/file1.txt'? y
removed 'test-disk1-directory/last-example/file1.txt'
rm: remove regular empty file 'test-disk1-directory/last-example/file2.txt'? y
removed 'test-disk1-directory/last-example/file2.txt'
rm: remove directory 'test-disk1-directory/last-example'? y
removed directory 'test-disk1-directory/last-example'
rm: remove directory 'test-disk1-directory'? y
removed directory 'test-disk1-directory'
11:50:10 $
11:50:13 $ pwd
/storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB
11:50:28 $
11:50:29 $ cd
11:51:01 $
11:51:01 $ pwd
/data/data/com.termux/files/home
11:51:18 $
11:51:19 $ rm -ivr /storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB
rm: descend into directory '/storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB'? y
rm: remove regular file '/storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB/test-disk1-30mb.ext'? y
removed '/storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB/test-disk1-30mb.ext'
rm: remove regular file '/storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB/file4.html'? y
removed '/storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB/file4.html'
rm: remove directory '/storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB'? y
removed directory '/storage/emulated/0/Download/ext4-test-directory.B7AjMjt8aB'
11:52:10 $
11:55:28 $


Reference Links

  1. Linux ext4 filesystem: "Filesystems in the Linux kernel": https://docs.kernel.org/filesystems/index.html , https://docs.kernel.org/filesystems/ext4/index.html ("ext4 Data Structures and Algorithms"), https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-modify-partition-labels-command-to-change-diskname/ ("Linux Change Disk Label Name on EXT2 / EXT3 / EXT4 File Systems"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/disk-space ("Linux sysadmins want to know: Where did my disk space go?")
  2. "What sysadmins need to know about using Bash": https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/bash-navigation
  3. "10 basic Linux commands you need to know": https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/basic-linux-commands
  4. "8 fundamental Linux file-management commands for new users": https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/linux-file-management-commands
  5. "8 essential Linux file navigation commands for new users": https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/Linux-file-navigation-commands
  6. "Basic Linux commands and tools every sysadmin should know": https://clockhash.com/blog/basic-linux-commands-and-tools-every-sysadmin-should-know
  7. bash: https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html ("Bash Reference Manual"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/linux-environment-variables ("Linux environment variable tips and tricks"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/scripting-writing-text-file ("Bash scripting: How to write data to text files"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/pipes-command-line-linux ("Working with pipes on the Linux command line"), https://linuxhint.com/linux-pipe-command-examples/ ("Linux Pipe Command with Examples"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/linux-shell-redirection-pipelining ("How to manipulate files with shell redirection and pipelines in Linux"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/redirect-shell-command-script-output ("How to redirect shell command output"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/history-command ("How to manage your Linux command history"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/parsing-bash-history ("Parsing Bash history in Linux"), https://wiki.bash-hackers.org
  8. ctrl-c (control-c), ctrl-d (control-d): https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/learning-the-unix/1565923901/ch01s04.html ("The Unresponsive Terminal"), https://www.networkworld.com/article/3284105/linux-control-sequence-tricks.html ("Linux control sequence tricks"), https://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~rootd/catdoc/guide/TheGuide_38.html ("UNIX Control-Key Commands")
  9. Linux commands "tput init", "tput reset", "tput clear": https://www.gnu.org/software/termutils/manual/termutils-2.0/html_mono/tput.html ("Portable Terminal Control From Scripts"), https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/terminalccmds.html ("16.7. Terminal Control Commands"), https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/bash-fix-the-display.html ("BASH Fix Display and Console Garbage and Gibberish on a Linux / Unix / macOS"), https://bash.cyberciti.biz/guide/Fixing_the_display_with_reset ("Fixing the display with reset")
  10. "The Linux man-pages project": https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/ , https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/man-pages/book/
  11. "How to find out what a Linux command does": https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/linux-command-documentation
  12. Linux 'tree" and "ls" commands: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-show-directory-structure-command-line/ ("Linux see directory tree structure using tree command"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/ls-command-options ("Sysadmin tools: 11 ways to use the ls command in Linux"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/Linux-file-navigation-commands ("8 essential Linux file navigation commands for new users")
  13. "How to Use the less, more, and most Commands to Read Text Files in Linux": https://www.makeuseof.com/use-less-more-and-most-linux-commands/
  14. Linux text editor "nano": https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/getting-started-nano ("Getting started with Nano")
  15. Linux text editors "vi", "vim", "ed": https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/get-started-vi-editor ("How to get started with the Vi editor"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/introduction-vi-editor ("An introduction to the vi editor"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/beginners-guide-vim ("Linux basics: A beginner's guide to text editing with vim"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/vim-commands ("Vim: Basic and intermediate commands"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/introduction-ed-editor ("How to get started with the ed text editor")
  16. Linux web browswer "links": http://links.twibright.com , http://links.twibright.com/download.php ("Documentation"), https://www.tecmint.com/command-line-web-browsers/ ("A Command Line Web Browsing with Lynx and Links Tools")
  17. Linux "grep" command: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/find-text-files-using-grep ("Find text in files using the Linux grep command")
  18. Linux "echo" command: https://phoenixnap.com/kb/echo-command-linux ("Echo Command in Linux (With Examples)"), https://www.tecmint.com/echo-command-in-linux/ ("15 Practical Examples of ‘echo’ command in Linux"),
  19. Linux "find" command: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/linux-find-command ("10 ways to use the Linux find command"), : https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/find-best-friend ("When it comes to Linux system troubleshooting, find is my best friend")
  20. Regular expressions (regex): https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/introducing-regular-expressions ("Introducing regular expressions"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/getting-started-regular-expressions-example ("Getting started with regular expressions: An example"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/regex-grep-data-flow ("Regex and grep: Data flow and building blocks"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/regular-expressions-pulling-it-all-together ("Regular expressions: Pulling it all together"), https://opensource.com/article/18/5/getting-started-regular-expressions ("Getting started with regular expressions")
  21. Linux "chmod" command: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/linux-file-permissions-xplained ("Linux file permissions explained"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/introduction-chmod ("Linux permissions: An introduction to chmod"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/manage-permissions ("How to manage Linux permissions for users, groups, and others"), https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/linux-permissions ("What sysadmins need to know about Linux permissions")
  22. Linux "bc" command: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/manual/html_mono/bc.html ("bc" "an arbitrary precision calculator language"), https://linuxconfig.org/bc ("bc command in Linux with examples"), https://web.archive.org/web/20211207113205/docstore.mik.ua/orelly/unix/upt/ch49_03.htm ("Chapter 49 Working with Numbers" "49.3 Gotchas in Base Conversion"), https://www.networkworld.com/article/3681079/converting-numbers-on-linux-among-decimal-hexadecimal-octal-and-binary.html ("Converting numbers on Linux among decimal, hexadecimal, octal, and binary"), https://www.theunixschool.com/2011/05/bc-unix-calculator.html ("bc - Unix calculator"), https://www.real-world-systems.com/docs/bc.1.html ("bc" "arbitrary precision calculator"), http://www.physics.smu.edu/coan/linux/bc.html ("6. (Very) Brief intro to bc")
  23. Linux "apt" command: https://linuxhint.com/debian_sources-list/ ("Understanding and Using Debian sources.list"), https://wiki.debian.org/SourcesList ("Configuring Apt Sources")
  24. Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV), Linux command "cadaver": http://www.webdav.org , https://docs.vscentrum.be/en/latest/data/cadaver_client_access.html ("Cadaver Client Access"), https://github.com/hpcloud/swift-webdav/blob/master/doc/Cadaver.md ("Using the Cadaver WebDAV Client"). https://help.webpal.net/apis/webdav ("WebPal Resources for Editors, Admins, Collaborators and Coders" "WebDAV Interface")
  25. Check the apps: https://www.virustotal.com/gui/home/url ("OPSWAT. MetaDefender Cloud"), https://metadefender.opswat.com ("VirusTotal")


Additional Installed Software

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