WordPress: Method for passing localized strings via wp_localize_script() to an external .js file

functions.php

<?php
/**
 * Localize strings for JavaScripts
 *
 * @link https://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/wp_localize_script
 */
	// Enqueue the script which will use the localized strings
	wp_enqueue_script( 'name-of-your-script', '/js/yourscript.js' );

	// Define an array of data to be passed on to your JavaScript file
	wp_localize_script( 'name-of-your-script', 'objectL10n', array(
		'localized_string' => __( 'Localized string', 'theme-name' ),
	));

yourscript.js

// objectL10n will be passed on to this file
console.log( objectL10n.localized_string );