Julia Micrograd implementation with Multi-layer perceptrons + backprop

micrograd.jl

### A Pluto.jl notebook ###
# v0.19.26

using Markdown
using InteractiveUtils

# ╔═╡ 9d7b2fcb-7155-4636-97f6-4401b6f561af
using GraphViz

# ╔═╡ 8d04e8a2-5a40-11ee-1678-757abfdac18b
Base.@kwdef mutable struct Value
	scalar::Real = 0.0
	grad::Real = 0.0
	back::Function = (() -> Nothing)
	children::Tuple = ()
	operation::Union{Nothing,Symbol} = nothing
	label::Union{Nothing,Symbol} = nothing
end

# ╔═╡ 5d70a89c-7ff3-401d-99cf-85a342d4a0cd
begin
	import Base
	function Base.:+(a::Value, b::Value)
		out = Value(scalar=a.scalar + b.scalar, children=(a,b), operation=:+)
		out.back = function()
			a.grad += 1.0 * out.grad
			b.grad += 1.0 * out.grad
		end
		return out
	end
	
	function Base.:*(a::Value, b::Value)
		out = Value(scalar=a.scalar * b.scalar, children=(a,b), operation=:*)
		out.back = function()
			a.grad += (b.scalar) * out.grad
			b.grad += (a.scalar) * out.grad
		end
		return out
	end

	function Base.show(io::IO, v::Value)
	    println(io,"Value(scalar=$(v.scalar))")
	end

	# Type promotion
	Base.:*(a::Value, b::Real) = a * Value(scalar=b)
	Base.:*(a::Real, b::Value) = b * a
	Base.:+(a::Value, b::Real) = a + Value(scalar=b)
	Base.:+(a::Real, b::Value) = b + a
	
	function tanh(v::Value)
		x = v.scalar
		t = (exp(2x) - 1) / (exp(2x) + 1)
		out = Value(scalar=t, children=(v, ), operation=:tanh)
		out.back = function()
			v.grad += (1 - t^2) * out.grad
		end
		return out
	end

	function backprop(v::Value)
		topo = []
		visited = Set()
		function build_topo(root)
			push!(visited, root)
			for child in root.children
				build_topo(child)
			end
			push!(topo, root)
		end
		build_topo(v)
	
		v.grad = 1.0
		for node in reverse(topo)
			node.back()
		end
	end
end

# ╔═╡ 8e6f19dd-9a2c-436e-9722-ec51f92bab4f
begin
	using Distributions
	mutable struct Neuron
		weights::Vector{Value}
		bias::Value
	end

	function Neuron(nin::Int)
		weights = [Value(scalar=rand(Uniform(-1,1))) for _ in 1:nin]
		bias = Value(scalar=rand(Uniform(-1,1)))
		Neuron(weights, bias)
	end

	function (n::Neuron)(x::Vector)
		# wx + b
		act = sum(n.weights .* x) + n.bias
		out = tanh(act)
		return out
	end
end

# ╔═╡ fc5c2efc-80ec-4e82-a4ea-b7cf2a5822f4
begin
	mutable struct Layer
		neurons::Vector{Neuron}
	end

	Layer(nin::Int, nout::Int) = Layer([Neuron(nin) for _ in 1:nout])
	Base.length(l::Layer) = length(l.neurons)
	function (l::Layer)(x::Vector) 
		outs = [n(x) for n in l.neurons]
		if length(outs) == 1
			return outs[1]
		else
			return outs
		end
	end
end

# ╔═╡ bfeb3df2-6fe5-484b-a7c7-0bf9f571e02b
begin
	mutable struct MLP
		layers::Vector{Layer}
	end

	function MLP(nin::Int, nouts::Vector{Int})
		sz = vcat(nin, nouts)
		layers = [Layer(sz[i], sz[i+1]) for i in 1:length(nouts)]
		MLP(layers)
	end

	function (mlp::MLP)(x::Vector)
		for layer in mlp.layers
			x = layer(x)
		end
		return x
	end
end

# ╔═╡ 321b3c58-3813-4ec6-985d-d6d4477ca94c
begin
	x = [2.0, 3.0, -1.0]
	n = MLP(3, [4,4,1])
	n(x)
end

# ╔═╡ bb0f7b4b-4852-4f7d-b388-b61b01cc3217

function trace(root)
	nodes, edges = Set(), Set()
	function build(v)
		if v ∉ nodes
			push!(nodes, v)
			for child in v.children
				push!(edges, (child, v))
				build(child)
			end
		end
	end
	build(root)
	return nodes, edges
end

# ╔═╡ 7e2d392f-d373-4e88-b81d-72ec2a8b4392
function build_dot(root)
	g = """digraph {
				rankdir="LR"
		"""
	nodes, edges = trace(root)
	for n in nodes
		uid = hash(n)
		g = g * """\n"$uid" [label = "$(n.label) | data $(n.scalar) | grad $(n.grad)" shape="record"]""" 
		if n.operation != nothing
			opname = "$uid$(n.operation)"
			g = g * """\n"$opname" [label = "$(n.operation)"]"""
			g = g * """\n"$opname" -> "$uid" """
		end
	end

	for (n1,n2) in edges
		g = g * """\n"$(hash(n1))" -> "$(string(hash(n2)) * string(n2.operation))" """
	end
	g = g * "\n}"
	f = tempname()*".dot"
	write(f, g)
	return GraphViz.load(open(f))
end

# ╔═╡ 944fb764-b168-47ab-aee9-fab532b99ba0
build_dot(n(x))

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uuid = "bac558e1-5e72-5ebc-8fee-abe8a469f55d"
version = "1.6.2"

[[deps.PCRE2_jll]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "Libdl"]
uuid = "efcefdf7-47ab-520b-bdef-62a2eaa19f15"
version = "10.42.0+0"

[[deps.PDMats]]
deps = ["LinearAlgebra", "SparseArrays", "SuiteSparse"]
git-tree-sha1 = "3129380a93388e5062e946974246fe3f2e7c73e2"
uuid = "90014a1f-27ba-587c-ab20-58faa44d9150"
version = "0.11.18"

[[deps.Pango_jll]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "Cairo_jll", "Fontconfig_jll", "FreeType2_jll", "FriBidi_jll", "Glib_jll", "HarfBuzz_jll", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
git-tree-sha1 = "4745216e94f71cb768d58330b059c9b76f32cb66"
uuid = "36c8627f-9965-5494-a995-c6b170f724f3"
version = "1.50.14+0"

[[deps.Pixman_jll]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "CompilerSupportLibraries_jll", "JLLWrappers", "LLVMOpenMP_jll", "Libdl"]
git-tree-sha1 = "64779bc4c9784fee475689a1752ef4d5747c5e87"
uuid = "30392449-352a-5448-841d-b1acce4e97dc"
version = "0.42.2+0"

[[deps.Pkg]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "Dates", "Downloads", "FileWatching", "LibGit2", "Libdl", "Logging", "Markdown", "Printf", "REPL", "Random", "SHA", "Serialization", "TOML", "Tar", "UUIDs", "p7zip_jll"]
uuid = "44cfe95a-1eb2-52ea-b672-e2afdf69b78f"
version = "1.9.0"

[[deps.Preferences]]
deps = ["TOML"]
git-tree-sha1 = "00805cd429dcb4870060ff49ef443486c262e38e"
uuid = "21216c6a-2e73-6563-6e65-726566657250"
version = "1.4.1"

[[deps.Printf]]
deps = ["Unicode"]
uuid = "de0858da-6303-5e67-8744-51eddeeeb8d7"

[[deps.QuadGK]]
deps = ["DataStructures", "LinearAlgebra"]
git-tree-sha1 = "eeab25344bf9901146c0200a7ca64ea479f8bf5c"
uuid = "1fd47b50-473d-5c70-9696-f719f8f3bcdc"
version = "2.9.0"

[[deps.REPL]]
deps = ["InteractiveUtils", "Markdown", "Sockets", "Unicode"]
uuid = "3fa0cd96-eef1-5676-8a61-b3b8758bbffb"

[[deps.Random]]
deps = ["SHA", "Serialization"]
uuid = "9a3f8284-a2c9-5f02-9a11-845980a1fd5c"

[[deps.Reexport]]
git-tree-sha1 = "45e428421666073eab6f2da5c9d310d99bb12f9b"
uuid = "189a3867-3050-52da-a836-e630ba90ab69"
version = "1.2.2"

[[deps.Requires]]
deps = ["UUIDs"]
git-tree-sha1 = "838a3a4188e2ded87a4f9f184b4b0d78a1e91cb7"
uuid = "ae029012-a4dd-5104-9daa-d747884805df"
version = "1.3.0"

[[deps.Rmath]]
deps = ["Random", "Rmath_jll"]
git-tree-sha1 = "f65dcb5fa46aee0cf9ed6274ccbd597adc49aa7b"
uuid = "79098fc4-a85e-5d69-aa6a-4863f24498fa"
version = "0.7.1"

[[deps.Rmath_jll]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg"]
git-tree-sha1 = "6ed52fdd3382cf21947b15e8870ac0ddbff736da"
uuid = "f50d1b31-88e8-58de-be2c-1cc44531875f"
version = "0.4.0+0"

[[deps.SHA]]
uuid = "ea8e919c-243c-51af-8825-aaa63cd721ce"
version = "0.7.0"

[[deps.Serialization]]
uuid = "9e88b42a-f829-5b0c-bbe9-9e923198166b"

[[deps.Sockets]]
uuid = "6462fe0b-24de-5631-8697-dd941f90decc"

[[deps.SortingAlgorithms]]
deps = ["DataStructures"]
git-tree-sha1 = "c60ec5c62180f27efea3ba2908480f8055e17cee"
uuid = "a2af1166-a08f-5f64-846c-94a0d3cef48c"
version = "1.1.1"

[[deps.SparseArrays]]
deps = ["Libdl", "LinearAlgebra", "Random", "Serialization", "SuiteSparse_jll"]
uuid = "2f01184e-e22b-5df5-ae63-d93ebab69eaf"

[[deps.SpecialFunctions]]
deps = ["IrrationalConstants", "LogExpFunctions", "OpenLibm_jll", "OpenSpecFun_jll"]
git-tree-sha1 = "e2cfc4012a19088254b3950b85c3c1d8882d864d"
uuid = "276daf66-3868-5448-9aa4-cd146d93841b"
version = "2.3.1"

    [deps.SpecialFunctions.extensions]
    SpecialFunctionsChainRulesCoreExt = "ChainRulesCore"

    [deps.SpecialFunctions.weakdeps]
    ChainRulesCore = "d360d2e6-b24c-11e9-a2a3-2a2ae2dbcce4"

[[deps.Statistics]]
deps = ["LinearAlgebra", "SparseArrays"]
uuid = "10745b16-79ce-11e8-11f9-7d13ad32a3b2"
version = "1.9.0"

[[deps.StatsAPI]]
deps = ["LinearAlgebra"]
git-tree-sha1 = "1ff449ad350c9c4cbc756624d6f8a8c3ef56d3ed"
uuid = "82ae8749-77ed-4fe6-ae5f-f523153014b0"
version = "1.7.0"

[[deps.StatsBase]]
deps = ["DataAPI", "DataStructures", "LinearAlgebra", "LogExpFunctions", "Missings", "Printf", "Random", "SortingAlgorithms", "SparseArrays", "Statistics", "StatsAPI"]
git-tree-sha1 = "75ebe04c5bed70b91614d684259b661c9e6274a4"
uuid = "2913bbd2-ae8a-5f71-8c99-4fb6c76f3a91"
version = "0.34.0"

[[deps.StatsFuns]]
deps = ["HypergeometricFunctions", "IrrationalConstants", "LogExpFunctions", "Reexport", "Rmath", "SpecialFunctions"]
git-tree-sha1 = "f625d686d5a88bcd2b15cd81f18f98186fdc0c9a"
uuid = "4c63d2b9-4356-54db-8cca-17b64c39e42c"
version = "1.3.0"

    [deps.StatsFuns.extensions]
    StatsFunsChainRulesCoreExt = "ChainRulesCore"
    StatsFunsInverseFunctionsExt = "InverseFunctions"

    [deps.StatsFuns.weakdeps]
    ChainRulesCore = "d360d2e6-b24c-11e9-a2a3-2a2ae2dbcce4"
    InverseFunctions = "3587e190-3f89-42d0-90ee-14403ec27112"

[[deps.SuiteSparse]]
deps = ["Libdl", "LinearAlgebra", "Serialization", "SparseArrays"]
uuid = "4607b0f0-06f3-5cda-b6b1-a6196a1729e9"

[[deps.SuiteSparse_jll]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "Libdl", "Pkg", "libblastrampoline_jll"]
uuid = "bea87d4a-7f5b-5778-9afe-8cc45184846c"
version = "5.10.1+6"

[[deps.TOML]]
deps = ["Dates"]
uuid = "fa267f1f-6049-4f14-aa54-33bafae1ed76"
version = "1.0.3"

[[deps.Tar]]
deps = ["ArgTools", "SHA"]
uuid = "a4e569a6-e804-4fa4-b0f3-eef7a1d5b13e"
version = "1.10.0"

[[deps.Test]]
deps = ["InteractiveUtils", "Logging", "Random", "Serialization"]
uuid = "8dfed614-e22c-5e08-85e1-65c5234f0b40"

[[deps.UUIDs]]
deps = ["Random", "SHA"]
uuid = "cf7118a7-6976-5b1a-9a39-7adc72f591a4"

[[deps.Unicode]]
uuid = "4ec0a83e-493e-50e2-b9ac-8f72acf5a8f5"

[[deps.XML2_jll]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Libiconv_jll", "Zlib_jll"]
git-tree-sha1 = "04a51d15436a572301b5abbb9d099713327e9fc4"
uuid = "02c8fc9c-b97f-50b9-bbe4-9be30ff0a78a"
version = "2.10.4+0"

[[deps.XSLT_jll]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Libgcrypt_jll", "Libgpg_error_jll", "Libiconv_jll", "Pkg", "XML2_jll", "Zlib_jll"]
git-tree-sha1 = "91844873c4085240b95e795f692c4cec4d805f8a"
uuid = "aed1982a-8fda-507f-9586-7b0439959a61"
version = "1.1.34+0"

[[deps.Xorg_libX11_jll]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Xorg_libxcb_jll", "Xorg_xtrans_jll"]
git-tree-sha1 = "afead5aba5aa507ad5a3bf01f58f82c8d1403495"
uuid = "4f6342f7-b3d2-589e-9d20-edeb45f2b2bc"
version = "1.8.6+0"

[[deps.Xorg_libXau_jll]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
git-tree-sha1 = "6035850dcc70518ca32f012e46015b9beeda49d8"
uuid = "0c0b7dd1-d40b-584c-a123-a41640f87eec"
version = "1.0.11+0"

[[deps.Xorg_libXdmcp_jll]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
git-tree-sha1 = "34d526d318358a859d7de23da945578e8e8727b7"
uuid = "a3789734-cfe1-5b06-b2d0-1dd0d9d62d05"
version = "1.1.4+0"

[[deps.Xorg_libXext_jll]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg", "Xorg_libX11_jll"]
git-tree-sha1 = "b7c0aa8c376b31e4852b360222848637f481f8c3"
uuid = "1082639a-0dae-5f34-9b06-72781eeb8cb3"
version = "1.3.4+4"

[[deps.Xorg_libXrender_jll]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg", "Xorg_libX11_jll"]
git-tree-sha1 = "19560f30fd49f4d4efbe7002a1037f8c43d43b96"
uuid = "ea2f1a96-1ddc-540d-b46f-429655e07cfa"
version = "0.9.10+4"

[[deps.Xorg_libpthread_stubs_jll]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
git-tree-sha1 = "8fdda4c692503d44d04a0603d9ac0982054635f9"
uuid = "14d82f49-176c-5ed1-bb49-ad3f5cbd8c74"
version = "0.1.1+0"

[[deps.Xorg_libxcb_jll]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "XSLT_jll", "Xorg_libXau_jll", "Xorg_libXdmcp_jll", "Xorg_libpthread_stubs_jll"]
git-tree-sha1 = "b4bfde5d5b652e22b9c790ad00af08b6d042b97d"
uuid = "c7cfdc94-dc32-55de-ac96-5a1b8d977c5b"
version = "1.15.0+0"

[[deps.Xorg_xtrans_jll]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl"]
git-tree-sha1 = "e92a1a012a10506618f10b7047e478403a046c77"
uuid = "c5fb5394-a638-5e4d-96e5-b29de1b5cf10"
version = "1.5.0+0"

[[deps.Zlib_jll]]
deps = ["Libdl"]
uuid = "83775a58-1f1d-513f-b197-d71354ab007a"
version = "1.2.13+0"

[[deps.libblastrampoline_jll]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "Libdl"]
uuid = "8e850b90-86db-534c-a0d3-1478176c7d93"
version = "5.8.0+0"

[[deps.libpng_jll]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "JLLWrappers", "Libdl", "Pkg", "Zlib_jll"]
git-tree-sha1 = "94d180a6d2b5e55e447e2d27a29ed04fe79eb30c"
uuid = "b53b4c65-9356-5827-b1ea-8c7a1a84506f"
version = "1.6.38+0"

[[deps.nghttp2_jll]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "Libdl"]
uuid = "8e850ede-7688-5339-a07c-302acd2aaf8d"
version = "1.48.0+0"

[[deps.p7zip_jll]]
deps = ["Artifacts", "Libdl"]
uuid = "3f19e933-33d8-53b3-aaab-bd5110c3b7a0"
version = "17.4.0+0"
"""

# ╔═╡ Cell order:
# ╠═8d04e8a2-5a40-11ee-1678-757abfdac18b
# ╠═5d70a89c-7ff3-401d-99cf-85a342d4a0cd
# ╠═8e6f19dd-9a2c-436e-9722-ec51f92bab4f
# ╠═fc5c2efc-80ec-4e82-a4ea-b7cf2a5822f4
# ╠═bfeb3df2-6fe5-484b-a7c7-0bf9f571e02b
# ╠═321b3c58-3813-4ec6-985d-d6d4477ca94c
# ╠═9d7b2fcb-7155-4636-97f6-4401b6f561af
# ╟─bb0f7b4b-4852-4f7d-b388-b61b01cc3217
# ╟─7e2d392f-d373-4e88-b81d-72ec2a8b4392
# ╠═944fb764-b168-47ab-aee9-fab532b99ba0
# ╟─00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001
# ╟─00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002