useful command for git

git commands

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****************	INITIALIGE AND MANAGE GIT	************************
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source: https://git-scm.com/doc

# Create a git repo using git API
	curl -u 'USER' https://api.github.com/user/repos -d '{"name":"REPO", "private":"true"}'
	# Here 'USER' is the username and 'REPO' is the repository name

# Configure git settings in the machine
	git config --global user.name "sakib37"
	git config --global user.email "shakib37@gmail.com"
	
# Check for help in git 
	git help 
	git help config				# Config related help
  
# Check global config
	git config --list
	You can also check what Git thinks a specific key’s value is by typing git config <key>:
	git config user.name
	All global git config is saved in ~/.gitconfig file
	
# To reset/replace a config done by 'git config' command 
	For example "git config --global user.name "sakib37" can be reset by
	Reset:		git config --global --unset-all user.name
	Unset:		git config --global --unset  user.name
	Replace: 	git config --global --replace-all user.name "New User Name"

# Go to the directory of the repo and initialize git
	git init

# Define where to push the code
	git remote add [shortname] [url]
	git remote add origin https://github.com/Sakib37/Thesis.git 

# Push local repo to github repository
	git push origin master

# Add, commit and push to the repo
	git add .
	git rm filename					# Removes file
	git commit -m 'First Commit'
	# To skip 'git add' use
	git commit -a -m "First commit"			# Autometically stage file
	git push origin master

# To rename a file in git
	git mv file_from file_to

# Commit on the same SHA of last commit 
	git commit --amend

# Check status(Modified or untracked files) of the repository
	git status
	git status -s				# Short version of status

# Check the difference between working directory and staging area
	git diff				# compares change in working directory and staging area
	git diff filename			# Differece in a file(working and staging version) 
	git diff --staged			# Compares stage changes to last commit 
	git diff --cached			# What is staged after last commit 
  
# Commit log can be seen by using the following command
	source: https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Viewing-the-Commit-History
	git log
	# -p, which shows the difference introduced in each commit.
	git log -p
	git log -p -2 				# Only info about last 2 commit
  
  
####################################################################
############################## stash   #############################
# Stash your current changes before switching branch
  git stash
  
# Get all changes from the stash
  git stash pop 
  
################################################################################
############################## Branching in git   #############################

# check the current branch
	git branch
	# More verbose branch info
	git branch -vv

# Create a new branch 
	git branch new_branch
	# Create branch and checkout at the same time
	git branch -b new_branch

# Go to a branch
	git checkout branch_name

# To see last commit on each branc
	git branch -v
	
# To check merged and unmarged branches with the current branch
	git branch --merged
	git branch --no-merged


# While merging branch go the receiver branch and put
	git merge name_of_branch_to_be_merged

# Conflict will occur while merging if the master has a new commit in a line and branch also has a new commit in the same line. 
	Remove all text because of merge conflict and add file to the staging area and commit

# Delete a branch 
	git commit -d branch_name
	git commit -D branch_name 			# if there is commit in new branch
  

###############################################################################
################## Backtracking in GIT  #######################################

# Most recent commit is the HEAD. To see HEAD
	git show HEAD

# To reset the file as in HEAD commit
	git checkout HEAD filename

# This command resets the file in the staging area to be the same as the HEAD commit. It does not discard file changes from the working directory, it just removes them from the staging area.
	git reset HEAD filename
	git reset SHA_OF_A_COMMIT
  
  
  
#########################################################################
############################## Team working############################## 

# Cloning remote repo
	source: https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Working-with-Remotes
	git clone remote_URL_or_filepath clone_name

# see the list of remotes for the current project
	git remote -v
	
# Inspecting remote 
	git remote show [remote-name]

# To rename a remote 
	git remote rename old_name new_name

# Delete a remote
	git remote rm remote_name

# Fetching remote to keep up_to_date with the remote
	git fetch
	git fetch remote_name 				# Fetching specific remote
	#  This will not merge the update/changes rather put them in a remote branch(origin/master)
	# To merge the updates in local master
	git merge origin/master
	
# Workflow to work with remote repo
	
	1. Fetch and merge changes from the remote
	2. Create a branch to work on a new project feature
	3. Develop the feature on your branch and commit your work
	4. Fetch and merge from the remote again (in case new commits were made while you were working)
	5. Push your branch up to the remote for review

# Push the local development branch to remote for review
	git push [remote-name] [branch-name]
	git push origin your_branch_name
	
	

###################################### TAG  ##################################
##############################################################################

source: https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Tagging

# Git has the ability to tag specific points in history as being important. Typically people use this functionality to mark release points (v1.0, and so on). 

# list the tags
	git tag

# Search for a tag pattern
	git tag -l "v1.8.5*"

# Creating an annotated tag
	git tag -a v1.4 -m "my version 1.4"

# Inspect a tag
	git tag tag_number

# Tagging later using the SHA of a commit
	git tag -a tag_name SHA_of_commit

################################################################################
####################################### Rebasing   #############################

soruce: https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing
# With the rebase command, you can take all the changes that were committed on one branch and replay them on another one.