Problems with bcc inside virtual machine

setup-cargo.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# Setup for everything needed + cargo

set -ex

# In my original case, here is some setup code for Cargo (https://crates.io).
# I've left it out since I'm sure my problem with bcc does not depend on these settings.

# Setup bcc as described in the Ubuntu install instructions at
# https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/INSTALL.md#ubuntu---binary
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys D4284CDD
echo "deb https://repo.iovisor.org/apt/xenial xenial main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/iovisor.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y bcc-tools libbcc-examples linux-headers-$(uname -r)

setup-kernel.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# This script I've borrowed from the setup up of iovisor's own
# Vagrant box to test xdp, see
# https://github.com/iovisor/xdp-vagrant/blob/master/setup-kernel.sh

if [[ "$USER" != "root" ]]; then
  echo "script must run as root"
  exit 1
fi

set -eux

export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive

apt-get install linux-image-4.9.0-0.bpo.2-amd64 linux-headers-4.9.0-0.bpo.2-amd64

Vagrantfile

# -*- mode: ruby -*-

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.box = "ubuntu/xenial64"
  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
    vb.memory = "8192"
    vb.cpus = 4
  end

  # These env vars are not important for my example, contained here
  # for completeness
  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: "echo export RUSTUP_HOME=/usr/local/rustup >> /home/vagrant/.bashrc"
  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: "echo export CARGO_HOME=/usr/local/cargo >> /home/vagrant/.bashrc"
  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: "echo export PATH=/usr/local/cargo/bin:$PATH >> /home/vagrant/.bashrc"
  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: "echo export CARGO_TARGET_DIR=target_vagrant >> /home/vagrant/.bashrc"

  config.vm.provision "shell", :privileged => true, path: "etc/vagrant/setup-cargo.sh"
  config.vm.provision "shell", :privileged => true, path: "etc/vagrant/setup-kernel.sh"
end