In case fonts are not being displayed with an error message (Cannot convert string "" to type FontStruct)
You don't even need the entire font description.
Ex. if you have the adobe font family just use
$ ls -la | xmessage -file - -center -default okay -font -adobe-*-*-r-*--0-100-*-*-p-*-*-* -center
100 is the font size
The default font for xmessage can be set in ~/.Xresources or ~/.Xdefaults (whichever is used) add
Xmessage*font: -adobe-*-*-r-*-*-*-100-*-*-p-*-*-*
to ~/.Xresources and run
$ xrdb load ~/.Xresources
$ ls -la | xmessage -file - -center -default okay -font -adobe-*-*-r-*--0-100-*-*-p-*-*-* -center
link: https://tronche.com/wiki/Howto_specify_X_scalable_fonts_from_the_command_line