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If you are using a Mac as your development environment, you really should be using Brew. You probably should be using it if you are a power user as well, as it isn't really that difficult.
A key feature of Brew is its ability to set up your Mac to a known configuration. It does this a feature called Bundle that uses Brewfiles. As doing development, or experimenting with new apps can break your system, I can easily restore back to a known configuration, both on my primary Macs, but also in VMware Fusion instances where I do more testing, including testing on old versions of MacOS and new beta versions of MacOS.
A version of Brew also is available on Linux, but I mostly use apt-get on Debian. I am considering some cross-platform development scripts to use Brew instead.
Compete details are at Brew but fairly simple to install. Open terminal.app (command-space + "terminal") and paste this command on the command line.
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install.sh)"
If you don't have a recent version of macOS, you may need to install the latest Xcode command tools first. I don't like downloading all of Xcode, so I use this trick to only install the latest command-line tools.
touch /tmp/.com.apple.dt.CommandLineTools.installondemand.in-progress;
softwareupdate -i -a
rm /tmp/.com.apple.dt.CommandLineTools.installondemand.in-progress
Another easy way to install all of this, along with some good basic security hardening practices, is to use Mike McQuaid's Strap tool by going to https://macos-strap.herokuapp.com/. If you have a github account, it will also install basic github permissions.
The most basic command
brew bundle install
Looks for ~/Brewfile and installs its contents
If you want to use a brewfile from a non-standard place.
brew bundle --file=~/.private/Brewfile
Or more specifically:
brew bundle install --file=rs-brew-dump
You can dump a Brewfile of your current brew/cask/mas entries into your current directory with
brew bundle dump
or to a specific directory and file name.
brew bundle dump --file=~/.private/Brewfile
If a Brewfile already exists, you'll need to do
brew bundle dump --force
If you want your current system configuration to match your brewfile
brew bundle --force cleanup
A key practice is to install EVERYTHING possible using brew, brew cask, or mas. Even things like fonts!
Three tools that really make this work for more than just development tools is the ability to install a large number of macOS UI apps using brew cask install <appname>, Mac Apple Store apps using mas install <appnumber>, search for them using brew search <searchterm> & mas search <searchterm>. Not everything is avaiable this way, but the most important ones are.
To use this make sure that these entries are near the top of your Brewfile:
tap "homebrew/cask"
tap "buo/cask-upgrade"
brew "mas"
You even install many open source fonts this way. Do brew tap homebrew/cask-fonts" and Add this top the top of your Brewfile`:
tap "homebrew/cask-fonts"
On can search for fonts once tapped by
brew search font
Finally, there is a Cask-Update tool that works with brew cask to update all of your Mac apps.
Add this to your Brewfile:
tap "buo/cask-upgrade"
Then to upgrade all of you Mac apps, just do:
brew cu
Cask-Update details some other features. In particular, I like brew cu pin <caskname> which locks an app to a specific version.
My current minimal Brew on macOS is:
tap "homebrew/core"
tap "homebrew/bundle"
tap "homebrew/cask"
tap "buo/cask-upgrade"
tap "homebrew/cask-fonts"
brew "github-keygen"
brew "gnupg"
brew "pinentry-mac"
brew "stow"
brew "mas"
brew "gh"
cask "atom"
cask "carbon-copy-cloner"cask "atom"
cask "typora"
I have two brewfiles currently:
-
One in
~.privatewhich I install right after installing brew and before setting up my basic.sshand.gnupgfiles so that I can use GitHub. It is the minimal essential list above. I can install this manually with a script inside.private. -
My standard in
~/Brewfileis actually a symlink to~/.dotfiles/mac/Brewfile. I different~/.dotfiles/for different environments.- My primary Mac is a monster MacBook Pro is really more of a "desktop" for me. It has 64 GB RAM with an 8TB HD. It probably has my largest Brewfile.
- That being said, it actually doesn't have many development tools in it. Instead, I mostly use VMware instances (mostly macOS but some Debian) for my development images. They use a different
~.dotfilesbased Brewfile. - My smaller, older MacBook is mostly for travel. It has different set of
~/.dotfiles/focused on just enough to work remotely. I'm always prepared to restore this Mac from scratch. - For a month or so each year, late summer early fall, my old MacBook also will run the latest beta of macOS, allowing me to test not just macOS, but also be prepared for changes to my development environments.
-
Instead of
brew cask uninstall <caskname>you can dobrew cask zap <caskname>which may also do additional removal of preferences, caches, updaters, etc. stored in~/Library. See Zap -
A pariculary powerful feature for Brew is that it attempts to install developer tools in ways that allow them to co-exist. However if you are using multiple versions of a tool, it can be difficult to understand dependencies. These links may help:
- brew deps
brew deps --tree <brewformula>brew deps --tree -1 <brewformula>brew deps --include-build --tree $(brew leaves)
- brew leaves
brew leaves | xargs brew deps --include-build --treebrew leaves | xargs brew deps --installed --for-each | sed "s/^.*:/$(tput setaf 4)&$(tput sgr0)/"brew leaves | sed 's/^/install /' > Brewfile
- brew graph
- A critique of
brew leavesandbrew graph
- brew deps
-
If you are a heavy Github user, or are creating brew formulae, there is an advanced wrapper for Homebrew that automates the creation of the Brewfile and can store it on Github, along with a many more features: https://homebrew-file.readthedocs.io/