Magento 2 : Create Programmatically Website/Store/StoreGroup

WebsiteAndStoreCreator.php

<?php

namespace XX\StoreBuilder\Setup;

/**
 * Class InstallData
 * @package XX\StoreBuilder\Setup
 */

use Magento\Framework\Event\ManagerInterface;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\InstallDataInterface;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\ModuleContextInterface;
use Magento\Framework\Setup\ModuleDataSetupInterface;
use Magento\Store\Model\GroupFactory;
use Magento\Store\Model\ResourceModel\Group;
use Magento\Store\Model\ResourceModel\Store;
use Magento\Store\Model\ResourceModel\Website;
use Magento\Store\Model\StoreFactory;
use Magento\Store\Model\WebsiteFactory;

class InstallData implements InstallDataInterface
{
    /**
     * @var ManagerInterface
     */
    private $eventManager;
    /**
     * @var GroupFactory
     */
    private $groupFactory;
    /**
     * @var Group
     */
    private $groupResourceModel;
    /**
     * @var StoreFactory
     */
    private $storeFactory;
    /**
     * @var Store
     */
    private $storeResourceModel;
    /**
     * @var WebsiteFactory
     */
    private $websiteFactory;
    /**
     * @var Website
     */
    private $websiteResourceModel;

    /**
     * InstallData constructor.
     * @param WebsiteFactory $websiteFactory
     * @param Website $websiteResourceModel
     * @param Store $storeResourceModel
     * @param Group $groupResourceModel
     * @param StoreFactory $storeFactory
     * @param GroupFactory $groupFactory
     * @param ManagerInterface $eventManager
     */
    public function __construct(
        Group $groupResourceModel,
        GroupFactory $groupFactory,
        ManagerInterface $eventManager,
        Store $storeResourceModel,
        StoreFactory $storeFactory,
        Website $websiteResourceModel,
        WebsiteFactory $websiteFactory
    ) {
        $this->eventManager = $eventManager;
        $this->groupFactory = $groupFactory;
        $this->groupResourceModel = $groupResourceModel;
        $this->storeFactory = $storeFactory;
        $this->storeResourceModel = $storeResourceModel;
        $this->websiteFactory = $websiteFactory;
        $this->websiteResourceModel = $websiteResourceModel;
    }

    /**
     * @param  ModuleDataSetupInterface $setup
     * @param  ModuleContextInterface $context
     * @return void
     */
    public function install(ModuleDataSetupInterface $setup, ModuleContextInterface $context)
    {
        $setup->startSetup();

        $default_attributes = [
            [
                'website_code' => 'sitea',
                'website_name' => 'Site A',
                'group_name' => 'Site A Online Store',
                'store_code' => 'site_a_online_store_view',
                'store_name' => 'Site A Store View',
                'is_active' => '1'
            ],
            [
                'website_code' => 'siteb',
                'website_name' => 'Site B',
                'group_name' => 'Site B Online Store',
                'store_code' => 'site_b_online_store_view',
                'store_name' => 'Site B Store View',
                'is_active' => '1'
            ],
        ];

        foreach ($default_attributes as $attribute)
        {
            /** @var  \Magento\Store\Model\Store $store */
            $store = $this->storeFactory->create();
            $store->load($attribute['store_code']);
            
            if(!$store->getId()){
                /** @var \Magento\Store\Model\Website $website */
                $website = $this->websiteFactory->create();
                $website->load($attribute['website_code']);
                $website = $this->setWebID($website, $attribute);

                /** @var \Magento\Store\Model\Group $group */
                $group = $this->groupFactory->create();
                $group->setWebsiteId($website->getWebsiteId());
                $group->setName($attribute['group_name']);
                $this->groupResourceModel->save($group);


                $group = $this->groupFactory->create();
                $group->load($attribute['group_name'], 'name');
                $store->setCode($attribute['store_code']);
                $store->setName($attribute['store_name']);
                $store->setWebsite($website);
                $store->setGroupId($group->getId());
                $store->setData('is_active', $attribute['is_active']);
                $this->storeResourceModel->save($store);
                $this->eventManager->dispatch('store_add', ['store' => $store]);
                $store = $this->storeFactory->create();
            }

        }

        $setup->endSetup();        
        
    }

    /**
     * @param \Magento\Store\Model\Website $website
     * @param array $attribute
     * @return \Magento\Store\Model\Website
     */
    public function setWebID($website, $attribute)
    {
        if(!$website->getId()){
            $website->setCode($attribute['website_code']);
            $website->setName($attribute['website_name']);
            $this->websiteResourceModel->save($website);
        }

        return $website;

    }
    
}

Don't inject the resource models like this, it causes an object caching problem where creating the website causes an exception, because the inventory module's afterSave hook fails because it can't find the newly created website.

Instead use $website->getResource()->save($website) and $store->getResource()->save($store) and it'll work like a charm.

I don't know with which Magento version you are working, but from 2.2.6 i notice that $entity->getResource()->save($entity) is deprecated. When i want to save a entity, I use resourceModel and save method with my entity as param.