Simple Hangman Game

hangman.py

# Hangman is a paper and pencil guessing game for 2 or more players. One player thinks of a word,
# Phrase or sentence and the other tries to guess it by suggesting letters, within a certain number of guesses.

# You are the moderator. Given an entry word or sentence, check the input letters in order. If the entry is completed,
# the game is won: display the resulting handman and the final entry.
# The player is allowed 5 mistakes, corresponding to hangman's head, body, left arm, right arm, left leg. At the 6th
# Mistake the right leg is drawn and the game is over. if a letter is repeated more than once, the repeating occurrences
# Are always considered as an error, even if the first time was correct.

import os;
import re;
import random;

# Function to clear console
clear_console = lambda: os.system('cls' if os.name in ('nt', 'dos') else 'clear');

# Function to detect if char is valid
def is_valid_char( char ) :
    return ( char.isalpha() );

# Initialize list of possible entry words
possible_entry_words = [

    'Cheesecake',
    'Hello World',
    'I <3 Python',
    'This Took Hours!!!',
    'I\'m Running Out of Things to Say!',
    # Feel free to add more!

];

# Initialize entry word
entry_word = possible_entry_words[ random.randint( 0, len( possible_entry_words ) - 1 ) ];

# Get blank version of entry word
blank_entry = re.sub( '[a-z]', '_', entry_word.lower() );

# Get list of all unique characters in entry word
entry_letters = [];

# Loop through all characters in entry word and add them to the list
# If they aren't already added and are a valid character
for char in entry_word.lower() :
    if ( char not in entry_letters and is_valid_char( char ) ) : entry_letters.append( char );

# Initialize list of already guessed letters
letters_guessed = [];

# Initialize list of incorrect guesses
incorrect_guesses = [];

# Initialize mistakes count
mistakes_count = 0;

# Method to print title
def print_title() :
    print( '-'*5 + ' H A N G M A N ' + '-'*5 + '\n' );

# Print hangman method
def print_hangman() :

    # Initialize hangman body parts
    hangman_bodyparts = [

        'O', # Head
        '|', # Body
        '/', # Left arm
        '\\', # Right arm
        '/', # Left leg
        '\\', # Right leg

    ];

    # Function to draw the head
    def make_head() :
        return ( ' '*5 + hangman_bodyparts[0] + '\n' );

    # Function to draw the body with optional arms
    def make_body( arm_count:int = 0 ) :            
        if ( arm_count == 1 ) :
            return ( ' '*4 + hangman_bodyparts[2] + hangman_bodyparts[1] + '\n' );
        elif ( arm_count == 2 ) :
            return ( ' '*4 + hangman_bodyparts[2] + hangman_bodyparts[1] + hangman_bodyparts[3] + '\n'  );
        else :
            return ( ' '*5 + hangman_bodyparts[1] + '\n' );

    # Function to draw the legs
    def make_legs( leg_count:int = 0 ) :
        if ( leg_count == 1 ) :
            return ( ' '*4 + hangman_bodyparts[4] + '\n' );
        elif ( leg_count == 2 ) :
            return ( ' '*4 + hangman_bodyparts[4] + ' ' + hangman_bodyparts[5] + '\n' );
        else :
            return '\n';

    # Function to make hangman drawing
    def make_hangman() :

        # Initialize hangman image
        hangman_image = '';

        # Construct hangman based on mistakes count
        if   ( mistakes_count == 0 ) : hangman_image += ( '\n' + '\n' + '\n' );
        elif ( mistakes_count == 1 ) : hangman_image += ( make_head() + '\n' + '\n' );
        elif ( mistakes_count == 2 ) : hangman_image += ( make_head() + make_body() + '\n' );
        elif ( mistakes_count == 3 ) : hangman_image += ( make_head() + make_body(1) + '\n' );
        elif ( mistakes_count == 4 ) : hangman_image += ( make_head() + make_body(2) + '\n' );
        elif ( mistakes_count == 5 ) : hangman_image += ( make_head() + make_body(2) + make_legs(1) );
        elif ( mistakes_count == 6 ) : hangman_image += ( make_head() + make_body(2) + make_legs(2) );

        return hangman_image;

    # Print out hangman drawing
    print( make_hangman() );

# Display results
def print_results() :

    # Initialize display text
    display_text = '';

    # Loop through chars in entry word and check if they have been guessed
    for char in entry_word :

        # If char is a letter that has been guessed or not a valid char then add it to display text
        if ( char.lower() in letters_guessed or not is_valid_char( char ) ) :
            display_text += char;

        # If char has not been guessed yet then add an underscore
        else :
            display_text += '_';

    display_text += '\n\n';

    # Show a list of incorrect guesses
    display_text += f'Incorrect Guesses: [ {", ".join( incorrect_guesses )} ]'.title();

    print( display_text + '\n' );

# Get user input
def get_user_input() :

    global mistakes_count;

    # Get user input
    user_input = input( 'Guess a letter: ' ).lower();

    # Validate user input
    while( user_input == '' or user_input.isspace() or user_input.isdigit() or len(user_input) > 1 ) :
        user_input = input( 'Please enter a single letter: ' ).lower();

    # Check if user already guessed the letter or if its wrong
    if ( user_input in letters_guessed or user_input not in entry_letters ) :
        
        # Increment mistakes count
        mistakes_count += 1;

        # Add the incorrect guess to a list if it hasn't been added already and is not a space nor a valid letter
        if ( user_input not in incorrect_guesses + entry_letters and user_input != ' ' ) :
            incorrect_guesses.append( user_input );

    else :
        # If the user guessed a new letter, add it to the list
        letters_guessed.append( user_input );

# Check if game is over
def is_game_over() :
    return ( mistakes_count > 5 or set( entry_letters ) == set( letters_guessed ) );

# Method to display hangman game interface
def start_game() :

    while ( True ) :

        # Clear console
        clear_console();

        # Display title
        print_title();

        # Display hangman
        print_hangman();

        # Display results
        print_results();

        # Get user input if game is not over yet
        if ( not is_game_over() ) :
            # Get user input
            get_user_input();

        else :
            # Break if the game is over
            break;

# Start game
start_game();