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Tandrial/StdDraw.java

Created September 26, 2016 12:43
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3D mathematics - Rotation at a point in time
Raw
rotDemo.java
public class rotDemo {
public static void runSim(long startTime) throws InterruptedException {
StdDraw.setScale(-10, 10);
double theta_speed = 0.0;
double phi_speed = Math.PI / 360 / 5;
double radius = 8;
double theta = Math.PI / 2;
double phi = 0.0;
long lastTick = startTime;
while (true) {
StdDraw.clear();
StdDraw.circle(0, 0, .1);
double x = radius * Math.sin(theta) * Math.cos(phi);
double y = radius * Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(phi);
double z = radius * Math.sin(theta);
StdDraw.circle(x, y, .5);
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
theta += theta_speed * (now - lastTick);
phi += phi_speed * (now - lastTick);
lastTick = now;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
runSim(System.currentTimeMillis());
}
}
Raw
StdDraw.java
/******************************************************************************
* Compilation: javac StdDraw.java
* Execution: java StdDraw
* Dependencies: none
*
* Standard drawing library. This class provides a basic capability for
* creating drawings with your programs. It uses a simple graphics model that
* allows you to create drawings consisting of points, lines, and curves
* in a window on your computer and to save the drawings to a file.
*
* Todo
* ----
* - Add support for gradient fill, etc.
* - Fix setCanvasSize() so that it can only be called once.
* - On some systems, drawing a line (or other shape) that extends way
* beyond canvas (e.g., to infinity) dimensions does not get drawn.
*
* Remarks
* -------
* - don't use AffineTransform for rescaling since it inverts
* images and strings
*
******************************************************************************/
import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.FileDialog;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.FontMetrics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.MediaTracker;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.awt.geom.Arc2D;
import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D;
import java.awt.geom.GeneralPath;
import java.awt.geom.Line2D;
import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.awt.image.DirectColorModel;
import java.awt.image.WritableRaster;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
import javax.swing.KeyStroke;
/**
* The {@code StdDraw} class provides a basic capability for
* creating drawings with your programs. It uses a simple graphics model that
* allows you to create drawings consisting of points, lines, squares,
* circles, and other geometric shapes in a window on your computer and
* to save the drawings to a file. Standard drawing also includes
* facilities for text, color, pictures, and animation, along with
* user interaction via the keyboard and mouse.
* <p>
* <b>Getting started.</b>
* To use standard drawing, you must have <tt>StdDraw.class</tt> in your
* Java classpath. If you used our autoinstaller, you should be all set.
* Otherwise, download
* <a href = "http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/java/stdlib/StdDraw.java">StdDraw.java</a>
* and put a copy in your working directory.
* <p>
* Now, type the following short program into your editor:
* <pre>
* public class TestStdDraw {
* public static void main(String[] args) {
* StdDraw.setPenRadius(0.05);
* StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.BLUE);
* StdDraw.point(0.5, 0.5);
* StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.MAGENTA);
* StdDraw.line(0.2, 0.2, 0.8, 0.2);
* }
* }
* </pre>
* If you compile and execute the program, you should see a window
* appear with a thick magenta line and a blue point.
* This program illustrates the two main types of methods in standard
* drawing&mdash;methods that draw geometric shapes and methods that
* control drawing parameters.
* The methods {@code StdDraw.line()} and {@code StdDraw.point()}
* draw lines and points; the methods {@code StdDraw.setPenRadius()}
* and {@code StdDraw.setPenColor()} control the line thickness and color.
* <p>
* <b>Points and lines.</b>
* You can draw points and line segments with the following methods:
* <ul>
* <li> {@link #point(double x, double y)}
* <li> {@link #line(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2)}
* </ul>
* <p>
* The <em>x</em>- and <em>y</em>-coordinates must be in the drawing area
* (between 0 and 1 and by default) or the points and lines will not be visible.
* <p>
* <b>Squares, circles, rectangles, and ellipses.</b>
* You can draw squares, circles, rectangles, and ellipses using
* the following methods:
* <ul>
* <li> {@link #circle(double x, double y, double radius)}
* <li> {@link #ellipse(double x, double y, double semiMajorAxis, double semiMinorAxis)}
* <li> {@link #square(double x, double y, double radius)}
* <li> {@link #rectangle(double x, double y, double halfWidth, double halfHeight)}
* </ul>
* <p>
* All of these methods take as arguments the location and size of the shape.
* The location is always specified by the <em>x</em>- and <em>y</em>-coordinates
* of its <em>center</em>.
* The size of a circle is specified by its radius and the size of an ellipse is
* specified by the lengths of its semi-major and semi-minor axes.
* The size of a square or rectangle is specified by its half-width or half-height.
* The convention for drawing squares and rectangles is parallel to those for
* drawing circles and ellipses, but may be unexpected to the uninitiated.
* <p>
* The methods above trace outlines of the given shapes. The following methods
* draw filled versions:
* <ul>
* <li> {@link #filledCircle(double x, double y, double radius)}
* <li> {@link #filledEllipse(double x, double y, double semiMajorAxis, double semiMinorAxis)}
* <li> {@link #filledSquare(double x, double y, double radius)}
* <li> {@link #filledRectangle(double x, double y, double halfWidth, double halfHeight)}
* </ul>
* <p>
* <b>Circular arcs.</b>
* You can draw circular arcs with the following method:
* <ul>
* <li> {@link #arc(double x, double y, double radius, double angle1, double angle2)}
* </ul>
* <p>
* The arc is from the circle centered at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>) of the specified radius.
* The arc extends from angle1 to angle2. By convention, the angles are
* <em>polar</em> (counterclockwise angle from the <em>x</em>-axis)
* and represented in degrees. For example, {@code StdDraw.arc(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0, 90)}
* draws the arc of the unit circle from 3 o'clock (0 degrees) to 12 o'clock (90 degrees).
* <p>
* <b>Polygons.</b>
* You can draw polygons with the following methods:
* <ul>
* <li> {@link #polygon(double[] x, double[] y)}
* <li> {@link #filledPolygon(double[] x, double[] y)}
* </ul>
* <p>
* The points in the polygon are ({@code x[i]}, {@code y[i]}).
* For example, the following code fragment draws a filled diamond
* with vertices (0.1, 0.2), (0.2, 0.3), (0.3, 0.2), and (0.2, 0.1):
* <pre>
* double[] x = { 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.2 };
* double[] y = { 0.2, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1 };
* StdDraw.filledPolygon(x, y);
* </pre>
* <p>
* <b>Pen size.</b>
* The pen is circular, so that when you set the pen radius to <em>r</em>
* and draw a point, you get a circle of radius <em>r</em>. Also, lines are
* of thickness 2<em>r</em> and have rounded ends. The default pen radius
* is 0.005 and is not affected by coordinate scaling. This default pen
* radius is about 1/200 the width of the default canvas, so that if
* you draw 100 points equally spaced along a horizontal or vertical line,
* you will be able to see individual circles, but if you draw 200 such
* points, the result will look like a line.
* <ul>
* <li> {@link #setPenRadius(double radius)}
* </ul>
* <p>
* For example, {@code StdDraw.setPenRadius(0.025)} makes
* the thickness of the lines and the size of the points to be five times
* the 0.005 default.
* To draw points with the minimum possible radius (one pixel on typical
* displays), set the pen radius to 0.0.
* <p>
* <b>Pen color.</b>
* All geometric shapes (such as points, lines, and circles) are drawn using
* the current pen color. By default, it is black.
* You can change the pen color with the following methods:
* <ul>
* <li> {@link #setPenColor(int red, int green, int blue)}
* <li> {@link #setPenColor(Color color)}
* </ul>
* <p>
* The first method allows you to specify colors using the RGB color system.
* This <a href = "http://johndyer.name/lab/colorpicker/">color picker</a>
* is a convenient way to find a desired color.
* The second method allows you to specify colors using the
* {@link Color} data type that is discussed in Chapter 3. Until then,
* you can use this method with one of these predefined colors in standard drawing:
* {@link #BLACK}, {@link #BLUE}, {@link #CYAN}, {@link #DARK_GRAY}, {@link #GRAY},
* {@link #GREEN}, {@link #LIGHT_GRAY}, {@link #MAGENTA}, {@link #ORANGE},
* {@link #PINK}, {@link #RED}, {@link #WHITE}, and {@link #YELLOW}.
* For example, {@code StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.MAGENTA)} sets the
* pen color to magenta.
* <p>
* <b>Canvas size.</b>
* By default, all drawing takes places in a 512-by-512 canvas.
* The canvas does not include the window title or window border.
* You can change the size of the canvas with the following method:
* <ul>
* <li> {@link #setCanvasSize(int width, int height)}
* </ul>
* <p>
* This sets the canvas size to be <em>width</em>-by-<em>height</em> pixels.
* It also erases the current drawing and resets the coordinate system,
* pen radius, pen color, and font back to their default values.
* Ordinarly, this method is called once, at the very beginning of a program.
* For example, {@code StdDraw.setCanvasSize(800, 800)}
* sets the canvas size to be 800-by-800 pixels.
* <p>
* <b>Canvas scale and coordinate system.</b>
* By default, all drawing takes places in the unit square, with (0, 0) at
* lower left and (1, 1) at upper right. You can change the default
* coordinate system with the following methods:
* <ul>
* <li> {@link #setXscale(double xmin, double xmax)}
* <li> {@link #setYscale(double ymin, double ymax)}
* <li> {@link #setScale(double min, double max)}
* </ul>
* <p>
* The arguments are the coordinates of the minimum and maximum
* <em>x</em>- or <em>y</em>-coordinates that will appear in the canvas.
* For example, if you wish to use the default coordinate system but
* leave a small margin, you can call {@code StdDraw.setScale(-.05, 1.05)}.
* <p>
* These methods change the coordinate system for subsequent drawing
* commands; they do not affect previous drawings.
* These methods do not change the canvas size; so, if the <em>x</em>-
* and <em>y</em>-scales are different, squares will become rectangles
* and circles will become ellipsoidal.
* <p>
* <b>Text.</b>
* You can use the following methods to annotate your drawings with text:
* <ul>
* <li> {@link #text(double x, double y, String text)}
* <li> {@link #text(double x, double y, String text, double degrees)}
* <li> {@link #textLeft(double x, double y, String text)}
* <li> {@link #textRight(double x, double y, String text)}
* </ul>
* <p>
* The first two methods write the specified text in the current font,
* centered at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>).
* The second method allows you to rotate the text.
* The last two methods either left- or right-align the text at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>).
* <p>
* The default font is a Sans Serif font with point size 16.
* You can use the following method to change the font:
* <ul>
* <li> {@link #setFont(Font font)}
* </ul>
* <p>
* You use the {@link Font} data type to specify the font. This allows you to
* choose the face, size, and style of the font. For example, the following
* code fragment sets the font to Arial Bold, 60 point.
* <pre>
* Font font = new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 60);
* StdDraw.setFont(font);
* StdDraw.text(0.5, 0.5, "Hello, World");
* </pre>
* <p>
* <b>Images.</b>
* You can use the following methods to add images to your drawings:
* <ul>
* <li> {@link #picture(double x, double y, String filename)}
* <li> {@link #picture(double x, double y, String filename, double degrees)}
* <li> {@link #picture(double x, double y, String filename, double width)}
* <li> {@link #picture(double x, double y, String filename, double width, double degrees)}
* </ul>
* <p>
* These methods draw the specified image, centered at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>).
* The supported image formats are JPEG, PNG, and GIF.
* The image will display at its native size, independent of the coordinate system.
* Optionally, you can rotate the image a specified number of degrees counterclockwise
* or rescale it to fit inside a width-by-height pixel bounding box.
* <p>
* <b>Saving to a file.</b>
* You save your image to a file using the <em>File -> Save</em> menu option.
* You can also save a file programatically using the following method:
* <ul>
* <li> {@link #save(String filename)}
* </ul>
* <p>
* The supported image formats are JPEG and PNG. The filename must have either the
* extension .jpg or .png.
* We recommend using PNG for drawing that consist solely of geometric shapes and JPEG
* for drawings that contains pictures.
* <p>
* <b>Clearing the canvas.</b>
* To clear the entire drawing canvas, you can use the following methods:
* <ul>
* <li> {@link #clear()}
* <li> {@link #clear(Color color)}
* </ul>
* <p>
* The first method clears the canvas to white; the second method
* allows you to specify a color of your choice. For example,
* {@code StdDraw.clear(StdDraw.LIGHT_GRAY)} clears the canvas to a shade
* of gray. Most often, these two methods are used in conjunction with animation mode.
* <p>
* <b>Animations.</b>
* Animation mode is one of the trickier features of standard drawing.
* The following two methods control the way in which objects are drawn:
* <ul>
* <li> {@link #show()}
* <li> {@link #show(int t)}
* </ul>
* <p>
* By default, animation mode is off, which means that as soon as you
* call a drawing
* method&mdash;such as {@code point()} or {@code line()}&mdash;the
* results appear on the screen. {@code StdDraw.show()} turns off
* animation mode.
* <p>
* You can call {@link #show(int t)} to turn on animation mode. This
* defers all drawing to the screen until you are aready to display them.
* Once you are ready to display them,
* you call {@link #show(int t)} again, which transfer the offscreen
* drawing to the screen and waits for the specified number of milliseconds.
* In conjuction with {@link #clear()}, you can create the illusion
* of movement by iterating the following three steps:
* <ul>
* <li> Clear the background canvas.
* <li> Draw geometric objects.
* <li> Show the drawing and wait for a short while.
* </ul>
* <p>
* Waiting for a short while is essential; otherwise, the drawing will appear
* and disappear so quickly that your animation will flicker.
* <p>
* Here is a simple example of an animation:
* <p>
* <b>Keyboard and mouse inputs.</b>
* Standard drawing has very basic support for keyboard and mouse input.
* It is much less powerful than most user interface libraries provide, but also much simpler.
* You can use the following methods to intercept mouse events:
* <ul>
* <li> {@link #mousePressed()}
* <li> {@link #mouseX()}
* <li> {@link #mouseY()}
* </ul>
* <p>
* The first method tells you whether a mouse button is currently being pressed.
* The last two methods tells you the <em>x</em>- and <em>y</em>-coordinates of the mouse's
* current position, using the same coordinate system as the canvas (the unit square, by default).
* You should use these methods in an animation loop that waits a short while before trying
* to poll the mouse for its current state.
* You can use the following methods to intercept keyboard events:
* <ul>
* <li> {@link #hasNextKeyTyped()}
* <li> {@link #nextKeyTyped()}
* <li> {@link #isKeyPressed(int keycode)}
* </ul>
* <p>
* If the user types lots of keys, they will be saved in a list until you process them.
* The first method tells you whether the user has typed a key (that your program has
* not yet processed).
* The second method returns the next key that the user typed (that your program has
* not yet processed) and removes it from the list of saved keystrokes.
* The third method tells you whether a key is currently being pressed.
* <p>
* <b>Accessing control parameters.</b>
* You can use the following methods to access the current pen color, pen radius,
* and font:
* <ul>
* <li> {@link #getPenColor()}
* <li> {@link #getPenRadius()}
* <li> {@link #getFont()}
* </ul>
* <p>
* These methods are useful when you want to temporarily change a
* control parameter and reset it back to its original value.
* <p>
* <b>Corner cases.</b>
* To avoid clutter, the API doesn't explicitly refer to arguments that are
* null, infinity, or NaN.
* <ul>
* <li> Any method that is passed a {@code null} argument will throw a
* {@link NullPointerException}.
* <li> Except as noted in the APIs, drawing an object outside (or partly outside)
* the canvas is permitted&mdash;however, only the part of the object that
* appears inside the canvas will be visible.
* <li> Except as noted in the APIs, all methods accept {@link Double#NaN},
* {@link Double#POSITIVE_INFINITY}, and {@link Double#NEGATIVE_INFINITY}
* as arugments. An object drawn with an <em>x</em>- or <em>y</em>-coordinate
* that is NaN will behave as if it is outside the canvas, and will not be visible.
* </ul>
* <p>
* <b>Performance tricks.</b>
* Standard drawing is capable of drawing large amounts of data.
* Here are a few tricks and tips:
* <ul>
* <li> Use <em>animation mode</em> for static drawing with a large
* number of objects.
* That is, call {@code StdDraw.show(0)} before
* and after the sequence of drawing commands.
* The bottleneck operation is not drawing the geometric
* shapes but rather drawing them to the screen. By using animation
* mode, you draw all of the shapes to an offscreen buffer, then copy
* them all at once to the screen.
* <li> When using <em>animation mode</em>, call {@code show()}
* only once per frame, not after drawing each object.
* <li> If you call {@code picture()} multiple times with the same filename,
* Java will cache the image, so you do not incur the cost of reading
* from a file each time.
* <li> Do not call {@code setFont()} in an animation loop (unless you really
* need to change the font in each iteration). It can cause flicker.
* </ul>
* <p>
* <b>Known bugs and issues.</b>
* <ul>
* <li> The {@code picture()} methods may not draw the portion of the image that is
* inside the canvas if the center point (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>) is outside the
* canvas.
* This bug appears only on some systems.
* <li> Some methods may not draw the portion of the geometric object that is inside the
* canvas if the <em>x</em>- or <em>y</em>-coordinates are infinite.
* This bug appears only on some systems.
* </ul>
* <p>
* <b>Reference.</b>
* For additional documentation,
* see <a href="http://introcs.cs.princeton.edu/15inout">Section 1.5</a> of
* <em>Introduction to Programming in Java: An Interdisciplinary Approach</em>
* by Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne.
*
* @author Robert Sedgewick
* @author Kevin Wayne
*/
public final class StdDraw implements ActionListener, MouseListener, MouseMotionListener, KeyListener {
/**
* The color black.
*/
public static final Color BLACK = Color.BLACK;
/**
* The color blue.
*/
public static final Color BLUE = Color.BLUE;
/**
* The color cyan.
*/
public static final Color CYAN = Color.CYAN;
/**
* The color dark gray.
*/
public static final Color DARK_GRAY = Color.DARK_GRAY;
/**
* The color gray.
*/
public static final Color GRAY = Color.GRAY;
/**
* The color green.
*/
public static final Color GREEN = Color.GREEN;
/**
* The color light gray.
*/
public static final Color LIGHT_GRAY = Color.LIGHT_GRAY;
/**
* The color magenta.
*/
public static final Color MAGENTA = Color.MAGENTA;
/**
* The color orange.
*/
public static final Color ORANGE = Color.ORANGE;
/**
* The color pink.
*/
public static final Color PINK = Color.PINK;
/**
* The color red.
*/
public static final Color RED = Color.RED;
/**
* The color white.
*/
public static final Color WHITE = Color.WHITE;
/**
* The color yellow.
*/
public static final Color YELLOW = Color.YELLOW;
/**
* Shade of blue used in <em>Introduction to Programming in Java</em>.
* It is Pantone 300U. The RGB values are approximately (9, 90, 166).
*/
public static final Color BOOK_BLUE = new Color(9, 90, 166);
/**
* Shade of light blue used in <em>Introduction to Programming in Java</em>.
* The RGB values are approximately (103, 198, 243).
*/
public static final Color BOOK_LIGHT_BLUE = new Color(103, 198, 243);
/**
* Shade of red used in <em>Algorithms, 4th edition</em>.
* It is Pantone 1805U. The RGB values are approximately (150, 35, 31).
*/
public static final Color BOOK_RED = new Color(150, 35, 31);
// default colors
private static final Color DEFAULT_PEN_COLOR = BLACK;
private static final Color DEFAULT_CLEAR_COLOR = WHITE;
// current pen color
private static Color penColor;
// default canvas size is DEFAULT_SIZE-by-DEFAULT_SIZE
private static final int DEFAULT_SIZE = 512;
private static int width = DEFAULT_SIZE;
private static int height = DEFAULT_SIZE;
// default pen radius
private static final double DEFAULT_PEN_RADIUS = 0.002;
// current pen radius
private static double penRadius;
// show we draw immediately or wait until next show?
private static boolean defer = false;
// boundary of drawing canvas, 0% border
// private static final double BORDER = 0.05;
private static final double BORDER = 0.00;
private static final double DEFAULT_XMIN = 0.0;
private static final double DEFAULT_XMAX = 1.0;
private static final double DEFAULT_YMIN = 0.0;
private static final double DEFAULT_YMAX = 1.0;
private static double xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax;
// for synchronization
private static Object mouseLock = new Object();
private static Object keyLock = new Object();
// default font
private static final Font DEFAULT_FONT = new Font("SansSerif", Font.PLAIN, 16);
// current font
private static Font font;
// double buffered graphics
private static BufferedImage offscreenImage, onscreenImage;
private static Graphics2D offscreen, onscreen;
// singleton for callbacks: avoids generation of extra .class files
private static StdDraw std = new StdDraw();
// the frame for drawing to the screen
private static JFrame frame;
// mouse state
private static boolean mousePressed = false;
private static double mouseX = 0;
private static double mouseY = 0;
// queue of typed key characters
private static LinkedList<Character> keysTyped = new LinkedList<Character>();
// set of key codes currently pressed down
private static TreeSet<Integer> keysDown = new TreeSet<Integer>();
// time in milliseconds (from currentTimeMillis()) when we can draw again
// used to control the frame rate
private static long nextDraw = -1;
// singleton pattern: client can't instantiate
private StdDraw() { }
// static initializer
static {
init();
}
/**
* Sets the canvas (drawing area) to be 512-by-512 pixels.
* This also erases the current drawing and resets the coordinate system,
* pen radius, pen color, and font back to their default values.
* Ordinarly, this method is called once, at the very beginning
* of a program.
*/
public static void setCanvasSize() {
setCanvasSize(DEFAULT_SIZE, DEFAULT_SIZE);
}
/**
* Sets the canvas (drawing area) to be <em>width</em>-by-<em>height</em> pixels.
* This also erases the current drawing and resets the coordinate system,
* pen radius, pen color, and font back to their default values.
* Ordinarly, this method is called once, at the very beginning
* of a program.
*
* @param canvasWidth the width as a number of pixels
* @param canvasHeight the height as a number of pixels
* @throws IllegalArgumentException unless both {@code width} and
* {@code height} are positive
*/
public static void setCanvasSize(int canvasWidth, int canvasHeight) {
if (canvasWidth <= 0 || canvasHeight <= 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("width and height must be positive");
width = canvasWidth;
height = canvasHeight;
init();
}
// init
private static void init() {
if (frame != null) frame.setVisible(false);
frame = new JFrame();
offscreenImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
onscreenImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
offscreen = offscreenImage.createGraphics();
onscreen = onscreenImage.createGraphics();
setXscale();
setYscale();
offscreen.setColor(DEFAULT_CLEAR_COLOR);
offscreen.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
setPenColor();
setPenRadius();
setFont();
clear();
// add antialiasing
RenderingHints hints = new RenderingHints(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
hints.put(RenderingHints.KEY_RENDERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);
offscreen.addRenderingHints(hints);
// frame stuff
ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(onscreenImage);
JLabel draw = new JLabel(icon);
draw.addMouseListener(std);
draw.addMouseMotionListener(std);
frame.setContentPane(draw);
frame.addKeyListener(std); // JLabel cannot get keyboard focus
frame.setResizable(false);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); // closes all windows
// frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE); // closes only current window
frame.setTitle("Standard Draw");
frame.setJMenuBar(createMenuBar());
frame.pack();
frame.requestFocusInWindow();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
// create the menu bar (changed to private)
private static JMenuBar createMenuBar() {
JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
JMenu menu = new JMenu("File");
menuBar.add(menu);
JMenuItem menuItem1 = new JMenuItem(" Save... ");
menuItem1.addActionListener(std);
menuItem1.setAccelerator(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_S,
Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getMenuShortcutKeyMask()));
menu.add(menuItem1);
return menuBar;
}
/***************************************************************************
* User and screen coordinate systems.
***************************************************************************/
/**
* Sets the <em>x</em>-scale to be the default (between 0.0 and 1.0).
*/
public static void setXscale() {
setXscale(DEFAULT_XMIN, DEFAULT_XMAX);
}
/**
* Sets the <em>y</em>-scale to be the default (between 0.0 and 1.0).
*/
public static void setYscale() {
setYscale(DEFAULT_YMIN, DEFAULT_YMAX);
}
/**
* Sets the <em>x</em>-scale and <em>y</em>-scale to be the default
* (between 0.0 and 1.0).
*/
public static void setScale() {
setXscale();
setYscale();
}
/**
* Sets the <em>x</em>-scale to the specified range.
*
* @param min the minimum value of the <em>x</em>-scale
* @param max the maximum value of the <em>x</em>-scale
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code (max == min)}
*/
public static void setXscale(double min, double max) {
double size = max - min;
if (size == 0.0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("the min and max are the same");
synchronized (mouseLock) {
xmin = min - BORDER * size;
xmax = max + BORDER * size;
}
}
/**
* Sets the <em>y</em>-scale to the specified range.
*
* @param min the minimum value of the <em>y</em>-scale
* @param max the maximum value of the <em>y</em>-scale
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code (max == min)}
*/
public static void setYscale(double min, double max) {
double size = max - min;
if (size == 0.0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("the min and max are the same");
synchronized (mouseLock) {
ymin = min - BORDER * size;
ymax = max + BORDER * size;
}
}
/**
* Sets both the <em>x</em>-scale and <em>y</em>-scale to the (same) specified range.
*
* @param min the minimum value of the <em>x</em>- and <em>y</em>-scales
* @param max the maximum value of the <em>x</em>- and <em>y</em>-scales
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code (max == min)}
*/
public static void setScale(double min, double max) {
double size = max - min;
if (size == 0.0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("the min and max are the same");
synchronized (mouseLock) {
xmin = min - BORDER * size;
xmax = max + BORDER * size;
ymin = min - BORDER * size;
ymax = max + BORDER * size;
}
}
// helper functions that scale from user coordinates to screen coordinates and back
private static double scaleX(double x) { return width * (x - xmin) / (xmax - xmin); }
private static double scaleY(double y) { return height * (ymax - y) / (ymax - ymin); }
private static double factorX(double w) { return w * width / Math.abs(xmax - xmin); }
private static double factorY(double h) { return h * height / Math.abs(ymax - ymin); }
private static double userX(double x) { return xmin + x * (xmax - xmin) / width; }
private static double userY(double y) { return ymax - y * (ymax - ymin) / height; }
/**
* Clears the screen to the default color (white).
*/
public static void clear() {
clear(DEFAULT_CLEAR_COLOR);
}
/**
* Clears the screen to the specified color.
*
* @param color the color to make the background
*/
public static void clear(Color color) {
offscreen.setColor(color);
offscreen.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
offscreen.setColor(penColor);
draw();
}
/**
* Returns the current pen radius.
*
* @return the current value of the pen radius
*/
public static double getPenRadius() {
return penRadius;
}
/**
* Sets the pen size to the default size (0.002).
* The pen is circular, so that lines have rounded ends, and when you set the
* pen radius and draw a point, you get a circle of the specified radius.
* The pen radius is not affected by coordinate scaling.
*/
public static void setPenRadius() {
setPenRadius(DEFAULT_PEN_RADIUS);
}
/**
* Sets the radius of the pen to the specified size.
* The pen is circular, so that lines have rounded ends, and when you set the
* pen radius and draw a point, you get a circle of the specified radius.
* The pen radius is not affected by coordinate scaling.
*
* @param radius the radius of the pen
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code radius} is negative
*/
public static void setPenRadius(double radius) {
if (!(radius >= 0)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("pen radius must be nonnegative");
penRadius = radius;
float scaledPenRadius = (float) (radius * DEFAULT_SIZE);
BasicStroke stroke = new BasicStroke(scaledPenRadius, BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND, BasicStroke.JOIN_ROUND);
// BasicStroke stroke = new BasicStroke(scaledPenRadius);
offscreen.setStroke(stroke);
}
/**
* Returns the current pen color.
*
* @return the current pen color
*/
public static Color getPenColor() {
return penColor;
}
/**
* Set the pen color to the default color (black).
*/
public static void setPenColor() {
setPenColor(DEFAULT_PEN_COLOR);
}
/**
* Sets the pen color to the specified color.
* <p>
* The predefined pen colors are
* <tt>StdDraw.BLACK</tt>, <tt>StdDraw.BLUE</tt>, <tt>StdDraw.CYAN</tt>,
* <tt>StdDraw.DARK_GRAY</tt>, <tt>StdDraw.GRAY</tt>, <tt>StdDraw.GREEN</tt>,
* <tt>StdDraw.LIGHT_GRAY</tt>, <tt>StdDraw.MAGENTA</tt>, <tt>StdDraw.ORANGE</tt>,
* <tt>StdDraw.PINK</tt>, <tt>StdDraw.RED</tt>, <tt>StdDraw.WHITE</tt>, and
* <tt>StdDraw.YELLOW</tt>.
*
* @param color the color to make the pen
*/
public static void setPenColor(Color color) {
if (color == null) throw new NullPointerException();
penColor = color;
offscreen.setColor(penColor);
}
/**
* Sets the pen color to the specified RGB color.
*
* @param red the amount of red (between 0 and 255)
* @param green the amount of green (between 0 and 255)
* @param blue the amount of blue (between 0 and 255)
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code red}, {@code green},
* or {@code blue} is outside its prescribed range
*/
public static void setPenColor(int red, int green, int blue) {
if (red < 0 || red >= 256) throw new IllegalArgumentException("amount of red must be between 0 and 255");
if (green < 0 || green >= 256) throw new IllegalArgumentException("amount of green must be between 0 and 255");
if (blue < 0 || blue >= 256) throw new IllegalArgumentException("amount of blue must be between 0 and 255");
setPenColor(new Color(red, green, blue));
}
/**
* Returns the current font.
*
* @return the current font
*/
public static Font getFont() {
return font;
}
/**
* Sets the font to the default font (sans serif, 16 point).
*/
public static void setFont() {
setFont(DEFAULT_FONT);
}
/**
* Sets the font to the specified value.
*
* @param font the font
*/
public static void setFont(Font font) {
if (font == null) throw new NullPointerException();
StdDraw.font = font;
}
/***************************************************************************
* Drawing geometric shapes.
***************************************************************************/
/**
* Draws a line segment between (<em>x</em><sub>0</sub>, <em>y</em><sub>0</sub>) and
* (<em>x</em><sub>1</sub>, <em>y</em><sub>1</sub>).
*
* @param x0 the <em>x</em>-coordinate of one endpoint
* @param y0 the <em>y</em>-coordinate of one endpoint
* @param x1 the <em>x</em>-coordinate of the other endpoint
* @param y1 the <em>y</em>-coordinate of the other endpoint
*/
public static void line(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1) {
offscreen.draw(new Line2D.Double(scaleX(x0), scaleY(y0), scaleX(x1), scaleY(y1)));
draw();
}
/**
* Draws one pixel at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>).
* This method is private because pixels depend on the display.
* To achieve the same effect, set the pen radius to 0 and call {@code point()}.
*
* @param x the <em>x</em>-coordinate of the pixel
* @param y the <em>y</em>-coordinate of the pixel
*/
private static void pixel(double x, double y) {
offscreen.fillRect((int) Math.round(scaleX(x)), (int) Math.round(scaleY(y)), 1, 1);
}
/**
* Draws a point centered at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>).
* The point is a filled circle whose radius is equal to the pen radius.
* To draw a single-pixel point, first set the pen radius to 0.
*
* @param x the <em>x</em>-coordinate of the point
* @param y the <em>y</em>-coordinate of the point
*/
public static void point(double x, double y) {
double xs = scaleX(x);
double ys = scaleY(y);
double r = penRadius;
float scaledPenRadius = (float) (r * DEFAULT_SIZE);
// double ws = factorX(2*r);
// double hs = factorY(2*r);
// if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
if (scaledPenRadius <= 1) pixel(x, y);
else offscreen.fill(new Ellipse2D.Double(xs - scaledPenRadius/2, ys - scaledPenRadius/2,
scaledPenRadius, scaledPenRadius));
draw();
}
/**
* Draws a circle of the specified radius, centered at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>).
*
* @param x the <em>x</em>-coordinate of the center of the circle
* @param y the <em>y</em>-coordinate of the center of the circle
* @param radius the radius of the circle
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code radius} is negative
*/
public static void circle(double x, double y, double radius) {
if (!(radius >= 0)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("radius must be nonnegative");
double xs = scaleX(x);
double ys = scaleY(y);
double ws = factorX(2*radius);
double hs = factorY(2*radius);
if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
else offscreen.draw(new Ellipse2D.Double(xs - ws/2, ys - hs/2, ws, hs));
draw();
}
/**
* Draws a filled circle of the specified radius, centered at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>).
*
* @param x the <em>x</em>-coordinate of the center of the circle
* @param y the <em>y</em>-coordinate of the center of the circle
* @param radius the radius of the circle
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code radius} is negative
*/
public static void filledCircle(double x, double y, double radius) {
if (!(radius >= 0)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("radius must be nonnegative");
double xs = scaleX(x);
double ys = scaleY(y);
double ws = factorX(2*radius);
double hs = factorY(2*radius);
if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
else offscreen.fill(new Ellipse2D.Double(xs - ws/2, ys - hs/2, ws, hs));
draw();
}
/**
* Draws an ellipse with the specified semimajor and semiminor axes,
* centered at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>).
*
* @param x the <em>x</em>-coordinate of the center of the ellipse
* @param y the <em>y</em>-coordinate of the center of the ellipse
* @param semiMajorAxis is the semimajor axis of the ellipse
* @param semiMinorAxis is the semiminor axis of the ellipse
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if either {@code semiMajorAxis}
* or {@code semiMinorAxis} is negative
*/
public static void ellipse(double x, double y, double semiMajorAxis, double semiMinorAxis) {
if (!(semiMajorAxis >= 0)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("ellipse semimajor axis must be nonnegative");
if (!(semiMinorAxis >= 0)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("ellipse semiminor axis must be nonnegative");
double xs = scaleX(x);
double ys = scaleY(y);
double ws = factorX(2*semiMajorAxis);
double hs = factorY(2*semiMinorAxis);
if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
else offscreen.draw(new Ellipse2D.Double(xs - ws/2, ys - hs/2, ws, hs));
draw();
}
/**
* Draws an ellipse with the specified semimajor and semiminor axes,
* centered at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>).
*
* @param x the <em>x</em>-coordinate of the center of the ellipse
* @param y the <em>y</em>-coordinate of the center of the ellipse
* @param semiMajorAxis is the semimajor axis of the ellipse
* @param semiMinorAxis is the semiminor axis of the ellipse
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if either {@code semiMajorAxis}
* or {@code semiMinorAxis} is negative
*/
public static void filledEllipse(double x, double y, double semiMajorAxis, double semiMinorAxis) {
if (!(semiMajorAxis >= 0)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("ellipse semimajor axis must be nonnegative");
if (!(semiMinorAxis >= 0)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("ellipse semiminor axis must be nonnegative");
double xs = scaleX(x);
double ys = scaleY(y);
double ws = factorX(2*semiMajorAxis);
double hs = factorY(2*semiMinorAxis);
if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
else offscreen.fill(new Ellipse2D.Double(xs - ws/2, ys - hs/2, ws, hs));
draw();
}
/**
* Draws a circular arc of the specified radius,
* centered at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>), from angle1 to angle2 (in degrees).
*
* @param x the <em>x</em>-coordinate of the center of the circle
* @param y the <em>y</em>-coordinate of the center of the circle
* @param radius the radius of the circle
* @param angle1 the starting angle. 0 would mean an arc beginning at 3 o'clock.
* @param angle2 the angle at the end of the arc. For example, if
* you want a 90 degree arc, then angle2 should be angle1 + 90.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code radius} is negative
*/
public static void arc(double x, double y, double radius, double angle1, double angle2) {
if (radius < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("arc radius must be nonnegative");
while (angle2 < angle1) angle2 += 360;
double xs = scaleX(x);
double ys = scaleY(y);
double ws = factorX(2*radius);
double hs = factorY(2*radius);
if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
else offscreen.draw(new Arc2D.Double(xs - ws/2, ys - hs/2, ws, hs, angle1, angle2 - angle1, Arc2D.OPEN));
draw();
}
/**
* Draws a square of side length 2r, centered at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>).
*
* @param x the <em>x</em>-coordinate of the center of the square
* @param y the <em>y</em>-coordinate of the center of the square
* @param halfLength one half the length of any side of the square
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code halfLength} is negative
*/
public static void square(double x, double y, double halfLength) {
if (!(halfLength >= 0)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("half length must be nonnegative");
double xs = scaleX(x);
double ys = scaleY(y);
double ws = factorX(2*halfLength);
double hs = factorY(2*halfLength);
if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
else offscreen.draw(new Rectangle2D.Double(xs - ws/2, ys - hs/2, ws, hs));
draw();
}
/**
* Draws a filled square of the specified size, centered at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>).
*
* @param x the <em>x</em>-coordinate of the center of the square
* @param y the <em>y</em>-coordinate of the center of the square
* @param halfLength one half the length of any side of the square
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code halfLength} is negative
*/
public static void filledSquare(double x, double y, double halfLength) {
if (!(halfLength >= 0)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("half length must be nonnegative");
double xs = scaleX(x);
double ys = scaleY(y);
double ws = factorX(2*halfLength);
double hs = factorY(2*halfLength);
if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
else offscreen.fill(new Rectangle2D.Double(xs - ws/2, ys - hs/2, ws, hs));
draw();
}
/**
* Draws a rectangle of the specified size, centered at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>).
*
* @param x the <em>x</em>-coordinate of the center of the rectangle
* @param y the <em>y</em>-coordinate of the center of the rectangle
* @param halfWidth one half the width of the rectangle
* @param halfHeight one half the height of the rectangle
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if either {@code halfWidth} or {@code halfHeight} is negative
*/
public static void rectangle(double x, double y, double halfWidth, double halfHeight) {
if (!(halfWidth >= 0)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("half width must be nonnegative");
if (!(halfHeight >= 0)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("half height must be nonnegative");
double xs = scaleX(x);
double ys = scaleY(y);
double ws = factorX(2*halfWidth);
double hs = factorY(2*halfHeight);
if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
else offscreen.draw(new Rectangle2D.Double(xs - ws/2, ys - hs/2, ws, hs));
draw();
}
/**
* Draws a filled rectangle of the specified size, centered at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>).
*
* @param x the <em>x</em>-coordinate of the center of the rectangle
* @param y the <em>y</em>-coordinate of the center of the rectangle
* @param halfWidth one half the width of the rectangle
* @param halfHeight one half the height of the rectangle
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if either {@code halfWidth} or {@code halfHeight} is negative
*/
public static void filledRectangle(double x, double y, double halfWidth, double halfHeight) {
if (!(halfWidth >= 0)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("half width must be nonnegative");
if (!(halfHeight >= 0)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("half height must be nonnegative");
double xs = scaleX(x);
double ys = scaleY(y);
double ws = factorX(2*halfWidth);
double hs = factorY(2*halfHeight);
if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
else offscreen.fill(new Rectangle2D.Double(xs - ws/2, ys - hs/2, ws, hs));
draw();
}
/**
* Draws a polygon with the vertices
* (<em>x</em><sub>0</sub>, <em>y</em><sub>0</sub>),
* (<em>x</em><sub>1</sub>, <em>y</em><sub>1</sub>), ...,
* (<em>x</em><sub><em>n</em>&minus;1</sub>, <em>y</em><sub><em>n</em>&minus;1</sub>).
*
* @param x an array of all the <em>x</em>-coordinates of the polygon
* @param y an array of all the <em>y</em>-coordinates of the polygon
* @throws IllegalArgumentException unless {@code x[]} and {@code y[]}
* are of the same length
*/
public static void polygon(double[] x, double[] y) {
if (x == null) throw new NullPointerException();
if (y == null) throw new NullPointerException();
int n1 = x.length;
int n2 = y.length;
if (n1 != n2) throw new IllegalArgumentException("arrays must be of the same length");
int n = n1;
GeneralPath path = new GeneralPath();
path.moveTo((float) scaleX(x[0]), (float) scaleY(y[0]));
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
path.lineTo((float) scaleX(x[i]), (float) scaleY(y[i]));
path.closePath();
offscreen.draw(path);
draw();
}
/**
* Draws a polygon with the vertices
* (<em>x</em><sub>0</sub>, <em>y</em><sub>0</sub>),
* (<em>x</em><sub>1</sub>, <em>y</em><sub>1</sub>), ...,
* (<em>x</em><sub><em>n</em>&minus;1</sub>, <em>y</em><sub><em>n</em>&minus;1</sub>).
*
* @param x an array of all the <em>x</em>-coordinates of the polygon
* @param y an array of all the <em>y</em>-coordinates of the polygon
* @throws IllegalArgumentException unless {@code x[]} and {@code y[]}
* are of the same length
*/
public static void filledPolygon(double[] x, double[] y) {
if (x == null) throw new NullPointerException();
if (y == null) throw new NullPointerException();
int n1 = x.length;
int n2 = y.length;
if (n1 != n2) throw new IllegalArgumentException("arrays must be of the same length");
int n = n1;
GeneralPath path = new GeneralPath();
path.moveTo((float) scaleX(x[0]), (float) scaleY(y[0]));
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
path.lineTo((float) scaleX(x[i]), (float) scaleY(y[i]));
path.closePath();
offscreen.fill(path);
draw();
}
/***************************************************************************
* Drawing images.
***************************************************************************/
// get an image from the given filename
private static Image getImage(String filename) {
if (filename == null) throw new NullPointerException();
// to read from file
ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(filename);
// try to read from URL
if ((icon == null) || (icon.getImageLoadStatus() != MediaTracker.COMPLETE)) {
try {
URL url = new URL(filename);
icon = new ImageIcon(url);
}
catch (Exception e) {
/* not a url */
}
}
// in case file is inside a .jar (classpath relative to StdDraw)
if ((icon == null) || (icon.getImageLoadStatus() != MediaTracker.COMPLETE)) {
URL url = StdDraw.class.getResource(filename);
if (url != null)
icon = new ImageIcon(url);
}
// in case file is inside a .jar (classpath relative to root of jar)
if ((icon == null) || (icon.getImageLoadStatus() != MediaTracker.COMPLETE)) {
URL url = StdDraw.class.getResource("/" + filename);
if (url == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("image " + filename + " not found");
icon = new ImageIcon(url);
}
return icon.getImage();
}
/**
* Draws the specified image centered at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>).
* The supported image formats are JPEG, PNG, and GIF.
* As an optimization, the picture is cached, so there is no performance
* penalty for redrawing the same image multiple times (e.g., in an animation).
* However, if you change the picture file after drawing it, subsequent
* calls will draw the original picture.
*
* @param x the center <em>x</em>-coordinate of the image
* @param y the center <em>y</em>-coordinate of the image
* @param filename the name of the image/picture, e.g., "ball.gif"
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the image filename is invalid
*/
public static void picture(double x, double y, String filename) {
Image image = getImage(filename);
double xs = scaleX(x);
double ys = scaleY(y);
int ws = image.getWidth(null);
int hs = image.getHeight(null);
if (ws < 0 || hs < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("image " + filename + " is corrupt");
offscreen.drawImage(image, (int) Math.round(xs - ws/2.0), (int) Math.round(ys - hs/2.0), null);
draw();
}
/**
* Draws the specified image centered at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>),
* rotated given number of degrees.
* The supported image formats are JPEG, PNG, and GIF.
*
* @param x the center <em>x</em>-coordinate of the image
* @param y the center <em>y</em>-coordinate of the image
* @param filename the name of the image/picture, e.g., "ball.gif"
* @param degrees is the number of degrees to rotate counterclockwise
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the image filename is invalid
*/
public static void picture(double x, double y, String filename, double degrees) {
Image image = getImage(filename);
double xs = scaleX(x);
double ys = scaleY(y);
int ws = image.getWidth(null);
int hs = image.getHeight(null);
if (ws < 0 || hs < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("image " + filename + " is corrupt");
offscreen.rotate(Math.toRadians(-degrees), xs, ys);
offscreen.drawImage(image, (int) Math.round(xs - ws/2.0), (int) Math.round(ys - hs/2.0), null);
offscreen.rotate(Math.toRadians(+degrees), xs, ys);
draw();
}
/**
* Draws the specified image centered at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>),
* rescaled to the specified bounding box.
* The supported image formats are JPEG, PNG, and GIF.
*
* @param x the center <em>x</em>-coordinate of the image
* @param y the center <em>y</em>-coordinate of the image
* @param filename the name of the image/picture, e.g., "ball.gif"
* @param scaledWidth the width of the scaled image in pixels
* @param scaledHeight the height of the scaled image in pixels
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if either {@code scaledWidth}
* or {@code scaledHeight} is negative
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the image filename is invalid
*/
public static void picture(double x, double y, String filename, double scaledWidth, double scaledHeight) {
Image image = getImage(filename);
if (scaledWidth < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("width is negative: " + scaledWidth);
if (scaledHeight < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("height is negative: " + scaledHeight);
double xs = scaleX(x);
double ys = scaleY(y);
double ws = factorX(scaledWidth);
double hs = factorY(scaledHeight);
if (ws < 0 || hs < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("image " + filename + " is corrupt");
if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
else {
offscreen.drawImage(image, (int) Math.round(xs - ws/2.0),
(int) Math.round(ys - hs/2.0),
(int) Math.round(ws),
(int) Math.round(hs), null);
}
draw();
}
/**
* Draws the specified image centered at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>), rotated
* given number of degrees, and rescaled to the specified bounding box.
* The supported image formats are JPEG, PNG, and GIF.
*
* @param x the center <em>x</em>-coordinate of the image
* @param y the center <em>y</em>-coordinate of the image
* @param filename the name of the image/picture, e.g., "ball.gif"
* @param scaledWidth the width of the scaled image in pixels
* @param scaledHeight the height of the scaled image in pixels
* @param degrees is the number of degrees to rotate counterclockwise
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if either {@code scaledWidth}
* or {@code scaledHeight} is negative
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the image filename is invalid
*/
public static void picture(double x, double y, String filename, double scaledWidth, double scaledHeight, double degrees) {
if (scaledWidth < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("width is negative: " + scaledWidth);
if (scaledHeight < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("height is negative: " + scaledHeight);
Image image = getImage(filename);
double xs = scaleX(x);
double ys = scaleY(y);
double ws = factorX(scaledWidth);
double hs = factorY(scaledHeight);
if (ws < 0 || hs < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("image " + filename + " is corrupt");
if (ws <= 1 && hs <= 1) pixel(x, y);
offscreen.rotate(Math.toRadians(-degrees), xs, ys);
offscreen.drawImage(image, (int) Math.round(xs - ws/2.0),
(int) Math.round(ys - hs/2.0),
(int) Math.round(ws),
(int) Math.round(hs), null);
offscreen.rotate(Math.toRadians(+degrees), xs, ys);
draw();
}
/***************************************************************************
* Drawing text.
***************************************************************************/
/**
* Write the given text string in the current font, centered at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>).
*
* @param x the center <em>x</em>-coordinate of the text
* @param y the center <em>y</em>-coordinate of the text
* @param text the text to write
*/
public static void text(double x, double y, String text) {
if (text == null) throw new NullPointerException();
offscreen.setFont(font);
FontMetrics metrics = offscreen.getFontMetrics();
double xs = scaleX(x);
double ys = scaleY(y);
int ws = metrics.stringWidth(text);
int hs = metrics.getDescent();
offscreen.drawString(text, (float) (xs - ws/2.0), (float) (ys + hs));
draw();
}
/**
* Write the given text string in the current font, centered at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>) and
* rotated by the specified number of degrees.
* @param x the center <em>x</em>-coordinate of the text
* @param y the center <em>y</em>-coordinate of the text
* @param text the text to write
* @param degrees is the number of degrees to rotate counterclockwise
*/
public static void text(double x, double y, String text, double degrees) {
if (text == null) throw new NullPointerException();
double xs = scaleX(x);
double ys = scaleY(y);
offscreen.rotate(Math.toRadians(-degrees), xs, ys);
text(x, y, text);
offscreen.rotate(Math.toRadians(+degrees), xs, ys);
}
/**
* Write the given text string in the current font, left-aligned at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>).
* @param x the <em>x</em>-coordinate of the text
* @param y the <em>y</em>-coordinate of the text
* @param text the text
*/
public static void textLeft(double x, double y, String text) {
if (text == null) throw new NullPointerException();
offscreen.setFont(font);
FontMetrics metrics = offscreen.getFontMetrics();
double xs = scaleX(x);
double ys = scaleY(y);
int hs = metrics.getDescent();
offscreen.drawString(text, (float) xs, (float) (ys + hs));
draw();
}
/**
* Write the given text string in the current font, right-aligned at (<em>x</em>, <em>y</em>).
*
* @param x the <em>x</em>-coordinate of the text
* @param y the <em>y</em>-coordinate of the text
* @param text the text to write
*/
public static void textRight(double x, double y, String text) {
if (text == null) throw new NullPointerException();
offscreen.setFont(font);
FontMetrics metrics = offscreen.getFontMetrics();
double xs = scaleX(x);
double ys = scaleY(y);
int ws = metrics.stringWidth(text);
int hs = metrics.getDescent();
offscreen.drawString(text, (float) (xs - ws), (float) (ys + hs));
draw();
}
/**
* Display on screen, pause for t milliseconds, and turn on
* <em>animation mode</em>: subsequent calls to
* drawing methods such as {@code line()}, {@code circle()}, and {@code square()}
* will not be displayed on screen until the next call to {@code show()}.
* This is useful for producing animations (clear the screen, draw a bunch of shapes,
* display on screen for a fixed amount of time, and repeat). It also speeds up
* drawing a huge number of shapes (call {@code show(0)} to defer drawing
* on screen, draw the shapes, and call {@code show(0)} to display them all
* on screen at once).
* @param t number of milliseconds
*/
public static void show(int t) {
// sleep until the next time we're allowed to draw
long millis = System.currentTimeMillis();
if (millis < nextDraw) {
try {
Thread.sleep(nextDraw - millis);
}
catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Error sleeping");
}
millis = nextDraw;
}
defer = false;
draw();
defer = true;
// when are we allowed to draw again
nextDraw = millis + t;
}
/**
* Display on-screen and turn off animation mode:
* subsequent calls to
* drawing methods such as {@code line()}, {@code circle()},
* and {@code square()} will be displayed on screen when called.
* This is the default.
*/
public static void show() {
defer = false;
nextDraw = -1;
draw();
}
// draw onscreen if defer is false
private static void draw() {
if (defer) return;
onscreen.drawImage(offscreenImage, 0, 0, null);
frame.repaint();
}
/***************************************************************************
* Save drawing to a file.
***************************************************************************/
/**
* Saves the drawing to using the specified filename.
* The supported image formats are JPEG and PNG;
* the filename suffix must be <tt>.jpg</tt> or <tt>.png</tt>.
*
* @param filename the name of the file with one of the required suffixes
*/
public static void save(String filename) {
if (filename == null) throw new NullPointerException();
File file = new File(filename);
String suffix = filename.substring(filename.lastIndexOf('.') + 1);
// png files
if (suffix.toLowerCase().equals("png")) {
try {
ImageIO.write(onscreenImage, suffix, file);
}
catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// need to change from ARGB to RGB for JPEG
// reference: http://archives.java.sun.com/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0404&L=java2d-interest&D=0&P=2727
else if (suffix.toLowerCase().equals("jpg")) {
WritableRaster raster = onscreenImage.getRaster();
WritableRaster newRaster;
newRaster = raster.createWritableChild(0, 0, width, height, 0, 0, new int[] {0, 1, 2});
DirectColorModel cm = (DirectColorModel) onscreenImage.getColorModel();
DirectColorModel newCM = new DirectColorModel(cm.getPixelSize(),
cm.getRedMask(),
cm.getGreenMask(),
cm.getBlueMask());
BufferedImage rgbBuffer = new BufferedImage(newCM, newRaster, false, null);
try {
ImageIO.write(rgbBuffer, suffix, file);
}
catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
else {
System.out.println("Invalid image file type: " + suffix);
}
}
/**
* This method cannot be called directly.
*/
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
FileDialog chooser = new FileDialog(StdDraw.frame, "Use a .png or .jpg extension", FileDialog.SAVE);
chooser.setVisible(true);
String filename = chooser.getFile();
if (filename != null) {
StdDraw.save(chooser.getDirectory() + File.separator + chooser.getFile());
}
}
/***************************************************************************
* Mouse interactions.
***************************************************************************/
/**
* Returns true if the mouse is being pressed.
*
* @return <tt>true</tt> if the mouse is being pressed; <tt>false</tt> otherwise
*/
public static boolean mousePressed() {
synchronized (mouseLock) {
return mousePressed;
}
}
/**
* Returns the <em>x</em>-coordinate of the mouse.
*
* @return the <em>x</em>-coordinate of the mouse
*/
public static double mouseX() {
synchronized (mouseLock) {
return mouseX;
}
}
/**
* Returns the <em>y</em>-coordinate of the mouse.
*
* @return <em>y</em>-coordinate of the mouse
*/
public static double mouseY() {
synchronized (mouseLock) {
return mouseY;
}
}
/**
* This method cannot be called directly.
*/
@Override
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { }
/**
* This method cannot be called directly.
*/
@Override
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) { }
/**
* This method cannot be called directly.
*/
@Override
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) { }
/**
* This method cannot be called directly.
*/
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
synchronized (mouseLock) {
mouseX = StdDraw.userX(e.getX());
mouseY = StdDraw.userY(e.getY());
mousePressed = true;
}
}
/**
* This method cannot be called directly.
*/
@Override
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
synchronized (mouseLock) {
mousePressed = false;
}
}
/**
* This method cannot be called directly.
*/
@Override
public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) {
synchronized (mouseLock) {
mouseX = StdDraw.userX(e.getX());
mouseY = StdDraw.userY(e.getY());
}
}
/**
* This method cannot be called directly.
*/
@Override
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
synchronized (mouseLock) {
mouseX = StdDraw.userX(e.getX());
mouseY = StdDraw.userY(e.getY());
}
}
/***************************************************************************
* Keyboard interactions.
***************************************************************************/
/**
* Returns true if the user has typed a key (that has not yet been processed).
*
* @return <tt>true</tt> if the user has typed a key (that has not yet been processed
* by {@link #nextKeyTyped()}; <tt>false</tt> otherwise
*/
public static boolean hasNextKeyTyped() {
synchronized (keyLock) {
return !keysTyped.isEmpty();
}
}
/**
* Returns the next key that was typed by the user (that your program has not already processed).
* This method should be preceded by a call to {@link #hasNextKeyTyped()} to ensure
* that there is a next key to process.
* This method returns a Unicode character corresponding to the key
* typed (such as {@code 'a'} or {@code 'A'}).
* It cannot identify action keys (such as F1 and arrow keys)
* or modifier keys (such as control).
*
* @return the next key typed by the user (that your program has not already processed).
* @throws NoSuchElementException if there is no remaining key
*/
public static char nextKeyTyped() {
synchronized (keyLock) {
if (keysTyped.isEmpty()) {
throw new NoSuchElementException("your program has already processed all keystrokes");
}
return keysTyped.removeLast();
}
}
/**
* Returns true if the given key is being pressed.
* <p>
* This method takes the keycode (corresponding to a physical key)
* as an argument. It can handle action keys
* (such as F1 and arrow keys) and modifier keys (such as shift and control).
* See {@link KeyEvent} for a description of key codes.
*
* @param keycode the key to check if it is being pressed
* @return <tt>true</tt> if {@code keycode} is currently being pressed;
* <tt>false</tt> otherwise
*/
public static boolean isKeyPressed(int keycode) {
synchronized (keyLock) {
return keysDown.contains(keycode);
}
}
/**
* This method cannot be called directly.
*/
@Override
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
synchronized (keyLock) {
keysTyped.addFirst(e.getKeyChar());
}
}
/**
* This method cannot be called directly.
*/
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
synchronized (keyLock) {
keysDown.add(e.getKeyCode());
}
}
/**
* This method cannot be called directly.
*/
@Override
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
synchronized (keyLock) {
keysDown.remove(e.getKeyCode());
}
}
/**
* Test client.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
StdDraw.square(.2, .8, .1);
StdDraw.filledSquare(.8, .8, .2);
StdDraw.circle(.8, .2, .2);
StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.BOOK_RED);
StdDraw.setPenRadius(.02);
StdDraw.arc(.8, .2, .1, 200, 45);
// draw a blue diamond
StdDraw.setPenRadius();
StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.BOOK_BLUE);
double[] x = { .1, .2, .3, .2 };
double[] y = { .2, .3, .2, .1 };
StdDraw.filledPolygon(x, y);
// text
StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.BLACK);
StdDraw.text(0.2, 0.5, "black text");
StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.WHITE);
StdDraw.text(0.8, 0.8, "white text");
}
}
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